129 research outputs found
Towards Robotic On-Orbit Assembly of Large Space Telescopes: Mission Architectures, Concepts, and Analyses
- Author
- Publication venue
- International Astronautical Federation
- Publication date
- Field of study
Over the next two decades, unprecedented astronomy missions could be enabled by space telescopes larger than the James Webb Space Telescope. Commercially, large aperture space-based imaging systems will enable a new generation of Earth Observation missions for both science and surveillance programs. However, launching and operating such large telescopes in the extreme space environment poses practical challenges. One of the key design challenges is that very large mirrors (i.e. apertures larger than 3m) cannot be monolithically manufactured and, instead, a segmented design must be utilized to achieve primary mirror sizes of up to 100m. Even if such large primary mirrors could be made, it is impossible to stow them in the fairings of current and planned launch vehicles, e.g., SpaceX’s Starship reportedly has a 9m fairing diameter. Though deployment of a segmented telescope via a folded-wing design (as done with the James Webb Space Telescope) is one approach to overcoming this volumetric challenge, it is considered unfeasible for large apertures such as the 25m telescope considered in this study. Parallel studies conducted by NASA indicate that robotic on-orbit assembly (OOA) of these observatories offers the possibility, surprisingly, of reduced cost and risk for smaller telescopes rather than deploying them from single launch vehicles but this is not proven. Thus, OOA of large aperture astronomical and Earth Observation telescopes is of particular interest to various space agencies and commercial entities. In a new partnership with Surrey Satellite Technology Limited and Airbus Defence and Space, the Surrey Space Centre is developing the capability for autonomous robotic OOA of large aperture segmented telescopes. This paper presents the concept of operation and mission analysis for OOA of a 25m aperture telescope operating in the visible waveband of the electromagnetic spectrum; telescopes of this size will be of much value as it would permit 1m spatial resolution of a location on Earth from geostationary orbit. Further, the conceptual evaluation of robotically assembling 2m and 5m telescopes will be addressed; these missions are envisaged as essential technology demonstration precursors to the 25m imaging system
Brief psychological therapies for anxiety and depression in primary care: meta-analysis and meta-regression
- Author
- A Hemmings
- A Hemmings
- A Roth
- A Smit
- A Van Schaik
- AC Butler
- AIF Scott
- AJ Lang
- B Bortolotti
- B Schreuders
- B Wickberg
- BD Wright
- C Brown
- C Dowrick
- C Scott
- Craig Whittington
- D Boot
- D Ekers
- D Goldberg
- D Lynch
- DA Regier
- DJ Lynch
- DM Clark
- DM Sharp
- DM Sharp
- E Kahler
- E Kaltenthaler
- E Ward
- ESEMeD/MHEDEA 2000 Investigators
- G Knapp
- GR Willemse
- H Brodaty
- HC Schulberg
- HC Schulberg
- I Harvey
- I Marks
- J Catalan
- J Das-Munshi
- J Gellatly
- J Higgins
- J Higgins
- J Prendegast
- J Teasdale
- JE Barrett
- JM Holden
- John Cape
- JW Williams
- K Friedli
- K Friedli
- K Kvaal
- KG Power
- KG Power
- KG Power
- KL Honey
- L Earll
- Lisa Underwood
- LM Mynors-Wallis
- LM Mynors-Wallis
- M Balestrieri
- M Borenstein
- M Egger
- M Hamilton
- M Hamilton
- M Hansson
- M Ross
- Marta Buszewicz
- MH Robson
- N Grey
- NJ Wiles
- NJ Wolf
- P Bower
- P Cuijpers
- Paul Wallace
- R Layard
- RC Kessler
- RC Kessler
- RV Thomas
- S Duval
- S Gilbody
- S McManus
- S Simpson
- Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network
- SG Hofmann
- SL Liu
- StataCorp
- T Kendrick
- The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium
- V Spek
- W Drew
- WB Stiles
- WR Lindsay
- Publication venue
- BioMed Central
- Publication date
- 01/01/2010
- Field of study
Psychological therapies provided in primary care are usually briefer than in secondary care. There has been no recent comprehensive review comparing their effectiveness for common mental health problems. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of different types of brief psychological therapy administered within primary care across and between anxiety, depressive and mixed disorders
Postoperative outcomes in oesophagectomy with trainee involvement
- Author
- A A Syed
- A Ahmad
- A Ahmed
- A Al-Bahrani
- A Ariyarathenam
- A Athanasiou
- A Azizian
- A Bagajevas
- A Bastidas
- A Bekele
- A Bianchi
- A Boddy
- A C Berger
- A C Pinho
- A Charalabopoulos
- A Chaudry
- A Crnjac
- A Da Roit
- A Davies
- A Dingle
- A E Racu
- A Elhadi
- A Elshaer
- A Fekadu
- A G Rendo
- A Gjata
- A Gordon
- A Guner
- A H Memon
- A Harris
- A Hindmarsh
- A Isaza-Restrepo
- A Isik
- A Kechagias
- A Kennedy
- A Kordzadeh
- A M Correia
- A M Leon-Takahashi
- A MacCormick
- A Macdonald
- A Mastrosimone
- A Michalinos
- A Naeem
- A O Shebani
- A Odera
- A Owera
- A P Ainswort
- A Pagan Pomar
- A Pazdro
- A Powell
- A Quinn
- A Raza
- A Reece-Smith
- A Rosat Rodrigo
- A S Sampaio
- A Sarela
- A Schnider
- A Shabbir
- A Shehzadi
- A Singh
- A T Arndt
- A Tamhankar
- A Tizazu
- A Turkyilmaz
- A U Qureshi
- A van der Veen
- A Wajid
- A Wyman
- B Brandt
- B Byrne
- B Chan
- B E Baki
- B Grace
- B Jefferies
- B Johnston
- B Kidane
- B Klarenbeek
- B Knight
- B Lorenzi
- B Morten
- B Nega
- B P L Wijnhoven
- B Salmaso
- B Sevin??
- B Sgromo
- B Smith
- B Stoica
- B Tan
- B Wallner
- C A De Pasqual
- C B ?? S??illeabh??in
- C Baban
- C Baker
- C Ball
- C Bolca
- C Cabalag
- C Cetares
- C Choh
- C Ciubotaru
- C Ciuce
- C Ciuce
- C Collins
- C Cords
- C Craig
- C D Scott
- C D??az L??pez
- C Duong
- C Ekwunife
- C Kelty
- C Krautz
- C Loureiro
- C MacKay
- C Magad??n ??lvarez
- C Mickael
- C Monteiro
- C Mosse
- C Rosman
- C S Vicente
- C Sharp
- C Tinoco Carrasco
- C V Obleaga
- C W Seder
- D Alderson
- D AlShehab
- D Balalis
- D Beardsmore
- D Bennett
- D Bernardi
- D Chan
- D Gunji??
- D Hunter
- D K Manatakis
- D Khoo
- D Mayo
- D Mitton
- D Mukherjee
- D Nepogodiev
- D Nepogodiev
- D P Korkolis
- D P S??nchez
- D Predescu
- D Raptis
- D Reim
- D Schizas
- D Sekhniaidze
- D Theodorou
- D W Kjaer
- D Worku
- D Zanotti
- E A Griffiths
- E A Griffiths
- E A Griffiths
- E Alghunaim
- E Asti
- E Baili
- E Beenen
- E Cheong
- E Choolani Bhojwani
- E Colak
- E Kurnaz
- E L Rosato
- E McLaughlin
- E Mwachiro
- E Okolo
- E P G Santos
- E T Mart??nez
- E Teferra
- E Theophilidou
- F A Elnagar
- F Albadawi
- F Allison
- F Arias-Am??zquita
- F Cabral
- F Di Maggio
- F Gonzalez
- F Lindberg
- F Palazzo
- F R Takeda
- F Rashid
- F van Workum
- F Vargas-Barato
- F Yanni
- G Albanese
- G Beban
- G Blackshaw
- G Bouras
- G Bromley
- G Bryce
- G Buduhan
- G Chmielewski
- G Darling
- G De Manzoni
- G Dobson
- G Emons
- G Fullarton
- G Ga??evski
- G Kim
- G Rosero
- G Sanders
- G van Boxel
- G Weber
- H A Ahmed
- H A Mahendran
- H Ben-Younes
- H Brewer
- H Bui
- H C Aik
- H F Elnagar
- H Faltova
- H Golcher
- H H Ahmed
- H Khizer
- H Liem
- H Matos
- H Medina-Franco
- H N L Basave
- H Samo
- H Sue Ling
- H Warrilow
- I A Makey
- I Cecconello
- I Cordos
- I D??ez del Val
- I D??ez del Val
- I Ganjara
- I Gockel
- I Ivanovski
- I Khan
- I Kruhlikava
- I Martijnse
- I Mohamed
- I Mohamed
- I Nasir
- I Negoi
- I Noaman
- I Wilson
- J A Martinez Corcoles
- J A P Ferrer
- J B Y So
- J Barbosa
- J Bennett
- J Bolger
- J Bundred
- J Bundred
- J Couch
- J D Mitchell
- J D S Coelho
- J Eckardt
- J El Kafsi
- J F Videira
- J Farmanali
- J Fergusson
- J Freire
- J G??mez-Mayorga
- J Gaedcke
- J Gokhale
- J Gossage
- J Gossage
- J Gossage
- J H Egberts
- J Hayden
- J Hedberg
- J Heisterkamp
- J Hesse
- J Hodson
- J Hodson
- J Holm
- J I Moreno
- J I Rossaak
- J Izbicki
- J J B van Lanschot
- J J Reilly
- J L Rodicio Miravalles
- J Leite
- J M Ram??n
- J Mart??n Fern??ndez
- J Ortega
- J P Ruurda
- J Padickakudi
- J R M da Rocha
- J Reynolds
- J S Azagra
- J S Kauppila
- J Saarnio
- J Salim
- J Spillane
- J Vickers
- J W van den Berg
- J Ward
- J Weindelmayer
- J Willem
- J Yeung
- K Akbari
- K Akhtar
- K Dawas
- K E Okonta
- K Exarchou
- K Ishii
- K Loi
- K M I Pal
- K McCormack
- K Patel
- K Pursnani
- K Robertson
- K Shaikh
- K Siaw- Acheampong
- K Supramaniam
- K Wanigasooriya
- L Bonavina
- L C Tan
- L Castilla
- L E P??rez S??nchez
- L F Wong
- L Humphreys
- L Ioannidi
- L Mej??a-Fern??ndez
- L Nino-Torres
- L Provenzano
- L R Lopes
- L S Alvarez
- L Saadeh
- L Sartarelli
- L Tan
- L Volovnik
- L Walls
- L Watson
- M A C??tores Pascual
- M A Noor
- M Abdulrahman
- M Agasiev
- M Baig
- M Bail??n Cuadrado
- M Beuran
- M Bjelovi??
- M Cervellera
- M Cowen
- M Cox
- M Dal Cero
- M Devadas
- M E Ahmed
- M Ebeling
- M Elhadi
- M Forshaw
- M H Jhanzaib
- M H Larsen
- M Haris
- M J Fern??ndez D??az
- M J Liptay
- M J Weyant
- M Johnson
- M K Karush
- M Kelly
- M M A Alasmar
- M M Hennessy
- M Migliore
- M Moreno Gij??n
- M Mpoura
- M Mwachiro
- M Niihara
- M P Achiam
- M P Cerdeira
- M P Gomes
- M Pera
- M Pineda
- M Read
- M Reeh
- M Richardson
- M Rico
- M Ruteg??rd
- M S Trugeda Carrera
- M Saad
- M Scarpa
- M Schiller
- M Sevcikova
- M Shrotri
- M Siemsen
- M Singh
- M Snajdauf
- M Sousa
- M Sundbom
- M Talbot
- M Terashima
- M Tez
- M Thomas
- M Thorsteinsson
- M Vallve-Bernal
- M Valmasoni
- M Verstegen
- M Veselinovi??
- M W Hii
- M Wadley
- M Wilson
- M Yacob
- M Young
- M Z Sarwar
- N A Andreollo
- N Abbassi
- N Akkapulu
- N Blencowe
- N Carter
- N Colucci
- N Cort??s
- N Damburaci
- N Das
- N Davies
- N Donlon
- N Evenett
- N Katballe
- N Khalil
- N Kreuser
- N M Stilling
- N Maynard
- N Ravi
- N Slim
- N Tewari
- N To
- O Karahan
- O M Fisher
- O McAnena
- O Moussa
- O Shakeel
- O Tucker
- P A Hoara
- P B Mortensen
- P C Lau
- P C Martins
- P Carroll
- P Davis
- P Jain
- P Jambulingam
- P Johnston
- P K Hsu
- P M Schneider
- P Manby
- P McQuillan
- P Mistry
- P Patil
- P Pucher
- P Ramos
- P Safranek
- P Shea
- P Singh
- P Singh
- P Singh
- P Singh
- P Turner
- P V Campos
- P W Soon
- P Wilkerson
- R A A Sallum
- R A Meguid
- R Ackroyd
- R Apostu
- R Babor
- R Bardini
- R Bassari
- R Berrisford
- R Blanco
- R Brown
- R Byrom
- R C T Costa
- R Casaca
- R Chaparala
- R Cort??s-Gonz??lez
- R D Birla
- R da Silva
- R Drasovean
- R E White
- R Evans
- R Gruetzmann
- R Guevara Castro
- R H Sayyed
- R Hardwick
- R Iqbal
- R Jacobs
- R Kennedy
- R Koshy
- R La Mendola
- R Makuuchi
- R Matthijsen
- R McGregor
- R Melhado
- R Nijjar
- R P T Evans
- R P T Evans
- R P T Evans
- R Patel
- R R Scurtu
- R Singhal
- R Skipworth
- R Tomsa
- R van Hillegersberg
- R van Hillegersberg
- R van Hillegersberg
- R Verma
- R Vohra
- R Vohra
- R Vohra
- R Walker
- R Yildirim
- R Young
- R Zheng
- S A Naqi
- S A Pais
- S A Turienzo
- S B A Qudus
- S Bianchini
- S Bouwense
- S Caceres
- S Cheah
- S Constantinoiu
- S Dexter
- S Dikinis
- S Duarte
- S Dwerryhouse
- S Elmahi
- S Er
- S Gananadha
- S Giacopuzzi
- S Gutknecht
- S Higgs
- S Hornby
- S Iftikhar
- S Jaunoo
- S K Kamarajah
- S K Kamarajah
- S K Kamarajah
- S Kapoulas
- S Khattak
- S Kumar
- S Leturio
- S Leturio
- S M Lagarde
- S M??nig
- S McCain
- S McKay
- S McKay
- S Mehta
- S Mercer
- S Merigliano
- S Meril??inen
- S Mukherjee
- S Niebisch
- S Oglesby
- S Paitici
- S Powell-Brett
- S Puig
- S Rif??
- S S Garc??a
- S S Mogoanta
- S Srinathan
- S T Makkai-Popa
- S Thanninalai
- S Triantafyllou
- S Turkyilmaz
- S Vaccari
- S Ward
- T Amalesh
- T B Tirnaksiz
- T Babi??
- T Braga
- T C Beltr??n-Garc??a
- T Dzhendov
- T Gilbert
- T H Wiggins
- T Harustiak
- T Havard
- T Ingemann
- T Irino
- T J Huei
- T Liakakos
- T Murphy
- T Palser
- T S Chin
- T Thorpe
- T Underwood
- T Wheatley
- T Whitehouse
- T Wright
- T Yunrong
- U Boecher
- V Concepci??n Mart??n
- V Koivukangas
- V Menon
- V Negoita
- V Shetty
- V Shneider
- V Sujendran
- V Tercioti
- V Tonini
- V Wills
- V Wong
- W A Jansen
- W Al Khyatt
- W B Robb
- W H Allum
- W Lewis
- X Escofet
- Y K S Viswanath
- Y Tsubosa
- Z Afzal
- Z Butt
- Z U Mirza
- Z Zakir
- Publication venue
- 'Oxford University Press (OUP)'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: The complexity of oesophageal surgery and the significant risk of morbidity necessitates that oesophagectomy is predominantly performed by a consultant surgeon, or a senior trainee under their supervision. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of trainee involvement in oesophagectomy on postoperative outcomes in an international multicentre setting. METHODS: Data from the multicentre Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Study Group (OGAA) cohort study were analysed, which comprised prospectively collected data from patients undergoing oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer between April 2018 and December 2018. Procedures were grouped by the level of trainee involvement, and univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to compare patient outcomes across groups. RESULTS: Of 2232 oesophagectomies from 137 centres in 41 countries, trainees were involved in 29.1 per cent of them (n = 650), performing only the abdominal phase in 230, only the chest and/or neck phases in 130, and all phases in 315 procedures. For procedures with a chest anastomosis, those with trainee involvement had similar 90-day mortality, complication and reoperation rates to consultant-performed oesophagectomies (P = 0.451, P = 0.318, and P = 0.382, respectively), while anastomotic leak rates were significantly lower in the trainee groups (P = 0.030). Procedures with a neck anastomosis had equivalent complication, anastomotic leak, and reoperation rates (P = 0.150, P = 0.430, and P = 0.632, respectively) in trainee-involved versus consultant-performed oesophagectomies, with significantly lower 90-day mortality in the trainee groups (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Trainee involvement was not found to be associated with significantly inferior postoperative outcomes for selected patients undergoing oesophagectomy. The results support continued supervised trainee involvement in oesophageal cancer surgery
Host selection by an insect herbivore with spatially variable density dependence
- Author
- AA Agrawal
- AM Ellis
- B Roitberg
- BM Bolker
- BM Bolker
- D Emlen
- DA Fournier
- DH Headrick
- DH Headrick
- Donald R. Strong
- DR Cox
- E Alvarez-Cordero
- GR Valladares
- I Kaplan
- J Jaenike
- J Jaenike
- J Thompson
- JA Fordyce
- JM Ver Hoef
- JT Cronin
- L Blaustein
- M Auerbach
- MJ Fortin
- N Underwood
- P Mayhew
- PW Price
- R Goeden
- R Karban
- R Karban
- R Levins
- R Mitchell
- R Sibly
- RF Denno
- RJ Prokopy
- S Fretwell
- S Gripenberg
- SC Digweed
- TEX Miller
- TP Craig
- WC Wetzel
- William C. Wetzel
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/11/2015
- Field of study
Many species of phytophagous insects do not oviposit preferentially on plants that yield high offspring performance. One proposed explanation is that negatively density-dependent offspring performance would select for females that disperse eggs among plants to minimize competition. Recent work showing larval density dependence often varies substantially among plants suggests that ovipositing females should not only respond to the density of competitors but also to traits predictive of the strength of density dependence mediated by plants. In this study, we used field and greenhouse experiments to examine oviposition behavior in an insect herbivore that experiences density-dependent larval performance and variability in the strength of that density dependence among host-plant individuals. We found females moved readily among plants in the field and had strong preferences for plants that mediate weak offspring density dependence. Females, however, did not avoid plants with high densities of competitors, despite the fact that offspring performance declines steeply with density on most plants in natural populations. This means females minimize the effects of density dependence on their offspring by choosing plants that mediate only weak larval density dependence, not by choosing plants with low densities of competitors. Our results suggest that explaining the lack of positive preference-performance correlations in many systems may not be as simple as invoking density dependence. Resource selection behavior may depend not just on the presence or absence of density-dependent offspring performance but also on variation in the strength of offspring density dependence among sites within populations
Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19
- Author
- Abd Elghafar M. S.
- Abdel-Aziz M.
- Abdelrazik M.
- Abdollahi H.
- Abdullah T.
- Abecasis G. R.
- Abedalthagafi M.
- Abel L.
- Abernathy C.
- Abraheem A.
- Abul-Husn N. S.
- Acquilini D.
- Adams C.
- Adams E. L.
- Adams K.
- Adamsara A.
- Adanini O.
- Adeleye O.
- Adra D.
- Afilalo J.
- Afilalo M.
- Afolabi D.
- Afrasiabi Z.
- Agasou A.
- Agrawal S.
- Aguero D.
- Ahmad N.
- Ahmadi S.
- Ahmed A.
- Ahmed C.
- Akeroyd L.
- Akhtar M. N.
- Akinkugbe O.
- Aksentijevich A.
- Al-Afghani H.
- Al-Awdah L.
- Alaamery M.
- Alahmadey Z. Z.
- Alaverdian D.
- Alavere H.
- Albader A.
- Albaiceta G. M.
- Albakri J. K.
- AlBardis H.
- Albeladi M.
- Albesher N.
- Albrich W.
- AlDhawi N.
- Aldridge J.
- Aleagha A. E.
- Alexander P.
- Alfonso J.
- Alghamdi B.
- Alghamdi J.
- Ali A.
- Ali A.
- Ali I. A. M.
- Ali S.
- Aliannejad R.
- Aljawini N.
- AlJohani S.
- Alkwai S.
- Allan A.
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- Allan J.
- Alldis Z.
- Allen L.
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- Allen S.
- Allibone S.
- Allison K. S.
- Allos R.
- Ally S. M.
- AlMalik A.
- Almalki F.
- Almohammed I.
- Almutairi M.
- Alotaibi S.
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- Andolfo I.
