Seething Horizontal Magnetic Fields in the Quiet Solar Photosphere

The photospheric magnetic field outside of active regions and the network has a ubiquitous and dynamic line-of-sight component that strengthens from disk center to limb as expected for a nearly horizontal orientation. This component shows a striking time variation with an average temporal rms near the limb of 1.7 G at ~3" resolution. In our moderate resolution observations the nearly horizontal component has a frequency variation power law exponent of -1.4 below 1.5 mHz and is spatially patchy on scales up to ~15 arcsec. The field may be a manifestation of changing magnetic connections between eruptions and evolution of small magnetic flux elements in response to convective motions. It shows no detectable latitude or longitude variations.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, submitted to ApJ letters, quality of figures significantly degraded here by compression requirement

Bayesian perception of touch for control of robot emotion

In this paper, we present a Bayesian approach for perception of touch and control of robot emotion. Touch is an important sensing modality for the development of social robots, and it is used in this work as stimulus through a human-robot interaction. A Bayesian framework is proposed for perception of various types of touch. This method together with a sequential analysis approach allow the robot to accumulate evidence from the interaction with humans to achieve accurate touch perception for adaptable control of robot emotions. Facial expressions are used to represent the emotions of the iCub humanoid. Emotions in the robotic platform, based on facial expressions, are handled by a control architecture that works with the output from the touch perception process. We validate the accuracy of our system with simulated and real robot touch experiments. Results from this work show that our method is suitable and accurate for perception of touch to control robot emotions, which is essential for the development of sociable robots

A combined Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy and Bayesian strategy for recognition and prediction of gait events using wearable sensors

A robust strategy for recognition and prediction of gait events using wearable sensors is presented in this paper. The strategy adopted here uses a combination of two computational intelligence approaches: Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy and Bayesian methods. Recognition of gait events is performed by a Bayesian method which iteratively accumulates evidence to reduce uncertainty from sensor measurements. Prediction of gait events is based on the observation of decisions and actions made over time by our perception system. An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy system evaluates the reliability of predictions, learns a weighting parameter and controls the amount of predicted information to be used by our Bayesian method. Thus, this strategy ensures the achievement of better recognition and prediction performance in both accuracy and speed. The methods are validated with experiments for recognition and prediction of gait events with different walking activities, using data from wearable sensors attached to lower limbs of participants. Overall, results show the benefits of our combined Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy and Bayesian strategy to achieve fast and accurate decisions, but also to evaluate and adapt its own performance, making it suitable for the development of intelligent assistive and rehabilitation robots

Impact of the Deficiency of Micronutrients on Patients with HIV/Aids

Introduction: HIV-AIDS is an infectious disease that damages the immune system, putting you at risk of serious infections and certain types of cancer. Micronutrient deficiency varies widely, depending on the population and stage of the disease. It can contribute to the weakening of the immune state and the worsening of the physical condition. Objective: To identify through the collection of nutritional information the consequences produced by the lack of micronutrients in patients with HIV-AIDS. Methodology: It was carried out through bibliographic reviews, scientific articles in order to find true and proven information on the effect that micronutrient deficiency has on people with HIV/AIDS. Results: It is shown that clinical deficiencies of some nutrients occur rapidly in response to dietary deficiencies, malabsorption, or altered metabolism, while those nutrients that have reserves in the body take longer to deplete. Discussion: The acquired immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS; is associated with weight loss due to malnutrition. There are foods that can counteract many of the symptoms of the patient with HIV/AIDS, hence the importance of their knowledge. Conclusion: Micronutrient deficiency influences the immune system, accentuating the immunodeficiency that leads to AIDS. People living with this disease should have a balanced diet with Vitamins A, B, zinc and iron to strengthen the immune system, these offer a safe and economical treatment to slow the progression of the infection. Keywords: micronutrients, HIV, AIDS. RESUMEN Introducción: El VIH-SIDA es una enfermedad infecciosa que daña el sistema inmunitario lo que pone en riesgo de contraer infecciones graves y ciertos tipos de cáncer. La deficiencia de micronutrientes varía ampliamente, según la población y el estadio de la enfermedad; puede contribuir al debilitamiento del estado inmune y al empeoramiento de la condición física.  Objetivo: Identificar mediante la recopilación de información nutricional las consecuencias que produce la falta de micronutrientes en pacientes con VIH-SIDA. Metodología: Se realizó a través de revisiones bibliográficas, artículos científicos con el fin de encontrar información verídica y comprobada del efecto que tiene la deficiencia de micronutrientes en personas con VIH/SIDA.  Resultados: Se demuestra que las deficiencias clínicas de algunos nutrientes ocurren rápidamente en respuesta a deficiencias dietéticas, malabsorción, o metabolismo alterado, mientras que aquellos nutrientes que tienen reservas en el cuerpo tardan más en agotarse. Discusión: El virus de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida causante del SIDA; está asociada con la pérdida de peso por malnutrición. Hay muchos alimentos del grupo de los micronutrientes que minimizan manifestaciones clínicas en los enfermos el síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, siendo necesario saber cuáles son. Conclusiones: La deficiencia de micronutrientes influye en el sistema inmune, acentuando la inmunodeficiencia que lleva al SIDA. Las personas que viven con esta enfermedad deben tener una dieta balanceada con Vitaminas A, B, zinc y hierro para fortalecer el sistema inmunológico, estas ofrecen un tratamiento seguro y económico para retardar la progresión de la infección. Palabras claves: micronutrientes, VHI, SIDA

