Cross-sectional evaluation of the periapical status as related to quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations in a rural adult male population of Turkey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To determine the prevalence of periapical lesions in root canal-treated teeth in a rural, male adult, Turkish population and to investigate the influence of the quality of root canal fillings on prevalence of periapical lesions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The sample for this cross-sectional study consisted of 552 adult male patients, 18-32 years of age, presenting consecutively as new patients seeking routine dental care at the Dental Sciences of Gulhane Military Medicine, Ankara. The radiographs of the 1014 root canal-treated teeth were evaluated. The teeth were grouped according to the radiographic quality of the root canal filling and the coronal restoration. The criteria used for the examination were slightly modified from those described by De Moor. Periapical status was assessed by the Periapical Index scores (PAI) proposed by Orstavik.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall success rate of root canal treatment was 32.1%. The success rates of adequately root canal treatment were significantly higher than inadequately root canal treatment, regardless of the quality or presence of the coronal restoration (P < .001). In addition, the success rate of inadequate root canal treatment was also significantly affected by the quality of coronal restorations.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results revealed a high prevalence of periapical lesions in root canal treatment, which is comparable to that reported in other methodologically compatible studies from diverse geographical locations. In addition, the results from the present study confirm the findings of other studies that found the quality of the root canal treatment to be a key factor for prognosis with or without adequate coronal restoration.</p

Prevalence of apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment in a Kosovar adult population

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite numerous studies on the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and endodontic treatment in diverse geographical populations, there are currently no data on the prevalence of these conditions in populations of adults native to Kosovo. Therefore, little is known about how widespread these conditions are, and whether there is any correlation between root canal treatment and AP. The purpose of our research was to address this anomaly by investigating AP and endodontic treatment in an adult Kosovar population based on radiographic examination.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The sample used for this study consisted of randomly selected individuals referred to the University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo in the years 2006-2007. Orthopantomographs of 193 patients were evaluated. The periapical status of all teeth (with the exception of third molars) was examined according to Ørstavik's Periapical Index. The quality of the root canal filling was rated as 'adequate' or 'inadequate' based on whether all canals were filled, the depth of fill relative to the radiographic apex and the quality of compaction (absence/presence of voids). Data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test and calculation of odds ratios.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Out of 4131 examined teeth, the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and endodontic treatment was 12.3% and 2.3%, respectively. Of 95 endodontically-treated teeth, 46.3% were associated with AP. The prevalence of AP increased with age. The prevalence in subjects aged over 60 years old (20.2%) was higher than in other age groups. A statistically significant difference was found for the frequency of endodontically-treated teeth associated with AP in the 40-49 year age group (P < 0.001). Of some concern was the discovery that only 30.5% of the endodontically-treated teeth examined met the criteria of an acceptable root canal filling. Inadequately root-filled teeth were associated with an increased AP risk.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The prevalence of AP and the frequency of endodontically-treated teeth with AP in this Kosovar population are higher than those found in other countries. Inadequate root canal fillings were associated with an increased prevalence of AP.</p

Global patient outcomes after elective surgery: prospective cohort study in 27 low-, middle- and high-income countries.

BACKGROUND: As global initiatives increase patient access to surgical treatments, there remains a need to understand the adverse effects of surgery and define appropriate levels of perioperative care. METHODS: We designed a prospective international 7-day cohort study of outcomes following elective adult inpatient surgery in 27 countries. The primary outcome was in-hospital complications. Secondary outcomes were death following a complication (failure to rescue) and death in hospital. Process measures were admission to critical care immediately after surgery or to treat a complication and duration of hospital stay. A single definition of critical care was used for all countries. RESULTS: A total of 474 hospitals in 19 high-, 7 middle- and 1 low-income country were included in the primary analysis. Data included 44 814 patients with a median hospital stay of 4 (range 2-7) days. A total of 7508 patients (16.8%) developed one or more postoperative complication and 207 died (0.5%). The overall mortality among patients who developed complications was 2.8%. Mortality following complications ranged from 2.4% for pulmonary embolism to 43.9% for cardiac arrest. A total of 4360 (9.7%) patients were admitted to a critical care unit as routine immediately after surgery, of whom 2198 (50.4%) developed a complication, with 105 (2.4%) deaths. A total of 1233 patients (16.4%) were admitted to a critical care unit to treat complications, with 119 (9.7%) deaths. Despite lower baseline risk, outcomes were similar in low- and middle-income compared with high-income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Poor patient outcomes are common after inpatient surgery. Global initiatives to increase access to surgical treatments should also address the need for safe perioperative care. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN5181700

EXPRESSION OF THE HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE-1 GLYCOPROTEIN-E IN HUMAN-CELLS AND IN ESCHERICHIA-COLI - PROTECTION STUDIES AGAINST LETHAL VIRAL-INFECTION IN MICE

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HER-3 targeting alters the dimerization pattern of ErbB protein family members in breast carcinomas

Breast carcinogenesis is a multi-step process in which membrane receptor tyrosine kinases are crucial participants. Lots of research has been done on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER-2 with important clinical results. However, breast cancer patients present intrinsic or acquired resistance to available HER-2-directed therapies, mainly due to HER-3. Using new techniques, such as proximity ligation assay, herein we evaluate the dimerization pattern of HER-3 and the importance of context-dependent dimer formation between HER-3 and other HER protein family members. Additionally, we show that the efficacy of novel HER-3 targeting agents can be better predicted in certain breast cancer patient sub-groups based on the dimerization pattern of HER protein family members. Moreover, this model was also evaluated and reproduced in human paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues

Escherichia coli expressed herpes simplex virus gG1 and gG2 proteins in ELISA and immunoblotting assays

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Differential expression of the host lipid regulators angptl‐3 and angptl‐4 in hcv infection and treatment

Host lipid metabolism reprogramming is essential for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and progression to severe liver disease. Direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) in most patients, but virus eradication does not always protect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Angiopoietin‐like protein‐3 (ANGPTL‐3) and angiopoietin‐like protein‐ 4 (ANGPTL‐4) regulate the clearance of plasma lipids by inhibiting cellular lipase activity and possess emerging roles in tumourigenesis. We used ELISA and RT‐qPCR to investigate ANGPTL‐3 and ANGPTL‐4 expression in HCV patients with characterised fibrosis throughout the natural history of hepatitis C and in long‐term HCV infection in vitro, before and after DAA treatment. ANGPTL‐ 3 was decreased in patients with advanced fibrosis compared to other disease stages, while ANGPTL‐4 was progressively increased from acute infection to cirrhosis and HCC, peaking at the advanced fibrosis stage. Only ANGPTL‐3 mRNA was down‐regulated during early infection in vitro, although both ANGPTLs were increased later. DAA treatment did not alter ANGPTL‐3 levels in advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis and in HCV infection in vitro, in contrast to ANGPTL‐4. The association between ANGPTLs and fibrosis in HCV infection was underlined by an inverse correlation between the levels of ANGPTLs and serum transforming growth factor‐ β (TGF‐β). Collectively, we demonstrate the pivotal role of advanced fibrosis in defining the expression fate of ANGPTLs in HCV infection and after treatment and propose a role for ANGPTL‐3 as a contributor to post‐treatment deregulation of lipid metabolism that could predispose certain individuals to HCC development. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Characterization of herpes simplex virus type 1 recombinants that express and incorporate high levels of HCV E2-gC chimeric proteins

We report the construction of two HSV-1 recombinants encoding chimeric forms of the E2 glycoprotein of HCV-1a composed of the ectodomain of E2 (aa384-611 or 384-711) fused to different parts of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain of the HSV-1 gC glycoprotein (gC). The parental HSV-1, known as KgBpK(-)gC(-), is deleted for gC and the main heparan sulphate (HS) binding domain of gB, and it exhibits impaired binding (ca. 80%) to HS compared to the wild type virus KOS [Laquerre, S., Argnani, R., Anderson, D.B., Zucchini, S., Manservigi, R., Glorioso, J.C., 1998. Heparan sulphate proteoglycan binding by herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoproteins B and C, which differ in their contributions to virus attachment, penetration, and cell-to-cell spread. J. Virol. 72, 6119-6130]. We show that gC:E2 proteins are efficiently expressed and transported to the cell surface. We also demonstrate that HSV-1 can incorporate both gC:E2 chimeric proteins into particles and show that incorporation of both chimeric molecules in the viral envelope partially restored binding (ca. 20%) of the HSV-1 recombinants to heparan sulphate. Finally, we showed that the gC:E2ScaI chimeric glycoprotein was able to bind a recombinant form of hCD81 and virion-expressed gC:E2ScaI permitted the binding of the HSV-1 recombinant virus to the hCD81 molecule