An invertibility criterion in a C*-algebra acting on the Hardy space with applications to composition operators

In this paper we prove an invertibility criterion for certain operators which is given as a linear algebraic combination of Toeplitz operators and Fourier multipliers acting on the Hardy space of the unit disc. Very similar to the case of Toeplitz operators we prove that such operators are invertible if and only if they are Fredholm and their Fredholm index is zero. As an application we prove that for "quasi-parabolic" composition operators the spectra and the essential spectra are equal.Comment: 10 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1002.4640, arXiv:1205.605

Moral Foundations of Pragmatism and Its Evaluation in Terms of Moral Education

Ethics, which we can say that it is directly related to what people do, is based on different understandings in the literature of philosophy. These justifications are sometimes expressed by the 'good-bad' understandings independent of people, and sometimes by the world of values connected to human beings. While man divides what is happening around him into two parts as the factual world and the world of values, morality has become the central position of the world of values. In teaching, where theory and practice go hand in hand, it is seen that practices that are not guided by theory do not reach the goal. Teaching, which is a moral investment, requires carefull synthesis of theory and practice. In the last century, it is seen that the pragmatic theory has increased its influence in the scientific world. An application-centered approach to human knowledge, behavior, and social phenomena, pragmatism claims that there is no distinction between facts and values and knowledge and beliefs. In the research, it has been discussed what the moral understanding based on pragmatism is based on the principle of utility and what kind of reflections this understanding has on moral education and training. In this context, it has been revealed that according to pragmatism, reality is not something static and unchanging, but something dynamic and constantly changing. Pragmatist moral education attaches importance to meeting the interests and needs of the child by drawing attention to the present and social aspect of the child, emphasizing the student's individual construction process, productivity and creativity. However, pragmatists try to put forward an ethics of value judgments based on developmental and social psychology. The pragmatists, who believe that moral education can only be built with individual practices, are against the essentialist education approach, which aims only to prepare the student for the future by denying the needs that the student needs today. In pragmatist moral education, the programs should be raised to the level where the student not only learns at the level of knowledge, but also can reason. In addition, importance should be given to the affective development of the student, and necessary arrangements should be made to increase his moral sensitivity. In this way, morality will manifest itself in the form of concrete behaviors, and students will gain the habit of classifying and evaluating facts according to a value criterion. The purpose of pragmatist teaching is to provide an environment for the child to identify and enforce their own choices and subject them to a final evaluation. The research revealed that ethical knowledge in pragmatism is seen as a product of knowledge, judgment and sensitivity. In addition, it can be said that pragmatists do not go beyond European thought geographically while limiting and addressing their moral understanding, and they evaluate the historical development only through the history of European thought. In addition, pragmatists base knowledge, truth, truth and reality only on experience, accept it as an invention and base reality on utility; negatively affected the efforts to reach the universal truth and opened the door to the thought that was dragged into relativity day by day. The phenomenon of student-centered learning by directly experimenting and experiencing, put forward by pragmatists, has been positively received by many thinkers. However, the fact that pragmatists prioritize scientific method, change and relativity and reject absolute truths is the focus of criticism directed at them. Considering the answers given by pragmatism to moral problems as a whole, it is seen that there are many aspects of his thought that are open to criticism. In the article, in which data sets and text analysis method, which are qualitative research methods, are used, it has been revealed that learning through experience is an important phenomenon in moral education for pragmatists. According to them, students learn science where they can examine the contents they encounter in daily life in a scientific way. As a result of the research, pragmatists revealed; It has been seen that the phenomenon of learning directly, by experimenting, by experiencing is welcomed by many thinkers, but when the answers given to moral problems are taken into account, it has been seen that his thought has many aspects that are open to criticism

Chitin-Chitosan Yield of Freshwater Crab (Potamon potamios, Olivier 1804) Shell

In this study, freshwater crab (Potamon potamios, Olivier 1804), economically unevaluated, was used to obtain chitin-chitosan. Chitin-chitosan was extracted with standardized modified chemical method. Chitosan was extracted with demineralization, deproteinization, decoloration (chitin) and deacetylation (chitosan). Grinded shell was obtained as 60% after boiling, drying and grinding processes. Chitosan yield of crab shell was determined as 4.65% from grinded crab shell after demineralization (yield is 34.32%), deproteinization (yield is 7.25%), decoloration (yield is 6.83%) and deacetylation processes. Moreover, freshwater crab stock was estimated with catch per unit effort (CPUE) data in Eğirdir Lake for calculation of quantity of chitosan. Population size was estimated between 12.85±11.88 and 23.86±25.39 tones and freshwater crab was determined as an appropriate crustacean to obtain chitin-chitosan

Identifying clinical characteristics of hypoparathyroidism in Turkey: HIPOPARATURK‑NET study

Hypoparathyroidism is an orphan disease with ill-defined epidemiology that is subject to geographic variability. We conducted this study to assess the demographics, etiologic distribution, treatment patterns and complication frequency of patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism in Turkey. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional database study, with collaboration of 30 endocrinology centers located in 20 cities across seven geographical regions of Turkey. A total of 830 adults (mean age 49.6 ± 13.5 years; female 81.2%) with hypoparathyroidism (mean duration 9.7 ± 9.0 years) were included in the final analysis. Hypoparathyroidism was predominantly surgery-induced (n = 686, 82.6%). The insulting surgeries was carried out mostly due to benign causes in postsurgical group (SG) (n = 504, 73.5%) while patients in nonsurgical group (NSG) was most frequently classified as idiopathic (n = 103, 71.5%). The treatment was highly dependent on calcium salts (n = 771, 92.9%), calcitriol (n = 786, 94.7%) and to a lower extent cholecalciferol use (n = 635, 76.5%) while the rate of parathyroid hormone (n = 2, 0.2%) use was low. Serum calcium levels were most frequently kept in the normal range (sCa 8.5–10.5 mg/dL, n = 383, 46.1%) which might be higher than desired for this patient group. NSG had a lower mean plasma PTH concentration (6.42 ± 5.53 vs. 9.09 ± 7.08 ng/l, p < 0.0001), higher daily intake of elementary calcium (2038 ± 1214 vs. 1846 ± 1355 mg/day, p = 0.0193) and calcitriol (0.78 ± 0.39 vs. 0.69 ± 0.38 mcg/day, p = 0.0057), a higher rate of chronic renal disease (9.7% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.0017), epilepsy (6.3% vs. 1.6%, p = 0.0009), intracranial calcifications (11.8% vs. 7.3%, p < 0.0001) and cataracts (22.2% vs. 13.7%, p = 0.0096) compared to SG. In conclusion, postsurgical hypoparathyroidism is the dominant etiology of hypoparathyroidism in Turkey while the nonsurgical patients have a higher disease burden with greater need for medications and increased risk of complications than the postsurgical patients

A RARE COMPLICATION OF ENTERAL NUTRITION: ESOPHAGEAL OBSTRUCTION

Sindirim sistemlerinde sorun olmayan yoğun bakım hastalarında enteral yol beslenme için ilk seçenektir. Parenteral yola göre daha nadir olmakla birlikte enteral beslenme sırasında da metabolik ve mekanik komplikasyonlarla karşılaşılabilmektedir. Özefagusun besin artıklarıyla tıkanması enteral beslenme sırasında görülebilen nadir mekanik sorunlardan biridir. Elliiki yaşında kadın hasta, abdominal distansiyon, pnömoni ve solunum yetersizliği tanılarıyla Anesteziyoloji Yoğun Bakım ünitesine alındı. Mekanik ventilasyon sağaltımı boyunca sedo-analjezi ve kas gevşetici ajanlar uygulandı. AYB ünitesine alınışının 3. gününde enteral beslenme başlandı. AYB deki 9. günde nazogastrik sonda, pasajının tıkanması üzerine yenisi ile değiştirilmek istendi. Çıkartılan sondanın yerine yeni sonda yerleştirilemedi. Endoskopik değerlendirmede özefagus 1/3 alt bölümünün gıda artıklarıyla karışık beyaz sarı memb-ranlardan oluşan bir kitle tarafından tıkandığı saptandı. Kitle mideye itilerek özefagus açıldı. Mekanik ventilasyon sırasında sedo-analjezik ve kas gevşeticilerin neden olabildiği motilite bozukluğu, eşlik eden yükselmiş karın içi basıncı varlığında gastroesofageal reflüyü artırarak, özefagusun enteral beslenme ürünleriyle tıkanmasını kolaylaştırabilir. Enteral route should be used for feeding of the critically ill patients with healthy gastrointestinal system. However metabolic and mechanical complications may occur during the enteral nutrition. Esophageal obstruction is one of the rare mechanical complications of enteral feeding. Fifty-two years old women with abdominal distention, pneumonia and respiratory failure was referred to intensive care unit. Mechanical ventilation was started with intravenous application of sedo-analgesics and muscle relaxants. In the 3th day of her referral enteral nutrition was started with enteral feeding solution. In the 6th day of feeding, the nasogastric tube was obstructed. Attempts for nasogastric tube replacement failed. Yellowish-white obstructing material in the esophageal lumen has been seen during the esophagoscopy. The material was cleared from the lumen and the passage was opened. Increased intraabdominal pressure with the use of sedo-analgesics may cause gastroesophageal reflux, concretions and consequently esophageal obstruction