Approximation Algorithms for Connected Maximum Cut and Related Problems

An instance of the Connected Maximum Cut problem consists of an undirected graph G = (V, E) and the goal is to find a subset of vertices S $\subseteq$ V that maximizes the number of edges in the cut \delta(S) such that the induced graph G[S] is connected. We present the first non-trivial \Omega(1/log n) approximation algorithm for the connected maximum cut problem in general graphs using novel techniques. We then extend our algorithm to an edge weighted case and obtain a poly-logarithmic approximation algorithm. Interestingly, in stark contrast to the classical max-cut problem, we show that the connected maximum cut problem remains NP-hard even on unweighted, planar graphs. On the positive side, we obtain a polynomial time approximation scheme for the connected maximum cut problem on planar graphs and more generally on graphs with bounded genus.Comment: 17 pages, Conference version to appear in ESA 201

Neutrinos and Nucleosynthesis in Supernova

The type II supernova is considered as a candidate site for the production of heavy elements. The nucleosynthesis occurs in an intense neutrino flux, we calculate the electron fraction in this environment.Comment: RevTex4 style, 3 pages including 1 figure. Presented at Mexican School of Astrophysics 2002, Guanajuato, Mexico, 31 Jul - 7 Aug 2002. Final version to appear in the Proceedings of IX Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields Physics Beyond the Standard Model, Colima Col. Mexico, November 17-22, 200

H3++H_3^{++} molecular ions can exist in strong magnetic fields

Using the variational method it is shown that for magnetic fields $B\geq 10^{11}$ G there can exist a molecular ion $H_3^{++}$.Comment: LaTeX, 7 pp, 1 table, 4 figures. Title modified. Consideration of the longitudinal size of the system was adde

The effect of ovarian cancer screening on sexual activity and functioning: results from the UK collaborative trial of ovarian cancer screening RCT

Background: To examine the impact of multimodal (MMS) and ultrasound (USS) screening on the sexual activity and functioning of 22,966 women in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS) RCT. Methods: Fallowfield’s Sexual Activity Questionnaire (FSAQ) was completed prior to randomisation, then annually in a random sample (RS) of women from MMS, USS and control groups. Any women in the study who required repeat screening due to unsatisfactory results formed an Events Sample (ES); they completed questionnaires following an event and annually thereafter. Results: Over time in the RS (n=1,339) there was no difference between the MMS and USS groups in sexual activity compared with controls. In the ES there were significant differences between the USS group (n=10,156) and the MMS group (n=12,810). The USS group had lower pleasure scores (mean difference = -0.14, P=0.046). For both groups women who had ≥2 repeat screens, showed a decrease in mean pleasure scores compared to their annual scores (mean difference = -0.16, P=0.005). Similarly mean pleasure scores decreased following more intensive screens compared to annual screening (mean difference= -0.09, P=0.046). Conclusion: Ovarian cancer screening did not affect sexual activity and functioning unless a woman had abnormal results and underwent repeated or higher level screening

Evolutionary extreme learning machine for the interval type-2 radial basis function neural network: A fuzzy modelling approach

Evolutionary Extreme Learning Machine (E-ELM) is frequently much more efficient than traditional gradient-based algorithms for the parameter identification of feedforward neural networks. In particular, E-ELM is usually faster and provides a higher trade-off between accuracy and model simplicity. For that reason, this paper shows that an E-ELM that is based on Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) and Extreme Learning machine (ELM) can be extended to the Interval Type-2 Radial Basis Function Neural Network (IT2-RBFNN) with a Karnik-Mendel type-reduction layer. To evaluate the efficiency of E-ELM, the IT2-RBFNN is used as an Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System (IT2 FLS) for the modelling of two popular benchmark data sets and for the prediction of chaotic time series. According to our results, E-ELM applied to the IT2-RBFNN not only outperforms adaptive-gradient-based algorithms and provides a better generalisation compared to other existing IT2 fuzzy methodologies, but similarly to pure fuzzy models, the IT2-RBFNN is also able to preserve some model interpretation and transparency

Underbarrier nucleation kinetics in a metastable quantum liquid near the spinodal

We develop a theory in order to describe the effect of relaxation in a condensed medium upon the quantum decay of a metastable liquid near the spinodal at low temperatures. We find that both the regime and the rate of quantum nucleation strongly depend on the relaxation time and its temperature behavior. The quantum nucleation rate slows down with the decrease of the relaxation time. We also discuss the low temperature experiments on cavitation in normal $^3$He and superfluid $^4$He at negative pressures. It is the sharp distinctions in the high frequency sound mode and in the temperature behavior of the relaxation time that make the quantum cavitation kinetics in $^3$He and $^4$He completely different in kind.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure