Class specific feature selection for identity validation using dynamic signatures

Classification of the biometrics data for identity validation can be modeled as a single-class problem, where the identity is confirmed by comparing the biometrics of the unknown person with those of the claimed identity. However, current feature selection techniques do not differentiate between single-class and multi-class problems when determining the suitable feature set and select the feature-set that is suitable for representing or discriminating for all the available classes. This may not be the best representation of the biometrics data of an individual because different people may have differences in the most suitable features to represent their biometrical data. In this paper, a class-specific feature selection method has been proposed and experimentally validated using dynamic signatures. This method is based on the coefficient of variance within the feature set, where the features with smaller variance are selected and the ones with larger variance are rejected. The proposed technique was compared with the other feature selection methods, and the results show that a significant improvement in the classification accuracy, specificity and sensitivity was obtained when using class-specific feature selection

Laminar Flow Microarray Patterning by Perpendicular Electrokinetic Focusing

This paper describes a method to pattern microarrays in a closed microfluidic device. Two perpendicular laminar flow streams can operate in terms to sequentially coat the surface of a flow-chamber with parallel lanes in two directions. Two perpendicular sample streams can be controlled in position and width by applying electrokinetic focusing, for which each of the two streams is sandwiched between two parallel laminar flow streams containing just a buffer solution. Electroosmotic flow allows a simple chip design without any moving parts being involved. With this device configuration it is possible to define an array of up to 169 spots on a surface area of 1 mm2

A note on perfect scalar fields

We derive a condition on the Lagrangian density describing a generic, single, non-canonical scalar field, by demanding that the intrinsic, non-adiabatic pressure perturbation associated with the scalar field vanishes identically. Based on the analogy with perfect fluids, we refer to such fields as perfect scalar fields. It is common knowledge that models that depend only on the kinetic energy of the scalar field (often referred to as pure kinetic models) possess no non-adiabatic pressure perturbation. While we are able to construct models that seemingly depend on the scalar field and also do not contain any non-adiabatic pressure perturbation, we find that all such models that we construct allow a redefinition of the field under which they reduce to pure kinetic models. We show that, if a perfect scalar field drives inflation, then, in such situations, the first slow roll parameter will always be a monotonically decreasing function of time. We point out that this behavior implies that these scalar fields can not lead to features in the inflationary, scalar perturbation spectrum.Comment: v1: 11 pages; v2: 11 pages, minor changes, journal versio

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Some Consequences of Dark Energy Density varying Exponentially with Scale Factor

In this paper we have explored the consequences of a model of dark energy with its energy density varying exponentially with the scale factor. We first consider the model with $\rho_{\phi} \propto e^{\kappa a}$, where $\kappa$ is a constant. This is a kind of generalisation of the cosmological constant model with $\kappa = 0$. We show that such an exponentially varying dark energy density with the scale factor naturally leads to an equivalent phantom field. We also consider a model with $\rho_{\phi} \propto e^{\kappa /a}$ and we show that this also naturally leads to an equivalent phantom field.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figure

Effects of Vocal Fold Nodules on Glottal Cycle Measurements Derived from High-Speed Videoendoscopy in Children

The goal of this study is to quantify the effects of vocal fold nodules on vibratory motion in children using high-speed videoendoscopy. Differences in vibratory motion were evaluated in 20 children with vocal fold nodules (5–11 years) and 20 age and gender matched typically developing children (5–11 years) during sustained phonation at typical pitch and loudness. Normalized kinematic features of vocal fold displacements from the mid-membranous vocal fold point were extracted from the steady-state high-speed video. A total of 12 kinematic features representing spatial and temporal characteristics of vibratory motion were calculated. Average values and standard deviations (cycle-to-cycle variability) of the following kinematic features were computed: normalized peak displacement, normalized average opening velocity, normalized average closing velocity, normalized peak closing velocity, speed quotient, and open quotient. Group differences between children with and without vocal fold nodules were statistically investigated. While a moderate effect size was observed for the spatial feature of speed quotient, and the temporal feature of normalized average closing velocity in children with nodules compared to vocally normal children, none of the features were statistically significant between the groups after Bonferroni correction. The kinematic analysis of the mid-membranous vocal fold displacement revealed that children with nodules primarily differ from typically developing children in closing phase kinematics of the glottal cycle, whereas the opening phase kinematics are similar. Higher speed quotients and similar opening phase velocities suggest greater relative forces are acting on vocal fold in the closing phase. These findings suggest that future large-scale studies should focus on spatial and temporal features related to the closing phase of the glottal cycle for differentiating the kinematics of children with and without vocal fold nodules

Effect of Nannochloropsis salina on the survival and growth of phyllosoma of the tropical spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus L. under laboratory conditions

The first successful advanced (stage VIII) larval development of the tropical spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus L. under laboratory culture has been achieved in a short span of 42 days. The culture treatments were maintained in two different systems, one with microalgae, Nannochloropsis salina (30-40 million cells/mL) and the other without microalgae. Phyllosoma attained stage VIII (5.25 mm) and stage V (3.36 mm) with an intermoult period of 4-6 and 5-9 days in the two systems respectively. The larvae moulted nine and six times in the microalgal and non-algal systems, respectively. Phyllosoma were fed with freshly hatched live Artemia salina nauplii (0.32 mm) for an initial period of 10 days, followed by juvenile Artemia (1.45 –1.54 mm) enriched with microalgae for the subsequent 15 days. Artemia enriched with commercial polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrate (DHA-Selco) was fed to the larvae for the rest of the culture period. Salinity and temperature were maintained at 33 ± 2 ppt and 28 ± 2 0C, respectively, while the pH recorded an optimum of 7.9 ± 0.5. The microalgal larval rearing system had lower bacterial load (total heterotrophic marine count, 1.0 X 103 CFU m L-1 and total Vibrio sp. count, 20 CFU/mL) compared to the nonmicroalgal system

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with coronary artery disease (CAD)

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common association of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus is a leading risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aims at estimating the prevalence of NAFLD by ultrasonography and to correlate NAFLD with CAD in a group of patients with Type 2 DM.Methods: Consecutive patients of Type 2 diabetes fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited. Clinical and biochemical parameters were recorded. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography.Results: The prevalence of NAFLD was 41.2% in the study group (n=114) and was higher in females. Prevalence of NAFLD in the younger age group was significantly higher than that in the older age group. Elevated liver enzymes, elevated HbA1C, duration of diabetes, obesity, acanthosis nigricans and metabolic syndrome were all significantly associated with NAFLD. CAD was significantly higher in the NAFLD subgroup (72.46%) compared to the non-NAFLD subgroup (52.63%) (p=0.001). Using binary logistic regression analysis, it was found that NAFLD is an independent predictor of CAD (p=0.002).Conclusions: NAFLD is extremely common in people with Type 2 diabetes and is associated with a higher prevalence of CAD.NAFLD is an independent risk factor for development of CAD. Thus, identification of NAFLD in diabetics might help in predicting the risk of CAD and to adopt the necessary preventive strategy.

Clinical profile of premenopausal female patients with coronary artery disease

Background: Coronary artery disease is becoming the leading cause of death in the world. The incidence of CAD in females has increased rapidly in the past decades. This study aimed to analyze the clinical profile of premenopausal women with CAD and elucidate on the possible risk factors.Methods: Premenopausal female patients admitted with an acute coronary syndrome as diagnosed by history, ECG and laboratory tests were recruited. Clinical and biochemical parameters were recorded.Results: Mean age of study participants was 41.6±8.18 yrs. Unstable angina (60%) was the most common clinical presentation. Proportion of women with various risk factors of CAD in our study population were as follows dyslipidemia (65%), family history of premature CAD (57.5%), hypertension (55%), diabetes mellitus (42.5%), hypothyroidism (40%), PAD (37.5%), CKD (35%) and SLE (20%). Most (95%) of the study population had high LDL-c. Three fourth (77.5%) of the study population had low HDL Approximately half of the study population had fatty liver on ultrasonography. Triglyceridemia was found in 72.5% of the study population.Conclusions: Premature CAD is increasingly evident in young premenopausal women in India. Premenopausal CAD in India is of multi factorial causation and dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, central obesity and family history of premature CAD play a crucial role in its development