Alteración estructural del colorante azul de metileno con compuestos orgánicos

Las diversas estructuras que presentan la mayoría de los colorantes sintéticos les confiere una gran estabilidad. La presencia de grupos cromóforos es la consecuencia de la generación de un determinado color, así como la existencia de grupos auxocromos que determinan la intensidad del color. (F. Klages, 1968) el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el uso de compuestos orgánicos, tipo α-diiminas, con la finalidad de provocar una alteración estructural del colorante azul de metileno; proponiendo dicha modificación como clave para la pérdida o cambio de algunas propiedades físicas o químicas de este colorante; ocasionando con esto una variación en su estabilidad. La reacción entre las α diiminas sintetizadas y el colorante azul de metileno fue evaluada por espectroscopia UV-visible, observando disminuciones significativas en la absorbancia.The various structures which have the most synthetic dyes present them great stability. The presence of chromophore groups is due to the generation of a certain color, and the existence of auxochrome groups determining color intensity. This work aims to use α diimine, organic compounds, such in order to cause a structural alteration of methylene blue dye; proposing this amendment as the key to the loss or change of some physical or chemical properties of this dye; with this causing a variation in its stability. The reaction between the α-diimine synthesized and methylene blue dye was evaluated at different times by UV- visible spectroscopy, observing significant decreases in absorbance

Síntesis de Iminas

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo la síntesis de iminas en microondas a partir de 4-aminobifenil con cinamaldehído y 4-aminobifenil con p-dimetilbenzaldehído, las reacciones fueron monitoreadas por cromatografía en capa fina, finalmente fueron purificadas y caracterizadas por espectroscopia de rutina.This paper aims at the synthesis of imines in microwave from 4-aminobiphenyl with cinnamaldehyde and 4-aminobiphenyl with p-dimethylbenzaldehyde, the reactions were monitored by thin layer chromatography, finally purified and characterized by spectroscopy routine

Síntesis de derivados de sulfanilamida asistida por microondas y su evaluación anti-microbiana

En este trabajo se llevó a cabo la síntesis en microondas de derivados de sulfanilamida, N-(bencilsulfonamida)-2-hidroxibencenimina, a partir de sulfanilamida y salicilaldehído (compuesto 1) y la síntesis de N-(bencilsulfonamida)-4-hidroxi-3-metoxifenilimina a partir de sulfanilamida y vanillina (compuesto 2) a cada compuesto se le dio seguimiento por cromatografía en capa fina. Posteriormente se purificaron por cromatografía en columna y se caracterizaron por espectroscopia de FT-IR, RMN 1H, espectrometría de masas y punto de fusión. El objetivo es potencializar la actividad antimicrobiana de este fármaco probando su efecto contra E.coli y Streptococcus aureus. Para llevar a cabo la síntesis de sulfamidas se han usado diversos métodos, como el calentamiento convencional, método que consume mucho tiempo y energía obteniendo rendimientos menores al 50 %, una alternativa es la síntesis por microondas la cual proporciona energía térmica a una reacción con ventajas como ahorro de tiempo, generación de menos subproductos y optimización de rendimientos.In this work, it was carried out the synthesis of sulfanilamide, N- (benzylsulfonamide) -2-hydroxybenzeneimine derivatives from sulfanilamide and salicylaldehyde (compound 1) and the synthesis of N- (benzylsulfonamide) -4-hydroxy- 3-methoxyphenylimine from sulfanilamide and vanillin (compound 2) to each compound was monitored by thin layer chromatography. They were then purified by column chromatography and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR, mass spectrometry and melting point. The objective is to potentiate the antimicrobial activity of this drug by proving its effect against E.coli and Streptococcus aureus. To carry out the synthesis of sulfamides, several methods have been used, such as conventional heating, the time-consuming method and the power that achieves yields of less than 50%, an alternative is microwave synthesis which provides thermal energy a reaction With advantages As time saving, generation of fewer byproducts and optimization of yields

Energy Drink Administration in Combination with Alcohol Causes an Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in the Hippocampus and Temporal Cortex of Rats

Energy drinks (EDs) are often consumed in combination with alcohol because they reduce the depressant effects of alcohol. However, different researches suggest that chronic use of these psychoactive substances in combination with alcohol can trigger an oxidative and inflammatory response. These processes are regulated by both a reactive astrogliosis and an increase of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS, causing cell death (apoptosis) at the central and peripheral nervous systems. Currently, mechanisms of toxicity caused by mixing alcohol and ED in the brain are not well known. In this study, we evaluated the effect of chronic alcohol consumption in combination with ED on inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the temporal cortex (TCx) and hippocampus (Hp) of adult rats (90 days old). Our results demonstrated that consuming a mixture of alcohol and ED for 60 days induced an increase in reactive gliosis, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide, in the TCx and Hp. We also found immunoreactivity to caspase-3 and a decrease of synaptophysin in the same brain regions. The results suggested that chronic consumption of alcohol in combination with ED causes an inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which induced cell death via apoptosis in the TCx and Hp of the adult rats

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Ciencia Odontológica 2.0

Libro que muestra avances de la Investigación Odontológica en MéxicoEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el segundo de una serie de 6 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG