Characteristics of aggregated traffic in LoRaWAN

Abstract. Over the past few years, internet-of-Things (IoT) request a large number of smart devices to communicate and exchange information without direct human assistance. As the number of IoT nodes are increasing rapidly, the massive machine-type communication (mMTC) in 5G enables us to integrate the IoT massive traffic and applications without affecting the traditional services. Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN) are emerging commercially and considered as fundamental enablers of IoT, Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT), and industrial revolution 4.0 because of their license free frequency bands, long range, low power consumption, and low cost. In recent years, LoRaWAN is appearing as one of the most leading LPWAN technologies. The main contribution of this work is examining the characteristics and modeling the aggregated traffic of a large and dense LoRa Network that is deployed as a monitoring system inside Tellus Innovation Arena, University of Oulu, with the concept of IoT-based digital campus as a Wireless Access IoT service of 5GTN. To understand the traffic behaviour, we analyzed the inter-arrival times of the transmissions for different weeks, days, and hours. The statistical presentation of data reveals that the trend of transmissions is exponential, that shows that most of the transmissions were within the inter-arrival time of less than 10 seconds while few of them have inter-arrival time over 20 seconds. After that, we fitted inter-arrival times into the exponential distribution, which helped us to find the mean inter-arrival time of the 5GTN traffic which is further used for the modeling of aggregated traffic. Finally, we performed the transmission compression from a gateway to the Network Server that will be beneficial to efficiently utilize the resources and bandwidth. The results demonstrate that the proposed aggregation mechanism increases the system goodput

Scholarly Research Output on COVID-2019: The Published Literature Analysis on the ISI Web of Science Databases

The research portrays evaluation of published literature on the topic of COVID-2019 globally. The ISI Web of sciences database was used to access the published literature till December 01, 2020. The types of publications included in the research were, editorials, letters, reviews, articles, case reports, abstracts, and books. The indicators based on the factors; publication period, the most contributing authors, most publishing institutes, countries’ contributions, and research journals titles. A total of 82371 documents were retrieved from the database. The USA has produced 16229 documents that are the almost 20% of the total publications. The contribution on research from China is at second position with the numbers of 6994 (8.491%). Italy in research productivity remained third with the number of 5925 (7.193 %). England, India, Canada, Spain Germany, Australia, and France remained in the top ten productive countries in the publication of Covid-2019 respectively. The research publications percentage of these seven countries remained 2.721- 7.005 percent

Seismic Performance Assessment of Deteriorating Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert

A culvert is a crucial component of highways whose proper operation is connected indirectly to the state's economy and the effectiveness and safety of road transportation. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the culvert structure's safety. In this work, a seismic assessment of undamaged and damaged reinforced concrete box culverts is performed. The deterioration in culvert slab thickness over time due to corrosion is considered. The structure was subjected to seismic loading along with standard static loading to observe the performance of a box culvert. The results show that the seismic response of culverts would be influenced by aging and deterioration of slab thickness from its original conditions. The finding of this study highlights the importance of considering the effect of corrosion on the slab thickness when assessing the seismic performance of culverts, as it can have a significant impact on the structure's safety

Computational and pharmacological evaluation of stevioside derivatives for antinociceptive and antiinflammatory potential

Purpose: To carry out computational and pharmacological evaluation of two stevioside derivatives in order to develop more effective candidates for analgesia and inflammation.Methods: Primarily, compounds were docked against targets of nociception and inflammation such as cyclooxygenase-1, cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lypooxygenase 12-lypooxygenase, 15-lypooxygenase, prostaglandin synthase, leukotrienes C4 synthase, mu, kappa, and delta receptors to obtain their possible binding modes. Test compounds were then screened in animal model of nociception and inflammation.Results: The results of docking show that IO possesses good affinity when compared to ID. IO showed two hydrogen bonds against COX-1 and COX-2. IO also demonstrated good binding against 5-LOX, 12- LOX and 15-LOX, exhibited four, one and two hydrogen bonds respectively. Against PG synthase and LTC4, both IO and ID produced moderate binding. IO also showed significant binding against opoid receptors (p < 0.05). IO and ID significantly decrease the number of writhes to 21.20 ± 2.1 and 27.0 ± 2.12 at 10 mg/kg in acetic acid mediated pain test respectively. In hot plate method, IO and ID increase the latency period of mice to 14.14 ± 0.40 and 10.50 ± 0.34 s, respectively. IO and ID significantly reduced the paw edema to 1.69 ± 0.14 and 1.94 ± 0.14 mL, respectively, in acute inflammation (p < 0.05). In chronic inflammatory model, IO and ID decreased paw volume to 3.26 ± 0.38 and 4.20 ± 0.38 mL, respectively.Conclusion: The results show that IO is a promising candidate for further development as analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents. However, their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles need to be investigated. Keywords: Computational, Stevioside, Docking, Analgesic, Anti-inflammator

The Role of Dietary Interventions in the Management of Obesity

The epidemic of obesity is taking over many parts of the world. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial; however, disordered energy balance regulation is a central feature. Obesity is managed by lifestyle changes alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy or bariatric surgery. Diet is an essential part of the primary and secondary prevention of obesity. Various dietary patterns have successfully induced acute weight loss, but no diet stands apart from others. Most agree that an ideal weight loss diet should be nutritionally adequate, safe, effective, affordable, and culturally admissible. Creating a negative energy balance is the underpinning theme across weight loss diets. Despite early weight loss, most individuals struggle to maintain weight long-term. Weight gain occurs due to a complex interaction of physiological, environmental, and psychological factors. Long-term weight management is influenced by lifelong conformity to low energy diet, lifestyle changes and ongoing support from family, friends, and healthcare professionals. Strategies should be implemented at the population level to prevent obesity. Policymakers, schools, businesses, healthcare providers, community leaders and individuals must unite at local, national, and international levels to fight the epidemic of obesity

Architecture guidelines for SaaS development process

© 2017 Association for Computing Machinery. Software-As-A-service (SaaS) has received significant attention from software providers and users as software delivery model. Most of the existing companies are transferring their business into SaaS model. This intensely competitive environment has imposed many challenges for SaaS developers for the development process. SaaS development is a very complex process and SaaS success depends on its architecture design and development. This paper identifies important key factors from literature and provides guidelines for SaaS developers to support these factors in SaaS architecture development process. Ultimately, it will be beneficial for SaaS developers to improve the development process of SaaS application.

A Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 100 Cited Articles on Hepatic Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

The purpose of this study is to guide the readers to the impact of the articles published on hepatic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We searched Scopus using 10 different search terms for hepatic MRI. The selected studies were thoroughly reviewed by two independent authors and any disagreement was sorted out by mutual consensus. The list of articles and journals was downloaded into an excel spreadsheet. Only the top 100 cited articles were selected by mutual consensus among all the authors. These articles were further read in the full-text form and were further categorized into subgroups. Three authors independently reviewed the top 100 selected articles, and subsequently data was extracted from them and analyzed. Our study showed that the highest number of top 100 cited articles on hepatic MRI were from Radiology (30 articles) followed by European Radiology (14 articles). The American Journal of Roentgenology, Radiographics, and Journal of Magnetic Resonance had seven articles each. The United States had the highest number of articles by region. Nineteen other journals contributed only one article each to the list of top 100 cited articles. The contribution of authors to the top 100 cited articles was reviewed; all the authors contributing with more than two articles to the highly cited articles are given in Table 3 in the supplementary material. The maximum number of articles were published during 2009 (14 articles), and for a five-year period, the maximum contribution was made during 2008-2013 (44 articles). Our analysis gives an insight on the frequency of citations of top articles on hepatic MRI, categorizes the subtopics, the timeline of the publications, and contributions from different geographic distributions

Servant Leadership and Followers Prosocial Rule-Breaking: The Mediating Role of Public Service Motivation

This research explores the effect of servant leadership on prosocial rule-breaking (PSRB) and the mediating mechanism of public service motivation (PSM) between the association of servant leadership and PSRB. The said phenomenon is examined in the civil service context of Pakistan during the continuing crises of the COVID19 pandemic, a situation where the traditional civil service policy and rule system has become highly complicated for passionate employees’ service performance and efficiency, and where servant leadership has received greater attention for inspiring the attitudinal and behavioral outcomes of frontline workers during the pandemic. Data were collected from 546 frontline workers of the corona relief tiger force. The findings of the study revealed that servant leadership has a significant effect on PSRB and PSM, and that PSM significantly promotes PSRB. The results also revealed that servant leadership has a significant impact on PSRB via engendering PSM