More than a virus: : How COVID 19 infected education in Turkey?

Purpose: We aim with this report to provide information on how the Covid-19 pandemic affected education and citizenship education in Turkey. Design: The report is based on literature review, the analysis of social media, and the observations of the authors. We provide a general framework of Turkish education after the pandemic using sources such as official statements from government offices; social media entries were analyzed to provide different perspectives. Finally, observations of the authors based on their experiences with distance learning were included in the report. Findings: We argue that despite the efforts of the state, there are still problems in the distance learning process, mainly relating to the access to online classes and the very limited room given to Covid-19 as a topic in social studies courses. In addition, we find that social media have played a significant role in increasing citizen participation as a consequence of the pandemi

The image of women in the life science textbooks : Hayat bilgisi ders kitaplarında kadın imgesi

The aim of this research is primary school 1, 2 and 3. the knowledge of life taught in classrooms is to examine the image of women in textbooks. Within the framework of this purpose, the problem sentence of the research is “How is the image of a woman given in the texts and images of elementary school life science textbooks?" is designed in the form of. Qualitative research method was used in the study. These textbooks have been examined with the document analysis technique and all of the images with “woman” in both their texts and images have been noted and marked by coloring. In the second reading, a meticulous coding was made and expressions with temporary theme names were classified according to their similarities, adhering to the essence. The statements in the themes were summarized by the researchers by reading them over and over again, adding and combining them. When the distribution of the professions included in the textbooks according to gender is examined, it is seen that men are more numerous than women both in working life and in choosing a profession. It is observed that the professions performed by women are professions that require less physical strength and endurance compared to the professions performed by men. However, textbooks, rather than limiting the possibilities, should try to contribute to the individual development of children by providing as wide a range of models and activities as possible. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Bu araştırmanın amacı ilkokul 1, 2 ve 3. sınıflarda okutulan hayat bilgisi ders kitaplarındaki kadın imgesini incelemektir. Bu amaç çerçevesinde araştırmanın problem cümlesi “İlkokul hayat bilgisi ders kitaplarının metinlerinde ve görsellerinde kadın imgesi nasıl verilmiştir?” şeklinde dizayn edilmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu ders kitapları doküman analizi tekniği ile incelenmiş ve gerek metinlerinde gerekse görsellerinde “kadın” ile imgelerin tamamı not edilmiş ve renklendirilerek işaretlenmiştir. İkinci okumada titiz bir kodlama yapılmış ve öze bağlı kalınarak geçici tema adlarına sahip ifadeler benzerliklerine göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Temalardaki ifadeler araştırmacılar tarafından tekrar tekrar okunarak, ekleme ve birleştirme şeklinde özetlenmiştir. Ders kitaplarında yer alan mesleklerin cinsiyetlere göre dağılımı incelendiğinde erkeklerin hem çalışma yaşamında hem de meslek seçiminde kadınlara oranla sayıca fazla oldukları görülmektedir. Kadınların yaptıkları mesleklerin, erkeklerin yaptıkları mesleklere orana daha az beden gücü ve dayanıklılık gerektiren meslekler olduğu görülmektedir. Oysa ders kitapları, olasılıkları sınırlandırmaktan çok, olabildiğince geniş bir modeller ve etkinlikler yelpazesi sunarak çocukların bireysel gelişimine katkı yapmaya çalışmalıdır

Woman in “The Civics Book for Turkish Children”: “Türk Yavrularına Yurt Bilgisi” kitabında kadın

The purpose of this research is to examine the image of women in “The Civics Book for Turkish Children”, which was written for the fifth grade civics course of primary school and taught since the academic year 1931-1932. This study has a qualitative research model. The data were collected through document review and analyzed using content analysis. The book was examined with the document analysis technique and all the images related to “woman” were noted in both the texts and images and marked by coloring on the screen. In the second reading, meticulous encodings were made and expressions with temporary theme names were classified according to their similarities, adhering to their essence. The form of expression of each content was concluded with the decision of four researchers. At this stage, direct phrases appropriate to each of the themes were determined in order to further elaborate on or support the theme. In the texts and visuals of the textbook “The Civics Book for Turkish Children”, the image of women was shaped according to the social and political structure of the period, and an attempt was made to reflect the role of women in the atmosphere of that period. This situation has parallels with the evaluation results encountered in the research literature related to textbooks and children's books. Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. Özet Bu araştırmanın amacı ilkokul beşinci sınıf yurt bilgisi dersleri için yazılmış ve 1931-1932 öğretim yılından itibaren beşinci sınıflarda okutulmuş olan “Türk Yavrularına Yurt Bilgisi” kitabında kadın imgesini incelemektir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Veriler doküman incelemesi yoluyla toplanmış ve içerik analizi kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Kitap doküman analizi tekniği ile incelenmiş ve “kadın” ile ilgili tüm görseller hem metinlerde hem de görsellerde not edilmiş ve ekranda renklendirilerek işaretlenmiştir. İkinci okumada titizlikle kodlamalar yapılmış ve özlerine bağlı kalarak benzerliklerine göre geçici tema adlarına sahip ifadeler sınıflandırılmıştır. Her bir içeriğin ifade biçimi dört araştırmacının kararı ile sonuçlandırılmıştır. Bu aşamada, temayı daha da detaylandırmak veya desteklemek için temaların her birine uygun doğrudan ifadeler belirlenmiştir.  “Türk Çocukları için Yurttaşlık Kitabı” ders kitabının metin ve görsellerinde kadın imajı dönemin sosyal ve politik yapısına göre şekillenmiş ve o dönemin atmosferinde kadının rolünü yansıtmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu durum ders kitapları ve çocuk kitapları ile ilgili araştırma literatüründe karşılaşılan değerlendirme sonuçlarıyla paraleldir

Treatment of paper recycling wastewater using microwave technology

In this study, we conducted a novel method by using a household type Microwave Owen (MW) under selected operational parameters (power and time) to treat wastewater from paper recycling under laboratory conditions. We seek to evaluate changes of the MW experimental parameters, comparatively. All measured pH values were found to be in very narrow range, between pH 7.10 (BII) and pH 7.53 (DIV), in slightly alkaline range (>7.0). However, the highest Electrical Conductivity (EC) difference was found to be 46 µS/cm. The 60 seconds MW irradiated samples at four power levels (90-, 180-, 270-, 360 Watts) showed higher ORP values than control (C1: 195 mV) while the highest ORP value of 213 mV was found with sample treated 360 W and 60 seconds (DIV). It is notable that sample DIV showed the highest pH, EC, ORP and TDS value. The control sample had turbidity value of 42.5 NTU. In all MW power levels and durations, turbidity removal was apparent which MW impact on turbidity. The lowest turbidity value of 22.2 NTU was found with sample DIV which was the highest rate of turbidity removal efficiency (DIV: 86.2%). The present study revealed that MW irradiation could be used to effectively reduce the selected physicochemical parameters that may assist in the description of wastewater quality

Regio- and stereo-chemical ring-opening reactions of the 2,3-epoxy alcohol derivative with nucleophiles: Explanation of the structures and C-2 selectivity supported by theoretical computations

The ring-opening reactions of (1aS,2S,6bR)-5-ethyl-2-hydroxyhexahydro-4H-oxireno[2,3-e]isoindole-4,6(5H)-dione were investigated under very mild and nonchelated conditions. C-2 selective ring-opening products were obtained with nucleophilic additions such as Cl-, Br- and N-3(-). The exact configuration of (3aS,4R,5R,6S,7aS)-5-chloro-2-ethyl-4,6-dihydroxyhexahydro-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione was determined by X-Ray diffraction analysis which was obtained from the reaction of epoxy alcohol with HCl . On the other hand, theoretical computations were carried out to explain the regioselectivity in the ring opening reaction of epoxy alcohols. The results showed that the ring-opening reaction of both epoxy alcohols proceeds in a kinetically controlled manner and regioselectivity occurs depending on the transition state. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V

Effects of Tennis Training on Personality Development in Children and Early Adolescents

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week basic tennis training program on the personality development of early adolescents aged between 9 and 11 years. The research methodology consisted of a single group pre-test/post-test design implemented with a total of eight volunteer children (three boys and five girls). The Personality Inventory (PERI), a data collection tool used to quantify (openness to experience, sense of responsibility, extraversion, compatibility, emotional balance). The mean calculation for each personality trait is provided in the form of descriptive statistics while the Wilcoxon test was used to identify differences between the pre- and post-tests. In conclusion, the research team observes that by improving early adolescents’ openness to new experiences, tennis training facilitates the development of related characteristics, such as individuality, well-roundedness, ability to generate new ideas, creativity, flexibility, optimism, even temperament, low anxiety, attention to detail, discipline and ability to plan

Diagnosis and treatment of hydatid cysts: Results of 120 patients

Amaç: Kist hidatik hem sosyal hem de coğrafik koşullar nedeniyle ülkemizde sık görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada kist hidatik nedeniyle tedavi edilen hastaların sonuçları değerlendirildi. Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya, kist hidatik nedeniyle tedavi edilen 120 hasta (35 erkek, 85 kadın; ort. yaş 40.7; dağılım 7-75) alındı. Hastaların tanısal araştırma, tıbbi ve cerrahi tedavi ve izlem bulguları geriye dönük olarak değerlendirildi. Bulgular: En sık rastlanan yakınmalar karın ağrısı, bulantı ve kusmaydı. Fizik muayenede 54 hasta normal bulundu. En sık rastlanan bulgular hepatomegali ve karında kitleydi. Yirmi bir hastada karaciğer dışı abdominal organ kistleri vardı. Hastaların 16’sına medikal tedavi, altısına PAIR (perkutan aspirasyon, injeksiyon, reaspirasyon) uygulandı. Cerrahi tedavide tercih edilen yöntem parsiyel kistektomiydi. Elli beş hastada cerrahiye ek medikal tedavi uygulanmıştı. En sık cerrahi komplikasyon (%12.8) yara enfeksiyonuydu. Olguların 16.3’ünde nüks görüldü. Sonuç: Kist hidatikte temel tedavi seçeneği olan cerrahide tercih edilen konservatif yaklaşım yeterli ve güvenli bir tedavi sağlamaktadır. Medikal ajanların tedaviye eklenmesiyle tedavi başarısının yükselmesi beklenmektedir.Objectives: Hydatidosis is frequently seen in Turkey due to social and geographical conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of treatment in patients with hydatidosis. Patients and Methods: The study included 120 patients (35 males, 85 females; mean age 40.7 years; range 7 to 75 years) who underwent treatment for hydatidosis. Data on diagnostic evaluation, medical and surgical treatments, and follow-up results were reviewed. Results: The most frequent complaints were abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Fifty-four patients were found normal on physical examination. The most frequent findings were hepatomegaly and abdominal mass. The cysts developed in other abdominal organs other than the liver in 21 patients. Treatment was medical in 16 patients, and six patients underwent PAIR (Percutaneous aspiration, injection, and reaspiration). The preferred surgical procedure was partial cystectomy. Medical treatment was added to surgery in 55 patients. The most frequent surgical complication was wound infection (12.8%). Recurrences were encountered in 16.3%. Conclusion: Conservative surgery which is the preferred option for main line of treatment is adequate and reliable for hydatidosis. Addition of medical agents may increase treatment success rate