A Study on Multi-Functional Oilfield Production Chemicals for Scale, Corrosion and Gas Hydrates

Oilfield production chemistry is a wide field which includes many different areas and related difficulties. In this work, focus is on mitigating scale, corrosion, and gas hydrates using chemical inhibitors. Production lines often require chemical treatment for several problems simultaneously, which may cause incompatibility issues. The development of multi-functional inhibitors is based on the idea of treating all three issues simultaneously and avoiding incompatibility. As a part of this development, the ability to test the corrosion inhibition of a compound was paramount. Using the Gamry EuroCell Electrochemical Cell a CO2 corrosion testing method was reviewed and optimized to reduce deviation and increase replicability. The optimized method was used to test various compounds to investigate which functional groups that could be interesting to include in future inhibitor syntheses. The major results found from this testing were that 500 ppm of a commercial imidazoline exhibited a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 85.4±2.2 %, and that none of the synergists by themselves tested achieved higher efficiency. The compound with highest efficiency was found to be sodium lignosulfonate which exhibited an efficiency of 95.9±1.6 %. An experimental polymer based on polymaleic anhydride reacted with 3,3-dibutylaminopropylamine (DBAPA) and vinylcaprolactam (VCap), abbreviated PMA:VCap-DBAPA, was tested as a CI, both by itself and with various synergists. While the polymer by itself at 500 ppm exhibited an efficiency of 18.1±6.6 %, this was increased to above 90 % by the addition of five separate synergists at 100 ppm, of which the highest was ammonium thiocyanate at 96.0±1.5 %. Overall, synergists with thiol functional groups seemed to generally provide good synergism with PMA:VCap-DBAPA. While synergists with functional groups embedded within a ring structure generally provided poor synergism with PMA:VCap-DBAPA. Two other projects to synthesise polymers with multi-functional character were also carried out. The synthesis of poly(1-oxy-3-lactam vinylene) was successful for polyoxyvinylcaprolactam (POVCap) and polyoxyvinylpiperidone (POVPip). Copolymers of POVCap and POVPip were tested as corrosion and gas hydrate inhibitors. It was found that a copolymer of 36 % POVCap and 64 % POVPip exhibited a hydrate onset temperature of 11.6±0.1 ºC, and corrosion inhibition efficiency of 15.4±3.6 % for pure POVPip. While corrosion results were somewhat higher for copolymers at different ratios, the increased efficiency is likely due to the insoluble part of copolymers with a high molar fraction of OVCap. None of the synergists tested managed to achieve a similar synergism with POVCap as with other polymeric caprolactam containing kinetic gas hydrate inhibitors. Finally, the synthesis of hyperbranched polyamine containing imidazolidine rings based on a publication from a Chinese group was unsuccessful. Many attempts were made with different variations of the synthesis, but none were found to produce the described product

The Magic of the Multiverse: Easter Eggs, Superhuman Beings, and Metamodernism in Marvel’s Story Worlds

publishedVersio

Children and teachers engaging together with digital technology in early childhood education and care institutions: a literature review

The purpose of this literature review is to identify patterns and discuss key perspectives from empirical studies published during the last decade that explore how young children (birth to six years old) and teachers together engage with digital technologies in early childhood education and care institutions. An inductive thematic analysis results in five key perspectives: 1) digital play is real play; 2) disconnected contexts; 3) teachers’ knowledge and beliefs; 4) learning with and from technology; and 5) children as creators. The findings demonstrate the importance of defining digital technology in a broad way. Further, several of the articles highlight teachers’ reflections and judgements regarding how they can implement and embed digital technology into their pedagogical practice. Based on the findings, I suggest that a more explicit focus on digital technology be embedded into pedagogical practice in national ECEC curricula, as well as in national guidelines for EC teacher education.publishedVersio

“We Need Sound Too!” Children and Teachers Creating Multimodal Digital Stories Together

In most contemporary societies there is broad access to a range of digital technologies. However, in the current debate concerning digital technology in early childhood education and care institutions (ECEC), digital technologies are often referred to merely as screens. This paper contributes to the current research by exploring the technology-mediated creation process when groups of young children (age 4–5) create multimodal digital stories in collaboration with a teacher. The theoretical perspectives informing the study are technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) and professional digital competence. The study is a qualitative multiple-case study with two cases. The empirical material consists of video observations of the creation processes, which have been analysed inductively. The analysis shows that recording sound and sharing are the most important for the children. Further, the technology-mediated creation process is characterised by a complex interplay of non-digital and digital activities in which the teachers’ professional digital competence is an important factor.publishedVersio

The Vestal Nun: The Afterlife and Reception of Vestal Virgins in Art and Literature in Late Antiquity and After

This article traces some strands of the reception of Vestal Virgins from Late Antiquity through the Middle Ages and to the modern era. An in-depth study of all available sources is beyond the scope of this article, but a survey of some popular and often widely diffused texts from these periods may give us an indication of the “afterlife” of the Vestal Virgins. The study starts by discussing some examples from different kinds of literature where the notion of the Vestal Virgins as “proximate others” to the virgins of the Church is encountered, before turning to the remarkable concept of incestum as a term specifically applied to describe the loss of sacred virgins’ virginity. The main argument is that the Vestal Virgins came to be irrevocably entangled with later conceptualisations of Christian virginity, and that the representation and reception of Vestal Virgins as “same but not-same” as Christian virgins played an important part in conveying these underlying comparative conceptualisations of the Vestals.publishedVersio

The Magic of the Multiverse: Easter Eggs, Superhuman Beings, and Metamodernism in Marvel’s Story Worlds.

Source at http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350321618>.Popular culture provides a fertile ground for a host of narratives, symbols, and characters known from history of religions. Dispersed and consumed on a multitude of new emerging media platforms, these narratives, symbols, and characters become ingredients in artistic processes of imagination and adaptation where religion can be played with in a variety of ways. In these processes of production, consumption, and engagement, there are high stakes, but they also create new room for exploring and combining humor and playfulness with awe and “great mystery” in ways that resonate with, but also contribute to contemporary cultural production of religion. Comics has been a very prolific medium in these processes (e.g., Chireau 2019; Clements and Gauvain 2014; Lewis 2014; Salazar 2020; Thomas 2012). In this chapter, I will look at three recent TV series from the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Like other MCU products, these series engage in complex intertextual story worlds based on the Marvel Comics where the protagonists originated. How do various narrative and literary devices, such as “Easter eggs,” multiverses, and contemporary cultural tendencies categorized under the term metamodernism, provide means for engagement and social bonds that are reminiscent of contemporary religious engagement? I am particularly interested in how these fictive story worlds open for larger narratives that explore non-empirical “truths” in a post-postmodern universe

På hvilken måte kan politiet bidra til å endre ungdommens holdning til rus?

Bachelor i politiutdannin

Market share in the Norwegian grocery sector : a study of internal factors that affect market share

Master thesis Business Administration BE501 - University of Agder 2016This thesis is an exploration of internal factors on headquarter level, on what effect market share. This thesis is based on the Norwegian grocery sector. The actors in the Norwegian grocery sector have over the years gotten fewer and fewer with bigger market share. All the factors independent variables have been written about by many scholars in some of the independent variables I have chosen to look at big international scholars but in other cases I have chosen the leading Norwegian scholar in the field. Like in the independent variable, franchising I have had my focus in the literature review on the leading Norwegian scholar Nilssen . Supplemented by other scholars. In my research on the literature review look at a Norwegian scholar I have the opportunity to look at local factors. From the quantitative analysis done I have been able to identify a few factors that are significant in relations to market share. The result on the umbrella level where better than on the concept level. These factors are informative for foreign firms that want to establish them self in this industry in Norway. These factors are also interesting for companies that challenges the way that the actors in the Norwegian grocery sector, actors that offer grocery’s online. All my findings are being reinforced by the scholars I have researched in my literature review which are making my thesis a stronger contribution to the academia

An animated story created by a group of young children

This paper contributes to the contemporary focus on literacy and digital stories in early childhood education and care (ECEC) institutions. When a group of young children create an animated story together, they might collaborate, both with their peers and with their teacher. By drawing on social semiotic multimodal perspectives as the theoretical framework, the purpose of this paper is to describe and explore how different modalities and narrative devices contribute to the development of an animated story created by six children (aged 4-5 years) and a teacher in collaboration. The study is a qualitative case study, focusing on contemporary events in a Norwegian kindergarten. The empirical material consists of video-recorded field observations of the process as well as the final product. Through an inductive exploration of the development of verbal narrative, three analytical strands are identified: i) verbal narrative in the final product, ii) multimodal narrative in the final product, and iii) narrative devices applied by the children during the process. The findings demonstrate the importance of including and considering the process, the product, narrative devices and all the modalities—in particular the kineikonic mode—when creating an animated story with young children. An implication of these findings is for ECE teachers and researchers to acknowledge and integrate all the various aspects that contribute to the final product when young children create animated stories.publishedVersio

Boligprisenes betydning for pengepolitikken i Norge, USA og Storbritannia

Denne utredningen omhandler temaet boligpriser sett i forhold til pengepolitikk. Vi har lagt mest vekt på å se hvordan ulike sentralbanker vektlegger boligpriser i sin pengepolitikk, hva som har skjedd i de ulike landene i perioder med spesielt sterk boligprisvekst og hvilke konsekvenser dette har fått for økonomien. I innledningen viser vi hva som ligger til grunn for å skrive en utredning om dette temaet. Dagens situasjon i boligmarkedet tilsier at det er sannsynlig at en boligboble er i utvikling i Norge og USA, og at det derfor er grunn til å være oppmerksomme. Dette vet vi fra tidligere erfaringer, hvor sprekk i boligmarkedet kan få store makroøkonomiske konsekvenser. Deretter behandler vi teorien om pengepolitikk, med særlig vekt på boligprisenes betydning. Vi ser på hva som driver boligpriser, og hvordan disse virker inn på det økonomiske aktivitetsnivået. I tillegg gir vi en kort innføring av hvordan vi oppfatter ulike sentralbankers vektlegging av boligprisene, og om det er behov for mer aktivisme i den forbindelse. I kapittel 3 foretar vi en analyse av tre land; Norge, Storbritannia og USA, hvor vi sammenlikner en rekke økonomiske forhold. Vi har valgt å se på perioder hvor boligprisveksten har vært svært sterk innenfor tidsrommet 1985-2005, og hvilken effekt dette fikk i tiden etterpå. Det har vært satt fokus på om det er sammenheng mellom boligprisutviklingen og produksjonsgapet, samt andre sentrale økonomiske variabler, og ikke minst hvordan sentralbankene har reagert med sin pengepolitikk. Til slutt kommer vi med noen kommentarer på hva vi har funnet frem til ut fra analysen, og hvordan utsiktene for fremtiden er i forhold til om dagens sterke boligprisvekst kan tenkes å få alvorlige konsekvenser. Våre beregninger tyder på at boligprisene er en ledende indikator for konsumvekst og produksjonsgap, spesielt i Storbritannia og Norge. Vi argumenterer for at boligprisene med fordel bør være tillagt signifikant vekt i pengepolitikken