Mortality Related Risk Factors in High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism in the ICU

Introduction. We sought to identify possible risk factors associated with mortality in patients with high-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Patients and Methods. PE patients, diagnosed with computer tomography pulmonary angiography, were included from two ICUs and were categorized into groups: group 1 high-risk patients and group 2 intermediate/low-risk patients. Results. Fifty-six patients were included. Of them, 41 (73.2%) were group 1 and 15 (26.7%) were group 2. When compared to group 2, need for vasopressor therapy (0 vs 68.3%; p18 (OR 42.47 95% CI 1.50–1201.1), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 30.10 95% CI 1.96–463.31), and thrombolytic therapy (OR 0.03 95% CI 0.01–0.98) were found as independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion. In high-risk PE, admission APACHE II score and need for invasive mechanical ventilation may predict death in ICU. Thrombolytic therapy seems to be beneficial in these patients

The Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning and N-Acetylcysteine with Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Rat Hepatic Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Model

Background. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) and pharmacological preconditioning are the effective methods that can be used to prevent ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of RIP and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) with RIP in the rat hepatic IR injury model. Materials and Methods. 28 rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I (sham): only laparotomy was performed. Group II (IR): following 30 minutes of hepatic pedicle occlusion, 4 hours of reperfusion was performed. Group III (RIP + IR): following 3 cycles of RIP, hepatic IR was performed. Group IV (RIP + NAC + IR): following RIP and intraperitoneal administration of NAC (150 mg/kg), hepatic IR was performed. All the rats were sacrificed after blood samples were taken for the measurements of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and liver was processed for conventional histopathology. Results. The hepatic histopathological injury scores of RIP + IR and RIP + NAC + IR groups were significantly lower than IR group (P = 0.006, P = 0.003, resp.). There were no significant differences in AST and ALT values between the IR, RIP + IR, and RIP + NAC + IR groups. Conclusions. In the present study, it was demonstrated histopathologically that RIP and RIP + NAC decreased hepatic IR injury significantly

The frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy and Pompe disease in children with isolated transaminase elevation: results from the observational VICTORIA study

IntroductionElevated transaminases and/or creatine phosphokinase can indicate underlying muscle disease. Therefore, this study aims to determine the frequency of Duchenne muscular dystrophy/Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD) in male children and Pompe disease (PD) in male and female children with isolated hypertransaminasemia.MethodsThis multi-center, prospective study enrolled patients aged 3–216 months with serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and/or aspartate transaminase (AST) levels &gt;2× the upper limit of normal (ULN) for ≥3 months. Patients with a known history of liver or muscle disease or physical examination findings suggestive of liver disease were excluded. Patients were screened for creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and molecular genetic tests for DMD/BMD in male patients and enzyme analysis for PD in male and female patients with elevated CPK levels were performed. Genetic analyses confirmed PD. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the patients were analyzed.ResultsOverall, 589 patients [66.8% male, mean age of 63.4 months (standard deviation: 60.5)] were included. In total, 251 patients (188 male and 63 female) had CPK levels above the ULN. Of the patients assessed, 47% (85/182) of male patients were diagnosed with DMD/BMD and 1% (3/228) of male and female patients were diagnosed with PD. The median ALT, AST, and CPK levels were statistically significantly higher, and the questioned neurological symptoms and previously unnoticed examination findings were more common in DMD/BMD patients than those without DMD/BMD or PD (p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionQuestioning neurological symptoms, conducting a complete physical examination, and testing for CPK levels in patients with isolated hypertransaminasemia will prevent costly and time-consuming investigations for liver diseases and will lead to the diagnosis of occult neuromuscular diseases. Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT04120168