Global Public Goods

Recognition of the interdependencies characterizing the Earth (a global common) and the globalization phenomenon necessitate collective actions at the global level to solve multilateral issues in trade, finance, environment, spread of infectious diseases and security. There is also growing awareness that the existing institutional arrangements to solve multilateral issues exhibit signs of adaptive (dynamic) inefficiency, with institutional changes lagging behind rapidly evolving realities as manifested in growing tensions in reaching cooperative solutions. An International Task Force on Global Public Goods was constituted in 2003 to identify relevant international public goods froma perspective of reducing poverty and to study the provision and financing issues. See International Task Force on Global Public Goods (2006). This Task Force has identified the following priority global public goods (GPGs) : (a) preventing the emergence and spread of infectious disease, (b) tackling climate change, (c) enhancing international financial stability, (d) strengthening the international trading system, (e) achieving peace and security, and (f) generating knowledge. We need a framework for defining, identifying, providing and financing GPGs. Section 2 reviews alternative approaches to defining GPGs. Section 3 classifies GPGs into two categories : pure global public goods and global public goods by global public choice. Section 4 considers delivery systems for GPGs. It assesses the existing institutional frameworks for the supply of pureGPGs through the lens of GPGframework developed by Kaul et al (2003). Then it considers the division of labour among stakeholders at global, national and state levels using the Subsidiarity Principle. Finally, it suggests some changes in the delivery systemfor an efficient provision of GPGs. Section 5 explores the financing options. Section 6 contains concluding remarks.global public goods, globalization, International Task Force, GPG, pure global public goods, global public goods

A Novel Fractal Antenna in Planar Configuration for Wireless Devices

In today’s wireless communication, there has been an increasing need for more compact, portable and wideband radiators. There is a need to evolve antenna designs to minimum size which can be used in many practical applications in modern 2G, 3G, LTW, WiFi and WiMax wireless communications systems. Fractal antenna is one such antenna which is irregular in shape and it is mainly used for wireless applications. Thus, the objective is to design a novel fractal geometry which exhibits self similarity property and can be confined to space. The new proposed fractal antenna is designed in such a way that it can be operating at a frequency of 2.4GHz. This structure is built up through replication of a base shape, improving antenna performance. The purpose of this project is to explore fractal elements antennas through simulation and design experimentation. In the proposed approach, simulators are carried out using FEKO simulator 6.1 and the results are compared with the existing structures of monopole and Koch fractal. The design is implemented in planar structure also to improve its characteristics when compared to the wire monopole

Testing LSND at long-baseline neutrino experiments

Recently it was suggested that two very different mass-squared differences play a role in atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The larger of these also accounts for the LSND result and the smaller of these also drives the solar neutrino oscillations. We consider the predictions of this scheme for long-baseline experiments. We find that high statistics experiments, such as MINOS, can observe a clean signal for this scheme, which is clearly distinguishable from the usual scheme of atmospheric neutrino oscillations driven by a single mass-squared difference

Cu K-absorption edge study of cuprate superconductors

Cu K-absorption edges of YBa2Cu3O6.9, Tl2CaBa2Cu2O8 and Bi2CaSr2Cu2O8 show similar features. Copper is mainly in the 2+ state in these cuprates suggesting the likely presence of oxygen holes

Mathematical Analysis of Carreau Fluid model for Blood Flow in Tapered Constricted Arteries

The pulsatile flow of blood through a tapered constricted narrow artery is investigated in this study, treating the blood as Carreau fluid model. The constriction in the artery is due to the formation of asymmetric stenosis in the lumen of the artery. The expressions obtained by Sankar (2016) for the various flow quantities are used to analyze the flow with different arterial geometry. The influence of various flow parameters on the velocity distribution, wall shear stress and longitudinal impedance to flow is discussed. The velocity of blood increases with the increase of the power law index and stenosis shape parameter and it decreases considerably with the increase of the maximum depth of the stenosis. The wall shear stress and longitudinal impedance to flow decrease with the increase stenosis shape parameter, amplitude of the pulsatile pressure gradient, flow rate, power law index and Weissenberg number. The estimates of the percentage of increase in the wall shear stress and longitudinal impedance to flow increase with the increase of the angle tapering and these increase significantly with the increase of the maximum depth of the stenosis. The mean velocity of blood decreases considerably with the increase of the artery radius (except in arteriole), maximum depth of the stenosis and angle of tapering and it is considerably higher in pulsatile flow of blood than in the steady flow of blood

EFFECTIVENESS OF VESTIBULAR STIMULATION IN CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL COORDINATION DISORDER

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find out the effects of vestibular stimulation in developmental coordination disorder (DCD) children. Methodology: Thirty children (n=30) were screened using the DCD questionnaire (DCDQ). After baseline screening among the 30 children, 15 were confirmed as suspects of DCD. Vestibular stimulation was given for all the 15 children. Results: It is revealed that the motor coordination was improved significantly in children with DCD. Conclusion: The present study concluded that vestibular stimulation is effective to enhance performance in tasks requiring motor coordination

Initial Oxygen Incorporation in the Prismatic Surfaces of Troilite FeS

We present a theoretical investigation of the prismatic (011̅0) surface of troilite in an oxidizing environment, which aims to elucidate the presence of oxygen detected experimentally in the pyrrhotite Fe1–xS nanoparticles. We find that atomic oxygen adsorbs in Fe–O–Fe bridging motifs, which are thermodynamically stable under ambient conditions. During the first oxidation steps, the formation of the S–O bond is less favored than Fe–O, suggesting that the sulfur oxides detected experimentally form only subsequently. We predict, moreover, that substitution of sulfur for oxygen can occur. The appearance of Fe–O–Fe–O–Fe bridging motifs due to successive adsorptions points toward a clustering growth of the oxidic units. In agreement with the experimental observations, the oxidation of troilite is exothermic, where the equilibrium between adsorption and substitution is influenced by the presence of Fe vacancies

Real-space Manifestations of Bottlenecks in Turbulence Spectra

An energy-spectrum bottleneck, a bump in the turbulence spectrum between the inertial and dissipation ranges, is shown to occur in the non-turbulent, one-dimensional, hyperviscous Burgers equation and found to be the Fourier-space signature of oscillations in the real-space velocity, which are explained by boundary-layer-expansion techniques. Pseudospectral simulations are used to show that such oscillations occur in velocity correlation functions in one- and three-dimensional hyperviscous hydrodynamical equations that display genuine turbulence.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure