FORMULASI NANOEMULSI MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt) SERTA UJI AKTIVITASNYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes

Minyak daun pala merupakan salah satu minyak atsiri yang memberi aktivitas biologis sebagai antibakteri. Efisien dan efektifitas minyak atsiri daun pala dapat ditingkatkan melalui teknologi nanoemulsi. Nanoemulsi mempunyai kapasitas kelarutan yang lebih tinggi daripada larutan miselar yang sederhana, serta lebih stabil daripada dispersi dan emulsi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui formulasi dan karakterisasi nanoemulsi minyak atsiri daun pala serta aktivitasnya terhadap uji antibakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Pembuatan nanoemulsi menggunakan metode energi rendah menggunakan tween 80 sebagai surfaktan dan propilen glikol sebagai kosurfaktan dengan tiga variasi konsentrasi minyak yaitu 1, 3, dan 5%, selain itu juga dibuat formulasi emulsi dari minyak yang diencerkan dengan konsentrasi minyak yang sama dengan nanoemulsi. Karakterisasi nanoemulsi meliputi uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji sentrifugasi, uji freeze-thaw cycle, uji tipe nanoemulsi, uji viskositas, uji persen transmitan pengukuran distribusi ukuran partikel. Hasil pengujian organoleptis, sentrifugasi, dan freeze-thaw cycle nanoemulsi menunjukkan penampakan jernih dan stabil, sedangkan pada emulsi masih terdapat sediaan yang keruh dan kurang stabil. Hasil pengujian pH, tipe nanoemulsi, viskositas, persentase transmitan, dan distribusi ukuran partikel menunjukkan hasil yang baik dan sesuai dengan referensi. Emulsi memiliki pH, tipe emulsi, dan viskositas yang baik, namun emulsi dengan konsentrasi minyak daun pala 5% tidak dapat digolongkan sebagai emulsi yang baik karena memiliki persentase transmitan yang lebuh kecil dari 90% dan memiliki penampakan yang keruh. Hasil zona hambat antibakteri P. acne nanoemulsi 1, 3, 5% berturut-turut yaitu 13,035±0,475; 13,530±0,490; 14,805±0,265 mm. Hasil zona hambat yang diperoleh menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri yang kuat

Phytochemicals and toxicity of ketapang fruit flesh (Terminalia catappa. Linn) using the BSLT method

Ketapang is widely used in traditional medicine. Parts of ketapang plant, such as roots, leaves, and bark, are known to have biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. However, no biological activity has been reported on the flesh of the ketapang fruit. This research was conducted to obtain phytochemicals and toxicity information of ketapang fruit flesh as an anticancer medicine. Toxicity indicates the potential for a chemical compound to cause damage to living organisms, while phytochemicals indicate a group of compounds that have biological activity. Extraction of ketapang fruit flesh was carried out using various solvents, both polar and non-polar solvents, methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. The toxicity test used the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method, while phytochemicals tests used the thin layer chromatography (TLC), in which identification of bioactive compounds of ketapang pulp extract used UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that the ketapang fruit flesh extract was toxic to Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae. The most toxic was ethyl acetate extract, with an LC50 value was 17,171 ppm. The phytochemicals screening showed that ethyl acetate extract of the ketapang fruit flesh contained flavonoid, alkaloid, phenolic, terpenoid, and saponin compounds. Tracing using UV-Vis shows the presence of conjugated double bonds which refer to flavonoid compounds, as well as the IR spectrum which indicates the presence of a typical functional group of flavonoid compounds

Continuous Improvement of Total Quality Management in Arabica Coffee Quality Improvement and Control in Brebes Regency

The efforts of the Brebes Regency Government to provide added value to the coffee business have shown very significant progress. This is evidenced by the community's ability to convert cherry coffee, which costs IDR. 5,000/kg, into downstream green bean products, which have a very high price, which is around IDR. 190,000/kg. Although it has been able to carry out downstream processes, these activities still leave problems in quality control and standardization. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct more comprehensive research on the standardization and quality control of this Brebes Arabica coffee. This research was conducted with an action research approach in the form of applying the use of sorting process tools, using water content measuring devices, counseling on good harvesting methods, using simple greenhouse technology, and drying with a heating oven. The object of this research is the “Tani Subur” group in Gucci Dawuhan Village, Sirampog District, Brebes Regency. Data collection using techniques: semi-structured interviews, observations, and questionnaires. Based on research, the combination of technology improvement and quality control of the drying process with a greenhouse and oven produces high quality and standardized raw materials with moisture content below 12%. Standardized raw material control produces green bean products that are intact and not broken and have standard sizes. The results also show that standardized and high-quality green bean products are attractive to consumers.Keywords: Total Quality Management; Continuous Improvement; Quality Control; Quality standardizatio

SYNTHESIS OF 6-NITRO VERATRYL ALCOHOL AND 6-NITRO VERATRALDOXIM FROM VANILIN AS INTERMEDIATES FOR THE PREPARATION OF C-9154 ANTIBIOTIC DERVATIVES

The synthesis of 6-nitro veratryl alcohol and 6-nitro veratraldoxim from vanilin which was required as intermediates for the preparation of C-9154 antibiotic derivatives was carried out. C-9154 antibiotic is a sufficiently potent antibiotic, but so far this is produced only in low yields through microbiological processes. The reaction steps performed were (1) methylation of vanilin, (2) nitration of the methylation product, (3) reduction of the corresponding nitro compound and (4) reaction of the nitration product with HO-NH2.HCl. Methylation of vanilin was conducted using dimethylsulfate and NaOH at 60 oC for 2 hours. Nitration of the methylation product was performed in 2 methods, i.e. using neat HNO3 and using a mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 both at 5 oC for 2 hours. Reduction of the nitration product was conducted using NaBH4 either at room temperature and at reflux. Reaction of the nitration product with HO-NH2.HCl was carried out in ethanol 95% at 50 oC for 2 hours. The products were analyzed by means of TLC, GC, IR, 1H NMR and GC-MS spectrometers. The methylation of vanilin gave 87.7% yield of veratraldehyde which was found as a white crystal (m.p 43 oC). The nitration of veratraldehyde produced 6-nitro veratraldehyde observed as a yellow crystal having of m.p. 130 oC. Nitration using neat HNO3 gave a smaller yield (50.35%) of 6-nitro veratraldehyde than nitration with a mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4 (93.63%). Reduction of 6-nitro veratraldehyde using NaBH4 at room temperature and at reflux afforded 6-nitro veratryl alcohol which was found as brown crystal (m.p 123-127 oC) respectively in 13.47% and 56.61%. This reduction also produced 6-amino veratryl alcohol and 3,4-dimethoxy benzoic zcid as by products. 6-Nitro veratraldehyde reacts with HO-NH2.HCl to give 6-nitro veratraldoxim in 48.27% yield.   Keywords: antibiotics, veratril alcohol, veratraldoxim vanili

Phytochemicals and toxicity of ketapang fruit flesh (Terminalia catappa. Linn) using the BSLT method

Ketapang is widely used in traditional medicine. Parts of ketapang plant, such as roots, leaves, and bark, are known to have biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. However, no biological activity has been reported on the flesh of the ketapang fruit. This research was conducted to obtain phytochemicals and toxicity information of ketapang fruit flesh as an anticancer medicine. Toxicity indicates the potential for a chemical compound to cause damage to living organisms, while phytochemicals indicate a group of compounds that have biological activity. Extraction of ketapang fruit flesh was carried out using various solvents, both polar and non-polar solvents, methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. The toxicity test used the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method, while phytochemicals tests used the thin layer chromatography (TLC), in which identification of bioactive compounds of ketapang pulp extract used UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that the ketapang fruit flesh extract was toxic to Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae. The most toxic was ethyl acetate extract, with an LC50 value was 17,171 ppm. The phytochemicals screening showed that ethyl acetate extract of the ketapang fruit flesh contained flavonoid, alkaloid, phenolic, terpenoid, and saponin compounds. Tracing using UV-Vis shows the presence of conjugated double bonds which refer to flavonoid compounds, as well as the IR spectrum which indicates the presence of a typical functional group of flavonoid compounds

Anti-cervical Cancer Test of the Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Terminalia catappa Linn Fruit Flesh against HeLa Cells

