Geochemical investigation of the mixed Máriahalom vertebrate fauna at the Paleogene–Neogene boundary in the Central Paratethys: environmental conditions and age constrain

The fossil vertebrate fauna of Máriahalom contains remains from a wide range of ecologies including terrestrial and aquatic mammals, crocodiles, sharks, and rays among others. All these were found mixed in mollusc-rich, shallow water, coastal deposits. The aim of the study is to trace the origin of the fossils using their rare earth element (REE) content and their respective ecology with stable oxygen isotopic compositions. In addition, marine vertebrates and calcareous marine fossils were analysed for their Sr isotope composition to provide a new age estimate for the locality. The REE content and their distribution in the fossils indicate similar early diagenetic environments and possible contemporaneous fossilization for the entire vertebrate assemblage. Reworked fossils of significantly different age can be excluded. The enamel/enameloid-derived phosphate oxygen isotope composition of selected fossil taxa fit well with previously inferred habitats that include marine, brackish, and terrestrial environments. Notably, the stem-pinniped Potamotherium valletoni is best interpreted as freshwater dweller instead of marine, consistent with the sedimentology of other occurrences. Our novel 87Sr/86Sr data suggest an Aquitanian age (21.4 ± 0.5 Ma) for the Máriahalom site that is younger than the previously proposed Late Oligocene age based on biostratigraphy (MP28–30 European Mammal Paleogene Reference Levels). An Aquitanian age raises the possibility that the index fossil taxon, the anthracothere mammal Microbunodon minimum, may have vanished earlier in Western Europe than in the Central Paratethys region

Secondary caries prevention by considering the features of enamel prisms location during filling of carious cavity

Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body and contains the highest percentage of minerals (96%), with water and organic material composing the rest. The objective: to improve the quality of carious dental cavities filling in patients by determining the regularities of enamel prisms direction and quality of “enamel-filling”connection in topographically different parts of permanent human canines crown. Materials and methods. 40 permamnnet canines with intact enamel, removed because of trauma or orthodontic indications; 89 caries patients. Results. Angulation and direction of enamel prisms in different parts, surfaces and layers of a human permanent canines has been revealed. Conclusions. Features of different parts of enamel prisms inclination in toporgathically different parts of a human permanent canines has been shown. It has been revealed that the efficiency of a filling and enamel coalescence depends on the prevailing direction of enamel prisms in different parts of canine crown. Taking into account the peculiarities of enamel prisms location in the tooth crown at carious cavity preparation, increases the effectiveness of secondary caries prevention

Petrological evolution of the magmatic suite associated with the Coroccohuayco Cu(-Au-Fe) porphyry-skarn deposit, Peru

The petrological evolution of magmatic rocks associated with porphyry-related Cu deposits is thought to exert a first-order control on ore genesis. It is therefore critical to understand and recognize petrological processes favourable to the genesis of porphyry systems. In this study we present new petrographic, geochemical (whole-rock and mineral), and isotopic (Pb, Sr, Nd) data for rocks from the magmatic suite associated with the Eocene Coroccohuayco porphyry–skarn deposit, southern Peru. Previously determined radiometric ages on these rocks provide the temporal framework for interpretation of the data. Arc-style magmatic activity started at Coroccohuayco with the emplacement of a composite precursor gabbrodiorite complex at c. 40·4 Ma. After a nearly 5 Myr lull, magmatic activity resumed at c. 35·6 Ma with the rapid emplacement of three dacitic porphyries associated with mineralization. However, zircon antecrysts in the porphyries show that intra-crustal magmatic activity started c. 2 Myr before porphyry emplacement and probably built a large intra-crustal magmatic body with an associated large thermal anomaly. Our data suggest that all magmas underwent a period of evolution in the deep crust before transfer and further evolution in the upper crust. The gabbrodiorite complex was sourced from a heterogeneous deep crustal reservoir and was emplaced at a pressure of 100–250 MPa where it underwent a limited amount of fractionation and formed a chemically zoned pluton. Its initial water content and oxygen fugacity were estimated to be around 3 wt % H2O and NNO ± 1 (where NNO is the nickel–nickel oxide buffer), respectively. The deep crustal source of the porphyries appears to have been more homogeneous. The porphyries are interpreted to be the product of advanced differentiation of a parental magma similar to the gabbrodiorite. Most of this evolution occurred at deep crustal levels (around 800 MPa) through fractionation of amphibole + pyroxene + plagioclase ± garnet, leading to the development of a high Sr/Y signature characteristic of porphyry-related magmatism worldwide. Subsequent upper crustal evolution (100–250 MPa) was dominated by crustal assimilation, cannibalism of previously emplaced magma batches (proto-plutons) and magma recharge. Water content and oxygen fugacity were estimated to be around 5 wt % H2O and NNO + 1 to NNO + 2, respectively, at the end of the period of upper crustal evolution. This high oxygen fugacity is inferred to have favoured sulphur and metal enrichment in the melt. The high thermal regime generated through 2 Myr of sustained magmatism in the upper crust favoured crustal assimilation, proto-pluton cannibalism, and efficient metal extraction upon fluid exsolution. The Coroccohuayco magmatic suite appears to have acquired its metallogenic potential (high fO2, high Sr/Y) through several million years of deep crustal evolution

Use cases for obstacle detection and track intrusion detection systems in the context of new generation of railway traffic management systems

In this paper, the concept of Obstacle Detection and Track Intrusion Detection (OD&TID) systems related to the operation of trains is introduced, along with a potential concept for such a system. The main focus of the work presented here is the identification and description of system requirements and Use Cases (UC), their detailed classification, including general UCs for mainline railway and UCs specific to freight, as well as an analysis of the UCs and of the method used. The identified UCs have been organised with respect to the mode of operation, Grade of Automation (GoA), and operating conditions. The UCs were further analysed in different UC scenarios, including the pre-conditions, system response, actions made by OD&TID and associated systems and the post use conditions of the scenarios. The priority for implementation and complexity of each UC are discussed with respect to the probability of scenario occurrence and required interfaces. This work has been carried out as part of the process to evaluate implementation constraints, risks and requirements, and the operational scenarios of the OD&TID developed within the EU-funded Shift2Rail project SMART2, which aims to design and develop a prototype OD&TID system

Моделирование динамики движения пленки на агрегате по производству полимерно-пленочных материалов

New effective dynamic models for motion of polymeric film have been proposed in the paper. These models in contrast to known ones take in to account deformation processes which occur at a unit for polymer-film materials production. It has been shown that the deformation process of a polуmer film in intersectional area determined by its tension depends on ratio of linear section velocities and tension and deformation values in these sections. An analysis of the proposed dynamic models of polymer film motion has shown that a decrease in its deformations in every zone of the unit can be achieved both by changing ratio of input and output velocities and introducing a compensator for perturbing influences due to deformations of the film at the entrance to the zone. Possible channels for automatic control of the unit for polymer-film material production have been identified with the aim of improving quality of products. While using the proposed dynamic models it has been demonstrated that it is necessary to apply systems for automatic measuring of section rotation speed and film tension in the unit for polymer-film material production in order to ensure effective control over an extrusion process. The proposed dynamic model can be efficiently used to create an adaptive system which is applied to control a multi-motor drive of the unit for of polymer-film material production.Предложены новые эффективные динамические модели движения полимерной пленки, которые в отличие от известных учитывают процессы протекания деформации на агрегате по производству полимерно-пленочных материалов. Отмечено, что процесс деформации полимерной пленки в межсекционной зоне, определяемый ее натяжением, зависит от соотношения линейных скоростей секций и величин натяжений и деформаций в этих секциях. Анализ предложенных динамических моделей движения полимерной пленки показал, что снижение ее деформаций в каждой зоне агрегата может быть достигнуто как путем изменения соотношения скоростей на входе в зону и выходе из нее, так и введением компенсатора возмущающих воздействий, обусловленных деформациями пленки на входе в зону. Коррекция величины натяжения полимерной пленки в каждой зоне агрегата может быть осуществлена изменением соотношения скоростей на входе в зону и выходе из нее, а также изменением натяжения полимерной пленки на входе в зону и частичной компенсацией возмущений, обусловленных деформациями на входе в зону. Выявлены возможные каналы автоматического управления агрегатом по производству полимерно-пленочных материалов с целью улучшения качества продукции. На основе предложенных динамических моделей показано, что для эффективного управления процессом вытягивания необходимо применять системы автоматического измерения скоростей вращения секций агрегата по производству полимерно-пленочных материалов и натяжения пленки. Динамическая модель может быть эффективно использована при создании адаптивной системы управления многодвигательным электроприводом агрегата по производству полимерно-пленочных материалов с целью повышения прочности пленки и снижения ее удлинения

ДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ МОДЕЛИ ПРОЦЕССА ГОРЯЧЕГО ВЫТЯГИВАНИЯ ПОЛИЭФИРНОГО ВОЛОКНА

The paper considers modeling of dynamics on hot extrusion process for polyester fibre. New modifications of nonlinear dynamic models are have been proposed in the paper. The models in contrast with the known ones make it possible to take into account an effect of tensile stress magnitude and duration of its application on temperature of the hot extrusion, in order to achieve the desired values of strength and relative elongations of the polyester fibre. The proposed models are applicable for efficient solution of problems on synthesis of combined control systems for regulation of hot extrusion temperature.Рассмотрена задача моделирования динамики процесса горячего вытягивания полиэфирного волокна. Предложены новые модификации нелинейных динамических моделей, которые в отличие от известных позволяют учесть влияние величины растягивающего напряжения и продолжительности его приложения на температуру горячего вытягивания, для достижения заданных значений прочности и относительных удлинений полиэфирного волокна. Предложенные модели применимы для эффективного решения задачи синтеза комбинированных систем регулирования температуры горячего вытягивания

Dynamics of lipoperoxidation and amino acid spectrum in patients with delirium after intramedullary osteosynthesis with ropivocaine epidural anesthesia

Introduction: The pathogenesis of postoperative delirium, its causes, and factors contributing to its development remain a subject of debate. We consider it promising to study the dynamics of lipoperoxidation, cortisol levels and amino acid metabolism in patients with postoperative delirium. Such studies will reveal diagnostic and prognostic markers. The aim was to identify differences in the dynamics of lipoperoxidation, amino acid balance and cortisol levels in patients with and without delirium. Materials and methods A total of 41 patients who underwent surgery for a femoral fracture under epidural anaesthesia were included in the study. All patients underwent a daily test, - the Confused Consciousness Assessment Method. If it was positive, delirium was diagnosed; thus, two groups were identified: with postoperative delirium (n = 12) and without delirium (n = 29). Results In the preoperative delirium group, there was a relative lack of glucocorticosteroids as measured by reduced cortisol levels (pU < 0.01) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation as reduced Schiff bases (pU = 0.01). There were no significant differences in amino acid metabolism of the major amino acid pools. The intraoperative period in both groups had similar characteristics and no significant differences. In the postoperative period inhibition of lipoperoxidation in the delirium group changed into its greater activation, which was revealed by increased levels of ketodienes and conjugated trienes in isopropanol phase (pU < 0.01). There was also an increase in the aromatic pool (pU < 0.01) due to an increase in large neutral amino acids (phenialanine, pU = 0.0, tryptophan, pU = 0.02, tyrosine, pU < 0.01) and a decreasein the aliphatic pool (pU < 0.01). Cortisol levels remained significantly lower in the delirium group (pU < 0.01). Discussion The preoperative decrease in the studied indices in the delirium group may indicate initial reductive stress. In the postoperative period, patients with and without delirium differ in their metabolic activity with respect to lipoperoxidation and amino acid metabolism, and cortisol levels remain significantly lower in the delirium group. Conclusion The development of delirium is facilitated by initial reductive stress and a tolerant adaptation strategy.Введение. Патогенез послеоперационного делирия, причины его возникновения, факторы, способствующие его развитию, остаются предметом дискуссий. Представляется перспективным исследование динамики липопероксидации, уровня кортизола и аминокислотного обмена у пациентов с развитием послеоперационного делирия. Подобные исследования позволят выявить диагностические и прогностические маркеры. Цель работы – выявить различия в динамике процессов липопероксидации, аминокислотного баланса и уровня кортизола у пациентов с делирием и без делирия. Материалы и методы. В исследование включен 41 пациент, оперированный по поводу перелома бедренной кости под эпидуральной анестезией. Всем пациентам ежедневно проводился тест Метод Оценки Спутанного Сознания. В случае его положительного результата был диагностирован делирий. Таким образом, выделены две группы: с послеоперационным делирием (n = 12) и без делирия (n = 29). Результаты. В группе делирия до операции выявлена относительная недостаточность уровня глюкокортикостероидов, определяемого по сниженному уровню кортизола (pU < 0,01), и угнетение процессов перекисного окисления липидов в виде снижения оснований Шиффа (pU = 0,01). Показатели аминокислотного обмена не имели значимых различий по основным пулам аминокислот. Интраоперационный период в обеих группах имел сходные характеристики, значимые отличия отсутствовали. В послеоперационном периоде угнетение липопероксидации в группе делирия менялось на большую ее активацию, которую определяли по повышенному уровню кетодиенов и сопряженных триенов в изопропанольную фазу (pU < 0,01). Также было отмечено увеличения пула ароматических (pU < 0,01) за счет увеличения содержания больших нейтральных аминокислот (фениаланина, pU = 0,0, триптофана, pU = 0,02, тирозина, pU < 0,01) и снижения пула алифатических (pU < 0,01). В группе делирия уровень кортизола оставался достоверно ниже (pU < 0,01). Обсуждение. Дооперационное снижение исследуемых показателей в группе делирия может свидетельствовать об исходном редуктивном стрессе. В послеоперационном периоде пациенты с делирием и без делирия по-разному проявляют метаболическую активность в отношении процессов липопероксидации и аминокислотного обмена, уровень кортизола остается достоверно меньше в группе делирия. Заключение. Развитию делирия способствуют исходный редуктивный стресс и толерантная стратегия адаптации

Chemical composition of the enamel of permanent canine teeth

Досліджено вміст кальцію, фосфору та фтору в поверхневих, серединних і глибоких шарах емалі в нижній, середній, верхній частинах коронки постійних іклів людини на бокових, оральній та вестибулярній поверхнях. Топографічно різні ділянки коронки постійних іклів людини мають однаковий вміст кальцію та фосфору. У поверхневих шарах емалі постійних іклів міститься більше фтору, ніж у серединних і глибоких.The aim of the current research is to measure the level of Ca, P and F in the different zones of enamel of the permanent human canine teeth. 40 permanent human canine teeth with sound enamel were used for the research. The level of Ca, P and F was measured by the method of the comparative dispersion of double refraction. The different regions of the crown of human permanent canine teeth exhibited no significant differences in Calcium and Phosphorus level in the crystallites. The content of Fluoride in the crystallites is higher in the outer enamel layers of the permanent canine teeth in comparison to the middle and inner ones

Effect of silver nanoparticles measuring 30 nm on the clinical course of experimental bacterial keratitis

В работе исследована эффективность экспериментальной терапии бактериального кератита у кроликов с использованием наночастиц серебра, декаметоксина. Эффективность экспериментальной терапии возрастала в ряду: пленки с декаметоксином → пленки с наночастицами серебра 30 нм, полученные методом электронно-лучевого выпаривания → инстилляции коллоидного раствора наночастиц серебра розмером 30 нм → пленки с наночастицами серебра 30 нм, полученные цитратным методом. Применение пленок с наночастицами серебра, полученных цитратным методом, приводило к сокращению сроков заживления раны роговицы, уменьшению выраженности и ускорению санации конъюнктивальной пустоты по сравнению с другими экспериментальными группами.It was studied the efficiency of experimental bacterial keratitis therapy by silver nanoparticles or decamethoxin using in rabbits. The effectiveness of experimental therapy increased in order: films with decamethoxin → films with nanoparticles of silver 30 nm, obtained by electrical-beam evaporation → instillation of silver 30 nm nanoparticles colloidal solution → films with silver 30 nm nanoparticles, obtained by citrate method. The using of films with silver nanoparticles obtained by citrate method led to a shortening of cornea healing periods, reduction of severity and duration of inflammatory reaction, acceleration of conjunctival cavity sanitation, compared with other experimental groups

The influence of silver nanoparticles in vitro on expression of lymphocyte activation molecular markers in patients with viral keratitis

В работе исследована экспрессия маркеров активации лимфоцитов и фагоцитарная активность нейтрофилов больных с герпетическим кератитом до и после культивации клеток с наночастицами серебра размером 30 нм in vitro. После культивирования с наночастицами серебра экспрессия молекулярных маркеров CD7 увеличилась с (21,1±2,6) до (27,4±1,7) %; CD25 с (19,2±1,1) до (26,8±1,2) % и CD45 с (22,3±1,1) до (31,1±1,8) % (р<0,05). Не обнаружено влияния наночастиц серебра на экспрессию маркеров СD5, CD38, CD54, CD95, CD150. После культивирования с наночастицами серебра фагоцитарная активность нейтрофилов возрастала с (58,5±3,9) до (79,4±4,1) % (р<0,05). Таким образом, наночастицы серебра 30 нм in vitro вызывают изменение функциональной активности лейкоцитов и лимфоцитов у пациентов с герпетическим кератитом, что выражается в увеличении количества маркеров активации лимфоцитов CD7, CD25, CD45 и фагоцитарной активности нейтрофилов.Herpetic lesions of the eye is a major cause of infectious corneal blindness. Viral lesion of eyeball surface often has chronic process. Using of traditional drugs does not always provide a positive therapeutic effect and prevents recurrence, determining the relevance of new approaches to the treatment of viral pathologies of the cornea. The research was conducted with 33 patient with herpetic keratitis. It was in vitro investigated the expression of molecular markers of activation of lymphocytes (CD 5, CD7, CD25, CD38, CD45, CD54, CD95, CD150) peripheral blood and phagocytic activity of neutrophils before and after cultivation with a colloidal solution of 30 nm silver nanoparticles