1,473 research outputs found
The operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics system. Clinical relevance, reliability and validity
In this paper, we present a multiaxial system for psychodynamic diagnosis, which has attained wide usage in Germany in the last 10 years. First we will discuss the 4 operationalized psychodynamic diagnostics (OPD) axes: illness experience and treatment assumptions, relationships, mental conflicts, and structure, then clinical applications will be outlined. Focus psychodynamic formulations can be employed both with inpatients and with outpatients. Studies show good reliability in a research context and acceptable reliability for clinical purposes. Validity will be separately summarized as content, criterion, and construct validity. Validity studies indicate good validity for the individual axes. Numerous studies on the OPD indicate areas of possible improvement, for example for clinical purposes the OPD should be more practically formulated
Tuning a Resonance in the Fock Space: Optimization of Phonon Emission in a Resonant Tunneling Device
Phonon-assisted tunneling in a double barrier resonant tunneling device can
be seen as a resonance in the electron-phonon Fock space which is tuned by the
applied voltage. We show that the geometrical parameters can induce a symmetry
condition in this space that can strongly enhance the emission of longitudinal
optical phonons. For devices with thin emitter barriers this is achieved by a
wider collector's barrier.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. Figure 1 changed, typos correcte
Mechanisms of Psychological Distress following War in the Former Yugoslavia: The Role of Interpersonal Sensitivity
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.This study was funded by a grant from the European Commission, contract number INCO-CT-2004-509176. AN was supported by a Clinical Early Career Research Fellowship (113295) and a Project Grant (104288
Does rumination mediate the relationship between emotion regulation ability and posttraumatic stress disorder?
Background and objectives: Trauma-related rumination has been suggested to be involved in the maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This view has empirically been supported by extensive evidence using cross-sectional, prospective, and experimental designs. However, it is unclear why trauma survivors engage in rumination despite its negative consequences. The current study aimed to explore the hypothesis that low emotion regulation ability underlies trauma-related rumination. Methods: Emotion regulation ability and trauma-related rumination were assessed in 93 road traffic accident survivors 2 weeks post-trauma. In addition, symptom levels of PTSD were assessed at 2 weeks as well as 1, 3, and 6 months follow-up. Results: Emotion regulation ability was significantly related to trauma-related rumination as well as levels of PTSD symptoms. In addition, the association between low emotion regulation ability and PTSD was mediated by rumination. Conclusions: The findings support the view that rumination is used as a dysfunctional emotion regulation strategy by trauma survivors
On the nature of defects in liquid-phase exfoliated graphene
Liquid-phase exfoliation is one of the most promising routes for large-scale production of multilayer graphene dispersions. These dispersions, which may be used in coatings, composites, or paints, are believed to contain disorder-free graphene multilayers. Here, we address the nature of defects in such samples obtained by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite powder in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Our Raman spectroscopy data challenge the assumption that these multilayers are free of bulk defects, revealing that defect localization strongly depends on the sonication time. For short ultrasound times, defects are located mainly at the layer edges but they turn out to build up in the bulk for ultrasonic times above 2 h. This knowledge may help to devise better strategies to achieve high-quality graphene dispersions.submittedVersionFil: Bracamonte, MarĂa Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de FĂsica Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Bracamonte, MarĂa Victoria. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de MatemĂĄtica, AstronomĂa y FĂsica; Argentina.Fil: Lacconi, Gabriela InĂ©s. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Ciencias QuĂmicas. Departamento de FisicoquĂmica; Argentina.Fil: Lacconi, Gabriela InĂ©s. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en FisicoquĂmica de CĂłrdoba; Argentina.Fil: Urreta, Silvia Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de FĂsica Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Urreta, Silvia Elena. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de MatemĂĄtica, AstronomĂa y FĂsica; Argentina.Fil: Foa Torres, Luis Eduardo Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de FĂsica Enrique Gaviola; Argentina.Fil: Foa Torres, Luis Eduardo Francisco. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de MatemĂĄtica, AstronomĂa y FĂsica; Argentina.FĂsica de los Materiales Condensado
Expression profiles of acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemias with ALL-1 rearrangements
The ALL-1 gene is directly involved in 5-10% of ALLs and AMLs by fusion to
other genes or through internal rearrangements. DNA microarrays were utilized
to determine expression profiles of ALLs and AMLs with ALL-1 rearrangements.
