ERS International Congress, Madrid, 2019: highlights from the Basic and Translational Science Assembly.

In this review, the Basic and Translational Sciences Assembly of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) provides an overview of the 2019 ERS International Congress highlights. In particular, we discuss how the novel and very promising technology of single cell sequencing has led to the development of a comprehensive map of the human lung, the lung cell atlas, including the discovery of novel cell types and new insights into cellular trajectories in lung health and disease. Further, we summarise recent insights in the field of respiratory infections, which can aid in a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these infections in order to develop novel vaccines and improved treatment options. Novel concepts delineating the early origins of lung disease are focused on the effects of pre- and post-natal exposures on neonatal lung development and long-term lung health. Moreover, we discuss how these early life exposures can affect the lung microbiome and respiratory infections. In addition, the importance of metabolomics and mitochondrial function analysis to subphenotype chronic lung disease patients according to their metabolic program is described. Finally, basic and translational respiratory science is rapidly moving forward and this will be beneficial for an advanced molecular understanding of the mechanisms underlying a variety of lung diseases. In the long-term this will aid in the development of novel therapeutic targeting strategies in the field of respiratory medicine

Highlights of the ERS Lung Science Conference and Sleep and Breathing Conference 2021 and the new ECMC members

The Lung Science Conference (LSC) and the Sleep and Breathing Conference (SBC) are two conferences organised by the European Respiratory Society (ERS), the latter held in association with the European Sleep Research Society. This year, the LSC and SBC were both held in a virtual format with the participation of researchers and clinicians from around the world. The participation of Early Career Members (ECMs) was notable in both events: 216 of 363 (60%) delegates attending the LSC were under 40?years old, and 315 of 920 (34%) delegates were ?40?years of age at the SBC. Both conferences included outstanding talks on the most recent advances in respiratory medicine and science, oral/poster communication sessions on novel research, exciting opportunities to network with peers, and much more!This paper provides a brief overview of some of the most remarkable sessions of the LSC and SBC, written by ECMs attending the sessions.We also present the new members of the Early Career Member Committee (ECMC) of the ERS from Assemblies 1, 4, 10, 12 and 13, who were elected in the latest round of ERS elections. Welcome aboard

Why ERS Early Career Members should attend the International Congress 2019 in Madrid.

The #ERSCongress is the largest respiratory conference worldwide. This article points out why @ERSTalk Early Career Members can especially benefit from attending this huge event and gives upcoming fellowship deadlines. http://ow.ly/3GQ530o8Ezh

Statement from the Early Career Member Committee (ECMC) Chair and Co-chair and introduction of the new ECMC members.

Statement from the Chair and Co-chair of the ERS Early Career Member Committee (ECMC) and introduction to the new members of this committee https://bit.ly/3ltuWX9

Recent Advances in Fungal Infections: From Lung Ecology to Therapeutic Strategies With a Focus on Aspergillus spp.

Fungal infections are estimated to be the main cause of death for more than 1.5 million people worldwide annually. However, fungal pathogenicity has been largely neglected. This is notably the case for pulmonary fungal infections, which are difficult to diagnose and to treat. We are currently facing a global emergence of antifungal resistance, which decreases the chances of survival for affected patients. New therapeutic approaches are therefore needed to face these life-threatening fungal infections. In this review, we will provide a general overview on respiratory fungal infections, with a focus on fungi of the genus Aspergillus. Next, the immunological and microbiological mechanisms of fungal pathogenesis will be discussed. The role of the respiratory mycobiota and its interactions with the bacterial microbiota on lung fungal infections will be presented from an ecological perspective. Finally, we will focus on existing and future innovative approaches for the treatment of respiratory fungal infections

ERS ECM Awardee 2021, a preview of LSC 2022 and a brief overview of the Respiratory Channel

This article presents the ERS Early Career Member Award winner 2021 (@agbasteiro), and provides a brief description of the @EuroRespSoc Lung Science Conference 2022 and the Respiratory Channel https://bit.ly/2XTylbK.This article is freely available online. Click on the 'Additional Link' above to access the full-text via the publisher's site.Published versio

Dietary Fiber Confers Protection against Flu by Shaping Ly6c^- Patrolling Monocyte Hematopoiesis and CD8⁺ T Cell Metabolism.

Dietary fiber protects against chronic inflammatory diseases by dampening immune responses through short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Here we examined the effect of dietary fiber in viral infection, where the anti-inflammatory properties of SCFAs in principle could prevent protective immunity. Instead, we found that fermentable dietary fiber increased survival of influenza-infected mice through two complementary mechanisms. High-fiber diet (HFD)-fed mice exhibited altered bone marrow hematopoiesis, characterized by enhanced generation of Ly6c <sup>-</sup> patrolling monocytes, which led to increased numbers of alternatively activated macrophages with a limited capacity to produce the chemokine CXCL1 in the airways. Blunted CXCL1 production reduced neutrophil recruitment to the airways, thus limiting tissue immunopathology during infection. In parallel, diet-derived SCFAs boosted CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cell effector function by enhancing cellular metabolism. Hence, dietary fermentable fiber and SCFAs set an immune equilibrium, balancing innate and adaptive immunity so as to promote the resolution of influenza infection while preventing immune-associated pathology

ERS International Congress, Madrid, 2019: highlights from the Basic and Translational Science Assembly.

In this review, the Basic and Translational Sciences Assembly of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) provides an overview of the 2019 ERS International Congress highlights. In particular, we discuss how the novel and very promising technology of single cell sequencing has led to the development of a comprehensive map of the human lung, the lung cell atlas, including the discovery of novel cell types and new insights into cellular trajectories in lung health and disease. Further, we summarise recent insights in the field of respiratory infections, which can aid in a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these infections in order to develop novel vaccines and improved treatment options. Novel concepts delineating the early origins of lung disease are focused on the effects of pre- and post-natal exposures on neonatal lung development and long-term lung health. Moreover, we discuss how these early life exposures can affect the lung microbiome and respiratory infections. In addition, the importance of metabolomics and mitochondrial function analysis to subphenotype chronic lung disease patients according to their metabolic program is described. Finally, basic and translational respiratory science is rapidly moving forward and this will be beneficial for an advanced molecular understanding of the mechanisms underlying a variety of lung diseases. In the long-term this will aid in the development of novel therapeutic targeting strategies in the field of respiratory medicine

ERS International Congress 2022: highlights from the Basic and Translational Science Assembly.

In this review, the Basic and Translational Science Assembly of the European Respiratory Society provides an overview of the 2022 International Congress highlights. We discuss the consequences of respiratory events from birth until old age regarding climate change related alterations in air quality due to pollution caused by increased ozone, pollen, wildfires and fuel combustion as well as the increasing presence of microplastic and microfibres. Early life events such as the effect of hyperoxia in the context of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and crucial effects of the intrauterine environment in the context of pre-eclampsia were discussed. The Human Lung Cell Atlas (HLCA) was put forward as a new point of reference for healthy human lungs. The combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial data in the HLCA has enabled the discovery of new cell types/states and niches, and served as a platform that facilitates further investigation of mechanistic perturbations. The role of cell death modalities in regulating the onset and progression of chronic lung diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target was also discussed. Translational studies identified novel therapeutic targets and immunoregulatory mechanisms in asthma. Lastly, it was highlighted that the choice of regenerative therapy depends on disease severity, ranging from transplantation to cell therapies and regenerative pharmacology