Working Memory Deficits and Emotion Dysregulation in Youth with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Understanding Relationships and Treatment Implications

Evidence suggests that working memory (WM) impairment is a primary deficit in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), underlying core symptoms of the disorder and associated impairments. However, the relationship between deficits in different WM components and emotional problems specifically in ADHD has not yet been studied. Knowledge of the cognitive substrates contributing to emotional deficits in ADHD could inform efforts toward refining cognitive remediation as a treatment for emotion dysregulation in this population. The first aim of this study (Aim 1) investigated whether WM deficits, as a global construct, were related to and mediated the relationship between ADHD and emotion dysregulation. The first sub-aim (Aim 1A) examined whether different components of WM, as defined by the traditional Baddeley Model (i.e., phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, central executive), were related to and differentially mediated emotion regulation deficits in ADHD. The second sub-aim (Aim 1B) examined whether WM constructs mediated the relationship of ADHD symptoms severity with degree of emotion dysregulation, after examining mediating effects of, and adjusting for, other factors related to emotional functioning. Other factors included inattention (relative to total ADHD symptoms), hyperactivity/impulsivity (relative to total ADHD symptoms), comorbid ODD symptoms, negative parenting behaviors, parental stress, and social skills deficits. Given a possible relationship between WM deficits and emotion dysregulation, Aim 2 investigated whether improvement in WM skills following cognitive remediation was related to improvement in emotion regulation ability. Participants were youth with ADHD (ages 7 - 11 years) who were recruited for a larger treatment study investigating the augmentative and complementary effects of combined WM training and behavioral parent training. At a baseline visit, objective neuropsychological data measuring Baddeley components of WM ability and parent-ratings of emotion dysregulation, ADHD symptoms, comorbid ODD symptoms, parenting behaviors, and parental stress were collected (Aim 1). Teacher ratings of ADHD symptoms, ODD symptoms, and social skills were also collected at baseline. For Aim 2, participants were randomly assigned to an active or low-level, non-scaffolded ( placebo ) condition of WM training. Upon the completion of WM training, WM deficits and parent-rated emotion dysregulation were again measured. Aim 1 and sub-aims results: Deficits in WM, as a composite measure, were not associated with emotion dysregulation in this sample and, therefore, not included in the mediation model. With regard to the Baddeley components of WM, a deficit in the phonological loop was associated with parent-rated emotion dysregulation in ADHD (but not visuospatial sketchpad and central executive deficits). As such, the phonological loop factor was included in the mediation model. Lastly, a phonological loop deficit, comorbid ODD symptom severity, negative parenting behaviors (e.g., inconsistent use of discipline), parental stress, and social skills deficits together mediated the relationship between ADHD and emotion dysregulation. However, no variables contributed to the mediation above and beyond comorbid ODD symptom severity. Aim 2 Results: Improvement in overall WM functioning was significantly associated with better emotion regulation from pre-to-post WM training in the active group relative to the placebo group. Results suggest that many factors, including a deficit in the phonological loop, contribute to emotional impairment in youth with ADHD, the strongest being severity of comorbid ODD symptoms. Results also suggest that, while comorbid ODD may contribute most strongly to emotion dysregulation in this study, improvements in total WM ability after cognitive remediation were nonetheless associated with improvement in emotion regulation skills. Taken together, cognitive remediation may have effects on emotional functioning in youth with ADHD; developing a more precise understanding of the neurocognitive substrates underlying emotional deficits in ADHD could thus inform treatment strategies

VIOLÊNCIA REVOLUCIONÁRIA COMO EXPRESSÃO DE JUSTIÇA E INTERRUPÇÃO DO CURSO HISTÓRICO EM WALTER BENJAMIN

The present work aims at demonstrating that a close reading of the text Towards the Critique of Violence, written by Walter Benjamin in 1921, provides notable support to the comprehension of the author’s proposal of revolution as interruptive action in his theses “On the Concept of History” (1940). Thus, the grounds of the Benjaminian categorization of violence are discussed and it is clarified that revolutionary violence is understood not as having justice as a goal, but as being itself an expression of justice. Therewith, Benjamin’s opposition to evolutionary Marxism can be analyzed in further details, as also his assertion that the revolution constitutes an interruption of historical process instead of a result of it.Pretende-se aqui mostrar que uma leitura atenta do texto Para a crítica da violência, escrito por Walter Benjamin em 1921, é de notável auxílio para a compreensão da revolução como ação interruptiva proposta pelo autor em suas teses “Sobre o conceito de história”, de 1940. Assim, são discutidos os fundamentos da categorização benjaminiana da violência e mostra-se como a violência revolucionária é compreendida não como tendo a justiça como meta, mas como sendo em si mesma expressão de justiça. Com isto, poder-se-á analisar em mais detalhes a oposição de Benjamin ao marxismo evolucionista e sua asserção de que a revolução constitui uma interrupção do processo histórico, e não seu resultado

EM TEMPOS GLOBAIS, UM “NOVO” LOCAL: a Ford na Bahia

O artigo analisa a dinâmica da Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS) a partir da implantação da Ford, discutindo a perspectiva do ‘lugar’ (a periferia metropolitana), dentro de uma relação assimétrica com os negócios globais na era da flexibilidade. O texto caracteriza o complexo Ford de Camaçari a partir da reestruturação produtiva e das mudanças na organização e funcionamento dos territórios e, na segunda parte, seus impactos sobre a periferia metropolitana de Salvador. Na conclusão demonstra que as mesmas circunstâncias que permitiram a vinda da montadora para Camaçari constrangem as ambições originais de melhor equacionamento entre crescimento econômico e progresso social: a flexibilidade dos novos arranjos, que tornam os espaços periféricos estratégicos, compromete o “enraizamento” do investimento; a “produção enxuta”, exígua de emprego e diligente na sua precarização, inibe os benefícios sociais. PALAVRAS CHAVE: reestruturação produtiva, mercado de trabalho, indústria automobilística, periferia metropolitana, segregação socioespacial. IN GLOBAL TIMES, A “NEW” PLACE: Ford in Bahia Ângela Franco This paper makes an analysis of the dynamics of the Metropolitan Area of Salvador (in Portuguese, RMS) starting from the implantation of Ford, discussing the perspective of the ‘local’ (the metropolitan periphery), inside of an asymmetrical relationship with global businesses in the age of flexibility. The Ford Automotive Compound is caracterized in the first part of the paper from its productive reestructuring and changes in the organization and work of territories, and, in the second part, from its impact on the the metropolitan periphery from Salvador. In its conclusion it demonstrates that the same circumstances that allowed the arrival of the automotive maker in Camaçari constrain the original ambitions of better ratio between economical growth and social progress: the flexibility of the new automotive production methods, making peripheric spaces strategic, compromises on the permanence of the investments; and the “streamlined production”, easy on job production and hard on job flexibilization inhibit social benefits. KEYWORDS: productive restructuring, job market, automobile industry, metropolitan periphery, socioespatial segregation. EN PERIODE DE MONDIALISATION, UN “NOUVEAU” LOCAL: Ford à Bahia Ângela Franco Cet article traite de l’analyse de la dynamique de la Région Métropolitaine de Salvador (RMS), à partir de l’implantation de l’usine Ford. On y discute de la perspective du “lieu” (la périphérie métropolitaine), dans une relation asymétrique avec les affaires globales à une époque de flexibilité. On y caractérise le complexe Ford de Camaçari à partir de la restructuration productive et des changements dans l’organisation et le fonctionnement des territoires. Ses impacts sur la périphérie métropolitaine de Salvador sont présentés dans la deuxième partie. En conclusion, on y démontre que ce sont les mêmes circonstances qui ont permis l’arrivée de l’usine de montage à Camaçari qui représentent une contrainte pour les ambitions qui, à l’origine, voulaient atteindre une meilleure équation entre la croissance économique et le progrès social. La flexibilité de ces nouveaux arrangements, qui rendent les espaces périphériques stratégiques, compromet “l’enracinement” des investissements, la “production exiguë”, l’exiguïté des emplois et la diligence dans leur précarisation, elle inhibe les avantages sociaux. MOTS-CLÉS: restructuration productive, marché du travail, industrie automobile, périphérie métropolitaine, ségrégation sociale et spatiale. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.b

Dinâmica capitalista e reestruturação regional: o caso da soja nos cerrados baianos

A dissertação trata de investigar as principais determinações internacionais do processo de reestruturação ocorrido na região dos cerrados baianos ao longo de década de oitenta

Tranformações Produtivas e Novos Padrões Organizacionais da Indústria: uma Tentativa de Sistematização do Debate

A constituição de um paradigma baseado nas novas tecnologias de informação e da microeletrônica tem sido amplamente discutida ao longo das últimas décadas. Suas implicações sobre os padrões organizacionais da indústria, contudo, ainda não estão suficientemente claras. O objetivo do presente trabalho é contribuir para esse debate, analisando os impactos das transformações produtivas e tecnológicas recentes sobre os padrões organizacionais da indústria. Argumenta-se que esses padrões tornam-se mais flexíveis e adaptáveis, uma vez que o ambiente institucional e as relações entre organizações adquirem maior relevância para o sucesso dos empreendimentos. Assim, o novo modelo não assume um formato rígido e estanque, adaptando-se às características de realidades muito diversas. Afirma-se que essa diversidade deve ser levada em consideração na formulação de políticas de desenvolvimento local