These profiles distinguish those tumors from other ALLs and AMLs. The
expression patterns of ALL-1-associated tumors, in particular ALLs, involve
oncogenes, tumor suppressors, anti apoptotic genes, drug resistance genes etc.,
and correlate with the aggressive nature of the tumors. The genes whose
expression differentiates between ALLs with and without ALL-1 rearrangement
were further divided into several groups enabling separation of ALL-1-
associated ALLs into two subclasses. Further, AMLs with partial duplication of
ALL-1 vary in their expression pattern from AMLs in which ALL-1 had undergone
fusion to other genes. The extensive analysis described here draws attention to
genes which might have a direct role in pathogenesis
Trauma-related emotions and radical acceptance in dialectical behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse
Background: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) related to childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is often associated with a wide range of trauma-related aversive emotions such as fear, disgust, sadness, shame, guilt, and anger. Intense experience of aversive emotions in particular has been linked to higher psychopathology in trauma survivors. Most established psychosocial treatments aim to reduce avoidance of trauma-related memories and associated emotions. Interventions based on Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) also foster radical acceptance of the traumatic event.
Methods: This study compares individual ratings of trauma-related emotions and radical acceptance between the start and the end of DBT for PTSD (DBT-PTSD) related to CSA. We expected a decrease in trauma-related emotions and an increase in acceptance. In addition, we tested whether therapy response according to the Clinician Administered PTSD-Scale (CAPS) for the DSM-IV was associated with changes in trauma-related emotions and acceptance. The data was collected within a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of DBT-PTSD, and a subsample of 23 women was included in this secondary data analysis.
Results: In a multilevel model, shame, guilt, disgust, distress, and fear decreased significantly from the start to the end of the therapy whereas radical acceptance increased. Therapy response measured with the CAPS was associated with change in trauma-related emotions.
Conclusions: Trauma-related emotions and radical acceptance showed significant changes from the start to the end of DBT-PTSD. Future studies with larger sample sizes and control group designs are needed to test whether these changes are due to the treatment.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT0048100
Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder: A pilot study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is widely regarded as an effective treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), but access to CBT therapists is limited. Internet-based CBT (ICBT) with therapist support is a way to increase access to CBT but has not been developed or tested for OCD. The aim of this study was to evaluate ICBT for OCD.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>An open trial where patients (N = 23) received a 15-week ICBT program with therapist support consisting of psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring and exposure with response prevention. The primary outcome was the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), which was assessed by a psychiatrist before and immediately after treatment. Secondary outcomes were self-rated measures of OCD symptoms, depressive symptoms, general functioning, anxiety and quality of life. All assessments were made at baseline and post-treatment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All participants completed the primary outcome measure at all assessment points. There were reductions in OCD symptoms with a large within-group effect size (Cohen's <it>d </it>= 1.56). At post-treatment, 61% of participants had a clinically significant improvement and 43% no longer fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of OCD. The treatment also resulted in statistically significant improvements in self-rated OCD symptoms, general functioning and depression.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>ICBT with therapist support reduces OCD symptoms, depressive symptoms and improves general functioning. Randomized trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this new treatment format.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov: <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01348529">NCT01348529</a></p
Green function techniques in the treatment of quantum transport at the molecular scale
The theoretical investigation of charge (and spin) transport at nanometer
length scales requires the use of advanced and powerful techniques able to deal
with the dynamical properties of the relevant physical systems, to explicitly
include out-of-equilibrium situations typical for electrical/heat transport as
well as to take into account interaction effects in a systematic way.
Equilibrium Green function techniques and their extension to non-equilibrium
situations via the Keldysh formalism build one of the pillars of current
state-of-the-art approaches to quantum transport which have been implemented in
both model Hamiltonian formulations and first-principle methodologies. We offer
a tutorial overview of the applications of Green functions to deal with some
fundamental aspects of charge transport at the nanoscale, mainly focusing on
applications to model Hamiltonian formulations.Comment: Tutorial review, LaTeX, 129 pages, 41 figures, 300 references,
submitted to Springer series "Lecture Notes in Physics
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