The ethyl acetate fraction from methanol extract of ketapang (Terminalia catappa Linn) fruit flesh has anti-cancer potential. Therefore, this study aims to obtain the active anti-cervical cancer agent from the ethyl acetate fraction of ketapang fruit flesh’s methanol extract. The first step carried out was fractionation of the ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract using gravity column chromatography with an eluent of ethyl acetate: chloroform: glacial acetic acid (1:8:1). The second step was a toxicity test on fractions produced from column chromatography. The third step was the test of secondary metabolite and anti-cancer activity of fraction possessing the highest toxicity to Artemia salina Leach. Fractionation of the concentrated ethyl acetate fraction by column chromatography, yielded seven subfractions (F1-F7). Furthermore, the cytotoxic test on A. salinaLeach shrimp larvae generated the following LC50 data from the 1st to 7th subfraction in a row, namely 566.2814 ppm, 87.9077 ppm, 216.6232 ppm, 566.2814 ppm, 560, 6647 ppm, 279.9213 ppm, and 194.6674 ppm.  The most active subfraction is fraction 2 which have two groups of positive compounds, i.e. phenolics and saponins were obtained from the secondary metabolite test. Data from the infrared spectroscopy performed showed the presence of groups –OH, C-H aromatic, C=O carbonyl, C=C aromatic, C=C alkene, C-H aliphatic, C-H alkane, and C-O. The value of the anti-cancer activity of fraction 2 was IC50 = 165.37 ppm, which was included in the fairly active category as an anti-cervical cancer agent

PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI DAN KEBERLANJUTAN USAHA UKM PENGOLAHAN IKAN AIR TAWAR KABUPATEN BANYUMAS

The downstream freshwater fishery industry in the form of fish processing has great potential to improve the welfare of the community. In addition to providing added value to fishery products, fish processing is one of the underarm solutions for excess production of aquaculture products. Fish processing producers in the form of Nila Crispy in Banyumas Regency are often overwhelmed by serving consumers' demands because of limited production capacity. In addition to productivity problems, there are weaknesses in business management aspects, especially the management of supply chains and raw material inventories. Approach methods offered to solve these problems, namely by providing business management training, supply chain management training, procurement and training in the use of efficient and technology-efficient production process tools, such as high-pressure cookers, spinners and large capacity pans. This approach method is able to increase production capacity to 40% or equivalent to 24.5 kgs of product or 30.8 kgs of raw materials per week from the previous capacity of 17.5 kgs of product or 22 kgs of raw material per week.Keywords: Production Capacity, downstream industry, productivity, added valu

Phytochemicals and toxicity of ketapang fruit flesh (Terminalia catappa. Linn) using the BSLT method

Ketapang is widely used in traditional medicine. Parts of ketapang plant, such as roots, leaves, and bark, are known to have biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. However, no biological activity has been reported on the flesh of the ketapang fruit. This research was conducted to obtain phytochemicals and toxicity information of ketapang fruit flesh as an anticancer medicine. Toxicity indicates the potential for a chemical compound to cause damage to living organisms, while phytochemicals indicate a group of compounds that have biological activity. Extraction of ketapang fruit flesh was carried out using various solvents, both polar and non-polar solvents, methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. The toxicity test used the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method, while phytochemicals tests used the thin layer chromatography (TLC), in which identification of bioactive compounds of ketapang pulp extract used UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed that the ketapang fruit flesh extract was toxic to Artemia salina Leach shrimp larvae. The most toxic was ethyl acetate extract, with an LC50 value was 17,171 ppm. The phytochemicals screening showed that ethyl acetate extract of the ketapang fruit flesh contained flavonoid, alkaloid, phenolic, terpenoid, and saponin compounds. Tracing using UV-Vis shows the presence of conjugated double bonds which refer to flavonoid compounds, as well as the IR spectrum which indicates the presence of a typical functional group of flavonoid compounds

PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI ROASTED COFFEE DAN KUALITAS GREEN BEANS COFFEE DI KABUPATEN BREBES (Suatu Agenda Kegiatan)

The coffee agribusiness activity of Brebes Regency in recent years has increased rapidly. In 2015 the coffee production of Brebes Regency reached 61.61 tons, in 2016 it increased to 201.65 tons and in 2017 it increased again to 495.6 tons. In Gucci, Dawuhan Village in 2010 stood the "Tani Subur" group. Currently, the processing of cherry coffee into green bean coffee is still focused on the quantity aspect. For other aspects such as hygiene, GMP, quality of raw materials, quality of processes, product quality, management aspects, institutional aspects and other aspects are still a lot of attention. Because they do not have proper roasting and grinding tools, people sell almost 90% in the form of green beans. Therefore, it is necessary to do an activity in an effort to increase the production capacity of roasted coffee household grade to industrial scale, increase the capacity of the process of grinding roasted coffee into ground coffee, increase quality control of raw materials, increase in process control, increase the quality of finish good green coffee and ground coffee, and increased management and administrative capabilities of the production process. The method used is counseling and training by experts on the importance of quality control of raw materials, quality control of raw materials, training in process control, training in finishing good green bean coffee and ground coffee, and procurement of equipment in the form of roasting machines and grinding machines.Keywords: Coffee cultivation; roasted coffee; green bean coffee; coffee productio