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- Anemoli V.
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- Atkinson E. G.
- Attwood B.
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- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2–4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease
The James Webb Space Telescope Mission
- Author
- Abbott Randy
- Abell James S.
- Abernathy Mark
- Abney Faith E.
- Abraham John G.
- Abraham Roberto
- Abul-Huda Yasin M.
- Acton Scott
- Adams Cynthia K.
- Adams Evan
- Adler David S.
- Adriaensen Maarten
- Aguilar Jonathan Albert
- Ahmed Mansoor
- Ahmed Nasif S.
- Ahmed Tanjira
- Alarcon Rafael Ramos
- Albat Rüdeger
- Albert Loïc
- Alberts Stacey
- Aldridge David
- Allen Mary Marsha
- Allen Shaune S.
- Altenburg Martin
- Altunc Serhat
- Alvarez Jose Lorenzo
- Ambrose Leslie L.
- Anandakrishnan Satya M.
- Andersen Gregory C.
- Anderson Harry James
- Anderson Jay
- Anderson Kristen
- Anderson Sara M.
- Aprea Julio
- Archer Benita J.
- Arenberg Jonathan W.
- Argyriou Ioannis
- Arribas Santiago
- Artigau Étienne
- Arvai Amanda Rose
- Atcheson Paul
- Atkinson Charles B.
- Averbukh Jesse
- Aymergen Cagatay
- Bacinski John J.
- Baggett Wayne E.
- Bagnasco Giorgio
- Baker Lynn L.
- Balzano Vicki Ann
- Banks Kimberly A.
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- Álvarez-Márquez Javier
- Östlin Göran
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 10/04/2023
- Field of study
Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies,
expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling
for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least 4m.
With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000
people realized that vision as the 6.5m James Webb Space Telescope. A
generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of
the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the
scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000
team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image
quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief
history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing
program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite
detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space
Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure
Cognitive Bias Modification for paranoia (CBM-pa): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
- Author
- A Fenigstein
- A Mathews
- A Mathews
- Antonella Trotta
- AS Zigmond
- B Barrett
- BG Glaser
- Bryony Crane
- C Green
- C MacLeod
- C MacLeod
- CEL Green
- Christopher Meek
- CR May
- D Freeman
- D Freeman
- D Freeman
- D Freeman
- D Freeman
- D Freeman
- D Freeman
- D Freeman
- D Freeman
- D Wechsler
- Daniel Stahl
- DJ Castle
- DT Turner
- E Peters
- Emmanuelle Peters
- EuroQoL Group
- FK Goodwin
- G Haddock
- G Savulich
- G Savulich
- GA Lancaster
- GJ Devilly
- H Brown
- H Elkis
- H Waller
- H Waller
- I Boutron
- IA Cristea
- Ilvana Dzafic
- J Johnson
- J Os Van
- J Perez
- J Perälä
- J Ritchie
- J Yiend
- J Yiend
- JE Ware Jr
- Jenny Yiend
- JS Lee
- K Charmaz
- KJ Lester
- LS Hallion
- M Birchwood
- M Gaag van der
- M Kieser
- Margaret Heslin
- MB First
- MB Hamner
- MM Martin
- MW Eysenck
- Nora Baldus
- P Bower
- P Craig
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- Philip McGuire
- PS Appelbaum
- R Brooks
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- Publication venue
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- Publication date
- Field of study
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron is an immune escape variant with an altered cell entry pathway
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- Aanensen David M.
- Abraham Priyanka
- Abudahab Khalil
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- Zarebski Alex E.
- Zhang Peijun
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 31/08/2022
- Field of study
Vaccines based on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 are a cornerstone of the public health response to COVID-19. The emergence of hypermutated, increasingly transmissible variants of concern (VOCs) threaten this strategy. Omicron (B.1.1.529), the fifth VOC to be described, harbours multiple amino acid mutations in spike, half of which lie within the receptor-binding domain. Here we demonstrate substantial evasion of neutralization by Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 variants in vitro using sera from individuals vaccinated with ChAdOx1, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. These data were mirrored by a substantial reduction in real-world vaccine effectiveness that was partially restored by booster vaccination. The Omicron variants BA.1 and BA.2 did not induce cell syncytia in vitro and favoured a TMPRSS2-independent endosomal entry pathway, these phenotypes mapping to distinct regions of the spike protein. Impaired cell fusion was determined by the receptor-binding domain, while endosomal entry mapped to the S2 domain. Such marked changes in antigenicity and replicative biology may underlie the rapid global spread and altered pathogenicity of the Omicron variant
Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19
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- Zöllner S.
- Åsvold B.O.
- Publication venue
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Publication date
- 07/07/2022
- Field of study
Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease
Investigation of hospital discharge cases and SARS-CoV-2 introduction into Lothian care homes
- Author
- Aanensen David M.
- Abudahab Khalil
- Adams Alexander
- Adams Helen
- Afifi Safiah
- Aggarwal Dinesh
- Ahmad Shazaad SY.
- Aigrain Louise
- Alcolea-Medina Adela
- Alikhan Nabil-Fareed
- Allara Elias
- Amato Roberto
- Angyal Adrienn
- Annett Tara
- Aplin Stephen
- Ariani Cristina V.
- Asad Hibo
- Ash Amy
- Ashfield Paula
- Ashford Fiona
- Atkinson Laura
- Attwood Stephen W.
- Auckland Cressida
- Aydin Alp
- Baker David J.
- Baker Paul
- Balcazar Carlos E.
- Ball Jonathan
- Barrett Jeffrey C.
- Barrow Magdalena
- Barton Edward
- Bashton Matthew
- Bassett Andrew R.
- Batra Rahul
- Baxter Chris
- Bayzid Nadua
- Beaver Charlotte
- Beckett Angela H.
- Beckwith Shaun M.
- Bedford Luke
- Beer Robert
- Beggs Andrew
- Bellis Katherine L.
- Berry Louise
- Bertolusso Beatrice
- Best Angus
- Betteridge Emma
- Bibby David
- Bicknell Kelly
- Binns Debbie
- Birchley Alec
- Bird Paul W.
- Bishop Chloe
- Blacow Rachel
- Blakey Victoria
- Blane Beth
- Bolt Frances
- Bonfield James
- Bonner Stephen
- Bonsall David
- Boswell Tim
- Bosworth Andrew
- Bourgeois Yann
- Boyd Olivia
- Bradley Declan T.
- Breen Cassie
- Bresner Catherine
- Breuer Judith
- Bridgett Stephen
- Bronner Iraad F.
- Brooks Ellena
- Broos Alice
- Brown Julianne R.
- Bucca Giselda
- Buchan Sarah L.
- Buck David
- Bull Matthew
- Burns Phillipa J.
- Burton-Fanning Shirelle
- Byaruhanga Timothy
- Byott Matthew
- Campbell Sharon
- Carabelli Alessandro M.
- Cargill James S.
- Carlile Matthew
- Carvalho Sílvia F.
- Casey Anna
- Castigador Anibolina
- Catalan Jana
- Chalker Vicki
- Chaloner Nicola J.
- Chand Meera
- Chappell Joseph G.
- Charalampous Themoula
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- Xu-McCrae Li
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- Yebra Gonzalo
- Yew Wen C.
- Young Gregory R.
- Young Jamie
- Zarebski Alex E.
- Zhang Peijun
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 09/03/2023
- Field of study
Background
The first epidemic wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Scotland resulted in high case numbers and mortality in care homes. In Lothian, over one-third of care homes reported an outbreak, while there was limited testing of hospital patients discharged to care homes.
Aim
To investigate patients discharged from hospitals as a source of SARS-CoV-2 introduction into care homes during the first epidemic wave.
Methods
A clinical review was performed for all patients discharges from hospitals to care homes from 1st March 2020 to 31st May 2020. Episodes were ruled out based on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test history, clinical assessment at discharge, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data and an infectious period of 14 days. Clinical samples were processed for WGS, and consensus genomes generated were used for analysis using Cluster Investigation and Virus Epidemiological Tool software. Patient timelines were obtained using electronic hospital records.
Findings
In total, 787 patients discharged from hospitals to care homes were identified. Of these, 776 (99%) were ruled out for subsequent introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into care homes. However, for 10 episodes, the results were inconclusive as there was low genomic diversity in consensus genomes or no sequencing data were available. Only one discharge episode had a genomic, time and location link to positive cases during hospital admission, leading to 10 positive cases in their care home.
Conclusion
The majority of patients discharged from hospitals were ruled out for introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into care homes, highlighting the importance of screening all new admissions when faced with a novel emerging virus and no available vaccine
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