Klassifikation der Sportspiele : Empirische Untersuchungen zur Familienähnlichkeit der Spiele Fußball, Hockey, Eishockey und Rugby

Die Forschungsarbeit beschäftigt sich im Sinne der integrativen Sportspielvermittlung mit dem Modell des spielerisch impliziten Lernens (MSIL) von Roth, Kröger und Memmert (2002). Konkret wird empirisch untersucht, ob die für die zweite Stufe gewählte Einteilung der Sportspiele in die Gruppen Rückschlag-, Torschuss- und Wurfspiele weiterhin beibehalten werden kann oder ob eine Modifikation notwendig erscheint. Speziell wird die Sportspielfamilie der Torschussspiele wissenschaftlich beleuchtet. Zur Untersuchung werden die im MSIL postulierten Ähnlichkeitskriterien, in Form der Taktik-, Koordinations- und Technikbausteine, herangezogen. Somit leistet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zur Überprüfung der zentralen Modellannahme, die sich auf den vertikalen Aufbau im MSIL bezieht. Im umfangreichen empirischen Teil wurde sowohl eine qualitative (offene Befragung mittels Videokonfrontationsmethode) als auch eine quantitative Untersuchung (standardisierter Fragebogen)durchgeführt, wobei in Summe 80 Sportspielexperten befragt wurden. Diese kommen zu einem Anteil von je 20 von den Spielen Fußball, Hockey, Eishockey und Rugby. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse lassen den Schluss zu, dass die Sportspiele Fußball, Hockey, Eishockey und Rugby in die Familie der Torschussspiele zusammengefasst werden können, wobei neuere empirische Befunde eher davon ausgehen, dass das Sportspiel Rugby besser in eine andere Sportspielfamilie (Körperkontaktspiele) passt

Ungleiche Bildungschancen: Welche Rolle spielen underachievement und Persönlichkeitsstruktur?

Der Beitrag untersucht, inwiefern ungleiche Bildungschancen mit dem Phänomen von Underachievement verbunden sind und ob Persönlichkeitseigenschaften den Zusammenhang von sozialer Herkunft und Bildungschancen vermitteln. Underachievement ist - entsprechend dem mehrgliedrigen deutschen Bildungssystem - als Besuch eines Schultyps definiert, der unterhalb des jeweiligen individuellen kognitiven Lernpotenzials von Jugendlichen liegt. Die Analysen basieren auf Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP). Sie zeigen, dass das Risiko eines Underachievement und damit die Entdeckung vorhandener Lernpotenziale stark von der sozialen Herkunft der Kinder abhängen. Verteilungsunterschiede in Persönlichkeitsstrukturen nach sozialer Herkunft spielen dafür allerdings keine Rolle. Vielmehr haben Persönlichkeitseigenschaften einen stärkeren Einfluss auf den Schulerfolg von Kindern mit akademisch gebildeten Eltern - und nicht, wie wohl häufig eher erwartet wird, bei Kindern von Eltern ohne akademischen Abschluss. Ferner deuten die Befunde darauf hin, dass nicht Leistungs-, sondern eher Unterschiede in Bildungsentscheidungen das höhere Risiko eines Underachievement von Kindern aus nicht-akademischen Familien verursachen. -- The paper examines the impact of underachievement on inequality of educational opportunities and of personality traits as a mediating mechanism between the two. The paper develops a definition that is suitable to identify underachievement in the German school system with its different types of secondary schools. Underachievement is defined as attending a school type that is below the individual cognitive learning potential, measured by tests for fluid intelligence. The empirical analyses use the data of the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). They show that underachievement is dependent on social origin. This clearly violates the principle of equal opportunities. Compositional differences in personality traits between children with different social background are not responsible for differences in the risk of underachievement. Moreover, the influence of personality traits is larger for children from higher social classes, and not for children from lower social classes. A comparison of school grades of underachievers and non-underachievers reveals finally that not differences in school performance, but differences in educational decisions cause the higher risk of underachievement of children from lower classes.

Ungleiche Bildungschancen: Welche Rolle spielen Underachievement und Persönlichkeitsstruktur?

"Der Beitrag untersucht, inwiefern ungleiche Bildungschancen mit dem Phänomen von Underachievement verbunden sind und ob Persönlichkeitseigenschaften den Zusammenhang von sozialer Herkunft und Bildungschancen vermitteln. Underachievement ist - entsprechend dem mehrgliedrigen deutschen Bildungssystem - als Besuch eines Schultyps definiert, der unterhalb des jeweiligen individuellen kognitiven Lernpotenzials von Jugendlichen liegt. Die Analysen basieren auf Daten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP). Sie zeigen, dass das Risiko eines Underachievement und damit die Entdeckung vorhandener Lernpotenziale stark von der sozialen Herkunft der Kinder abhängen. Verteilungsunterschiede in Persönlichkeitsstrukturen nach sozialer Herkunft spielen dafür allerdings keine Rolle. Vielmehr haben Persönlichkeitseigenschaften einen stärkeren Einfluss auf den Schulerfolg von Kindern mit akademisch gebildeten Eltern - und nicht, wie wohl häufig eher erwartet wird, bei Kindern von Eltern ohne akademischen Abschluss. Ferner deuten die Befunde darauf hin, dass nicht Leistungs-, sondern eher Unterschiede in Bildungsentscheidungen das höhere Risiko eines Underachievement von Kindern aus nicht-akademischen Familien verursachen." (Autorenreferat)"The paper examines the impact of underachievement on inequality of educational opportunities and of personality traits as a mediating mechanism between the two. The paper develops a definition that is suitable to identify underachievement in the German school system with its different types of secondary schools. Underachievement is defined as attending a school type that is below the individual cognitive learning potential, measured by tests for fluid intelligence. The empirical analyses use the data of the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP). They show that underachievement is dependent on social origin. This clearly violates the principle of equal opportunities. Compositional differences in personality traits between children with different social background are not responsible for differences in the risk of underachievement. Moreover, the influence of personality traits is larger for children from higher social classes, and not for children from lower social classes. A comparison of school grades of underachievers and non-underachievers reveals finally that not differences in school performance, but differences in educational decisions cause the higher risk of underachievement of children from lower classes." (author's abstract

Thermoresponsive Microgel Coatings as Versatile Functional Compounds for Novel Cell Manipulation Tools

Uhlig K, Wegener T, Hertle Y, et al. Thermoresponsive Microgel Coatings as Versatile Functional Compounds for Novel Cell Manipulation Tools. POLYMERS. 2018;10(6): 656.For the effective use of live cells in biomedicine as in vitro test systems or in biotechnology, non-invasive cell processing and characterisation are key elements. Thermoresponsive polymer coatings have been demonstrated to be highly beneficial for controlling the interaction of adherent cells through their cultivation support. However, the widespread application of these coatings is hampered by limitations in their adaptability to different cell types and because the full range of applications has not yet been fully explored. In the work presented here, we address these issues by focusing on three different aspects. With regard to the first aspect, by using well-defined laminar flow in a microchannel, a highly controllable and reproducible shear force can be applied to adherent cells. Employing this tool, we demonstrate that cells can be non-invasively detached from a support using a defined shear flow. The second aspect relates to the recent development of simple methods for patterning thermoresponsive coatings. Here, we show how such patterned coatings can be used for improving the handling and reliability of a wound-healing assay. Two pattern geometries are tested using mouse fibroblasts and CHO cells. In terms of the third aspect, the adhesiveness of cells depends on the cell type. Standard thermoresponsive coatings are not functional for all types of cells. By coadsorbing charged nanoparticles and thermoresponsive microgels, it is demonstrated that the adhesion and detachment behaviour of cells on such coatings can be modulated

Gadolinium-based Contrast Agents for Cardiac MRI:Use of Linear and Macrocyclic Agents with Associated Safety Profile from 154 779 European Patients

Purpose: To assess current use and acute safety profiles of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) in cardiac MRI given recent suspensions of GBCA approval. Materials and Methods: Patients were retrospectively included from the multinational multicenter European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology (ESCR) MR/CT Registry collected between January 2013 and October 2019. GBCA-associated acute adverse events (AAEs) were classified as mild (self-limiting), moderate (pronounced AAE requiring medical management), and severe (life threatening). Multivariable generalized linear mixed-effect models were used to assess AAE likelihood. Results: A total of 154 779 patients (average age, 53 years ± 19 [standard deviation]; 99 106 men) who underwent cardiac MRI were included, the majority of whom underwent administration of GBCAs (94.2% [n = 145 855]). While linear GBCAs were used in 15.2% of examinations through 2011, their use decreased to less than 1% in 2018 and 2019. Overall, 0.36% (n = 556) of AAEs were documented (mild, 0.12% [n = 178]; moderate, 0.21% [n = 331]; severe, 0.03% [n = 47]). For nonenhanced cardiac MRI, examination-related events were reported in 2.59% (231 of 8924) of cases, the majority of which were anxiety (0.98% [n = 87]) and dyspnea (0.93% [n = 83]). AAE rates varied significantly by pharmacologic stressor, GBCA molecular structure (macrocyclic vs linear GBCA: multivariable odds ratio, 0.634; 95% confidence interval: 0.452, 0.888; P = .008), GBCA subtype, and imaging indication. Conclusion: Gadolinium-based contrast agent administration changed according to recent regulatory decisions, with use of macrocyclic agents almost exclusively in 2018 and 2019; these agents also demonstrated a favorable acute safety profile.Supplemental material is available for this article.© RSNA, 2020

Deciphering the Transcriptomic Heterogeneity of Duodenal Coeliac Disease Biopsies

Coeliac disease (CD) is a clinically heterogeneous autoimmune disease with variable presentation and progression triggered by gluten intake. Molecular or genetic factors contribute to disease heterogeneity, but the reasons for different outcomes are poorly understood. Transcriptome studies of tissue biopsies from CD patients are scarce. Here, we present a high-resolution analysis of the transcriptomes extracted from duodenal biopsies of 24 children and adolescents with active CD and 21 individuals without CD but with intestinal afflictions as controls. The transcriptomes of CD patients divide into three groups—a mixed group presenting the control cases, and CD-low and CD-high groups referring to lower and higher levels of CD severity. Persistence of symptoms was weakly associated with subgroup, but the highest marsh stages were present in subgroup CD-high, together with the highest cell cycle rates as an indicator of virtually complete villous atrophy. Considerable variation in inflammation-level between subgroups was further deciphered into immune cell types using cell type de-convolution. Self-organizing maps portrayal was applied to provide high-resolution landscapes of the CD-transcriptome. We find asymmetric patterns of miRNA and long non-coding RNA and discuss the effect of epigenetic regulation. Expression of genes involved in interferon gamma signaling represent suitable markers to distinguish CD from non-CD cases. Multiple pathways overlay in CD biopsies in different ways, giving rise to heterogeneous transcriptional patterns, which potentially provide information about etiology and the course of the disease

Impact of Right Atrial Physiology on Heart Failure and Adverse Events after Myocardial Infarction

Background: Right ventricular (RV) function is a known predictor of adverse events in heart failure and following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). While right atrial (RA) involvement is well characterized in pulmonary arterial hypertension, its relative contributions to adverse events following AMI especially in patients with heart failure and congestion need further evaluation. Methods: In this cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-substudy of AIDA STEMI and TATORT NSTEMI, 1235 AMI patients underwent CMR after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in 15 centers across Germany (n = 795 with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and 440 with non-ST-elevation MI). Right atrial (RA) performance was evaluated using CMR myocardial feature tracking (CMR-FT) for the assessment of RA reservoir (total strain εs), conduit (passive strain εe), booster pump function (active strain εa), and associated strain rates (SR) in a blinded core-laboratory. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) 12 months post AMI. Results: RA reservoir (εs p = 0.061, SRs p = 0.049) and conduit functions (εe p = 0.006, SRe p = 0.030) were impaired in patients with MACE as opposed to RA booster pump (εa p = 0.579, SRa p = 0.118) and RA volume index (p = 0.866). RA conduit function was associated with the clinical onset of heart failure and MACE independently of RV systolic function and atrial fibrillation (AF) (multivariable analysis hazard ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.92 to 0.99, p = 0.009), while RV systolic function and AF were not independent prognosticators. Furthermore, RA conduit strain identified low- and high-risk groups within patients with reduced RV systolic function (p = 0.019 on log rank testing). Conclusions: RA impairment is a distinct feature and independent risk factor in patients following AMI and can be easily assessed using CMR-FT-derived quantification of RA strain

Implications for the Binding of the Protein G5P to DNA

Microorganisms accumulate molar concentrations of compatible solutes like ectoine to prevent proteins from denaturation. Direct structural or spectroscopic information on the mechanism and about the hydration shell around ectoine are scarce. We combined surface plasmon resonance (SPR), confocal Raman spectroscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the local hydration shell around ectoine and its influence on the binding of a gene-S-protein (G5P) to a single-stranded DNA (dT(25)). Due to the very high hygroscopicity of ectoine, it was possible to analyze the highly stable hydration shell by confocal Raman spectroscopy. Corresponding molecular dynamics simulation results revealed a significant change of the water dielectric constant in the presence of a high molar ectoine concentration as compared to pure water. The SPR data showed that the amount of protein bound to DNA decreases in the presence of ectoine, and hence, the protein-DNA dissociation constant increases in a concentration- dependent manner. Concomitantly, the Raman spectra in terms of the amide I region revealed large changes in the protein secondary structure. Our results indicate that ectoine strongly affects the molecular recognition between the protein and the oligonudeotide, which has important consequences for osmotic regulation mechanisms