Caffeine as an indicator of estrogenic activity in source water

Caffeine has already been used as an indicator of anthropogenic impacts, especially the ones related to the disposal of sewage in water bodies. In this work, the presence of caffeine has been correlated with the estrogenic activity of water samples measured using the BLYES assay. After testing 96 surface water samples, it was concluded that caffeine can be used to prioritize samples to be tested for estrogenic activity in water quality programs evaluating emerging contaminants with endocrine disruptor activity.Caffeine has already been used as an indicator of anthropogenic impacts, especially the ones related to the disposal of sewage in water bodies. In this work, the presence of caffeine has been correlated with the estrogenic activity of water samples measur16818661869FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2008/57808-1 ; 2012/00303-0573894/2008-6This is a contribution of the INCTAA (FAPESP, proc. 2008/57808-1 and CNPq proc. 573894/2008-6). C.C.M. is grateful to FAPESP for the PhD fellowship (proc. 2012/00303-0)

Caminhos percorridos no mapa da portuguesificação: A Linguateca em perspectiva

This study evaluated the ecotoxicity of five dyes to freshwater organisms before and during their photo-Fenton degradation. EC50 (48 h) of the five tested dyes ranged from of 6.9 to >1000 mg L-1 for Daphnia similis. In the chronic tests IC50 (72 h) varied from 65 to >100 mg L-1 for Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and IC50 (8 days) from 0.5 to 410 mg L-1 for Ceriodaphnia dubia. Toxicity tests revealed that although the applied treatment was effective for decolorization of the dye, the partial mineralization may be responsible for the presence of degradation products which can be either more toxic than the original dye, as is the case of Vat Green 3 and Reactive Black 5, lead to initially toxic products which may be further degraded to non toxic products (acid Orange 7 and Food Red 17), or generate non toxic products as in the case of Food Yellow 3. The results highlighted the importance of assessing both acute and chronic toxicity tests of treated sample before effluent discharge. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Analysis of aromatic amines in surface waters receiving wastewater from a textile industry by liquid chromatographic with electrochemical detection

A high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) method with electrochemical detection (ED) was developed for the determination of benzidine, 3,3-dimethylbenzidine, o-toluidine and 3,3-dichlorobenzidine in the wastewater of the textile industry. The aromatic amines were eluted on a reversed phase column Shimadzu Shimpack C-18 using acetonitrile + ammonium acetate (1 x 10(-4) mol L-1) at a ratio 46: 54 v/v as mobile phase, pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1). The electrochemical oxidation of the aromatic amines exhibits well-defined peaks at a potential range of +0.45 to +0.78 V on a glassy carbon electrode. Optimum working potentials for amperometric detection were from 0.70 V to +1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Analytical curves for all the aromatic amines studied using the best experimental conditions present linear relationship from 1 x 10(-8) mol L-1 to 1.5 x 10(-5) mol L-1, r = 0.99965, n = 15. Detection limits of 4.5 nM (benzidine), 1.94 nM (o-toluidine), 7.69 nM (3,3-dimethylbenzidine), and 5.15 nM (3,3-dichlorobenzidine) were achieved, respectively. The detection limits were around 10 times lower than that verified for HPLC with ultra violet detection. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by the determination of benzidine in wastewater from the textile industry dealing with an azo dye processing plant

Degradation of metallophtalocyanine dye by combined processes of electrochemistry and photoelectrochemistry

Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of metallophtalocyanine reactive dye (turquoise blue 15) was performed using a Ti/TiO2 thin film photoanode prepared by sol-get method. Hundred percent of color removal and almost complete mineralization (95% at pH 2 and 85% at pH 8) where achieved after 6 h of photolectrocatalytic oxidation of 2.5 x 10(-5) mol L-1 AT15 dye in Na2SO4 mol L-1 under E = +1.2 V versus SCE. The method limitation occurs at dye concentration higher than 4 x 10-5 mol L-1, where the degradation rate becomes markedly slower. An important improvement in color removal and TOC reduction for 1 x 10(-3) mol L-1 metallophtalocyanine dye was achieved using a combined process. After 4 h of potential controlled electrolysis at -1.2 V on a cathode of platinum followed by 6 h of photoelectrocatalytic oxidation leads to 100% of color removal and 83% of TOC decay and eletrodeposition of 69% of the released copper originally presented as copperphtalocyanine complex, by electrodeposition on the cathode without any other treatment. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Pesticides in brazilian freshwaters: a critical review

The widespread use of pesticides in agriculture can lead to water contamination and cause adverse effects on non-target organisms. Brazil has been the world's top pesticide market consumer since 2008, with 381 approved pesticides for crop use. This study provides a comprehensive literature review on the occurrence of pesticide residues in Brazilian freshwaters. We searched for information in official agency records and peer-reviewed scientific literature. Risk quotients were calculated to assess the potential risk posed to aquatic life by the individual pesticides based on their levels of water contamination. Studies about the occurrence of pesticides in freshwaters in Brazil are scarce and concentrated in few sampling sites in 5 of the 27 states. Herbicides (21) accounted for the majority of the substances investigated, followed by fungicides (11), insecticides (10) and plant growth regulators (1). Insecticides are the class of major concern. Brazil would benefit from the implementation of a nationwide pesticide freshwater monitoring program to support preventive, remediation and enforcement actions.School of Technology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Limeira, BrazilInstitute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Diadema, BrazilDepartment of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, PortugalInstitute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, BrazilInstitute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Diadema, BrazilWeb of Scienc

THE CHEMISTRY AND TOXICITY OF HAIR DYES

The market for hair dye involves a growing range of products, which requires greater understanding of hair properties, mechanisms of action and color development. In this work, we present a critical analysis of the classification, physical and chemical characteristics, chemical analysis and toxicological/mutagenic potential of dyes used in the hair dyeing process. A compilation of some studies was carried out, focusing on the available knowledge about these dyes and their effects on the environment and human health

A química e toxicidade dos corantes de cabelo

The market for hair dye involves a growing range of products, which requires greater understanding of hair properties, mechanisms of action and color development. In this work, we present a critical analysis of the classification, physical and chemical characteristics, chemical analysis and toxicological/mutagenic potential of dyes used in the hair dyeing process. A compilation of some studies was carried out, focusing on the available knowledge about these dyes and their effects on the environment and human health

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