Experimental investigation of relationship between trauma and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis

Background: Bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) disease is rare, but there are serious side-effects of BP therapy in patients. In some patients, surgery is needed and could not be cured. Astandard test is not available showing the risk of jaw osteonecrosis in routine use. The measurement of serum C.terminal telopeptide (CTX) levels has been used in diseases of BRONJ resorption and antiresorptive therapy.Aim: This paper is aimed at investigating the relationship between  traumatic procedures and presence of BP-related osteonecrosis.Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats with weighing 200 } 20 g were used for the experimental procedures. Rats were randomly divided into three groups each containing 10 rats as follows: Group 1 (traumatic extraction group), Group 2 (atraumatic extraction group), and Group 3 (control group). All groups, zoledronic acid (ZA) (0.3  mg/kg/week)[1] was diluted with physiological saline and given  subcutaneously for 2 months. After the 2 months, Group 1 was subjected totraumatic extraction of right first lower molars, and Group 2 was subjected to atraumatic extractions of the right first lower molars. Group 3 was subjected to no extractions as a control group. Animals were euthanized 32 days after tooth extractions, and the ZA administration protocol was maintained until the animalsf death. After sacrifice, blood samples were collected for C-terminal cross.linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX.1) levels, clinical and radiological findings were recorded.Results: The bone resorption marker CTX-1 showed a significant difference among the groups. CTX-1 was measured significantly higher in blood samples of Group 2 (4.15 } 0.34; P = 0.001) than Group 1 (3.77 } 0.34; P = 0.0001). No, statistically significant changes were found between Groups 1 and 2 as for clinical and radiological assessment.Conclusion: This study provides preliminary observations for the  development of an animal model of BRONJ. Although clinical and  radiological findings were not relevant, serum CTX values are reliable biochemical markers for predicting BRONJ and also atraumatic surgical procedures are important to prevent BRONJ.Key words: Bisphosphonates, bone, osteonecrosis, prevention, serum C-terminal telopeptide leve

Sprachliche Bildung in geteilter Verantwortung? Kooperation von Familie, Kita und Grundschule im Kontext sprachlicher und institutioneller Ordnungen in der Migrationsgesellschaft

Anhand einer sekundäranalytischen Kontrastierung von Daten aus drei verschiedenen Studien wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie unterschiedliche Akteur:innen – Eltern, pädagogische Fachkräfte und Lehrkräfte – mit der an sie herangetragenen Erwartung, sprachliche Bildung gemeinsam herzustellen, umgehen. Im Fokus steht zunächst die Kooperation zwischen Familien und Kindertageseinrichtungen und anschließend die zwischen Fach- und Lehrkräften am Übergang von Kindertageseinrichtung zu Grundschule. Dabei interessiert die Autor:innen, wie sprachliche Bildung und Zuständigkeiten hierfür von den befragten Fach-, Lehrkräften und Eltern gedeutet werden. In der dann folgenden Kontrastierung werden diese rekonstruierten Deutungen aufeinander bezogen, sodass herausgearbeitet werden kann, welche Rolle institutionelle Rahmungen für diese Deutung von Zuständigkeit und Verantwortung jeweils spielen. Ausgehend von einer begrifflichen Klärung von sprachlicher Bildung im Kontext migrationsgesellschaftlicher Ordnungen sowie einer Darstellung empirischer Arbeiten zu den Verhältnissen von Familie, Kindertageseinrichtung und Grundschule wird zunächst der theoretische Rahmen skizziert und die aktuelle Forschungslage aufgezeigt. Hieran schließt ein Überblick über das Forschungsdesign und das methodische Vorgehen an

The synthesis of four new bis(amino-2-naphthylglyoximes) and their polymeric complexes

Four new bis(Amino-2-naphthylglyoxime) compounds, 1,4-phenylenebis (Amino-2-naphthylglyoxime) L1H2, 1,5-naphthylenebis(amino-2-naphthylglyoxime) L2H2, dimethylene-4,4'-bis(Amino-2-naphthylglyoxime) L3H 2, and diethylene-4,4-bis(Amino-2-naphthylglyoxime) L 4H2, have been synthesized from anti-2-naphthylglyoxime and the corresponding aromatic diamines. Their polymeric complexes with Ni(II), Co(II) and Cu(II) have been prepared. The Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of these ligands have been found to be square-planar while the Co(II) complexes are octahedral with water molecules as axial ligands. 1H NMR, IR, magnetic susceptibility and elemental analytical data of the complexes and ligands are discussed

Synthesis and complex formation of substituted amino-2-naphthylglyoximes of unsymmetrical vic-dioximes

anti-2-Naphthylchloroglyoxime has been synthesized by chlorination of anti-2-naphthylglyoxime. Reaction with aryl-or arylalkylamines in EtOH between 15°C and 20°C gives unsymmetrical vic-dioximes, namely, anilino-2-naphthylglyoxime (L1H2), benzylamino-2-naphthylglyoxime (L2H2), p-toluidino-2-naphthylglyoxime (L3H2) 1-naphthylamino-2-naphthylglyoxime (L4H2). The Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of these ligands are square-planar while the Co(II) complexes are octahedral with water molecules as axial ligands. 1H NMR, IR and elemental analyses data of the complexes and ligands are discussed

Determination of sunset yellow (E110) in foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals after separation and preconcentration via solid-phase extraction method

The two novel preconcentration and separation methods based on adsorption onto Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 polymeric resins for spectrophotometric determination of sunset yellow dye were developed. The parameters, affecting the quantitative recovery, including pH, sample and eluent flow rates, eluent type, sample volume, were investigated and optimised. The interference effects of some cations, anions and widely used dye were also studied. At the optimum conditions, detection limits of the methods were found as 2.0 and 1.6 µg L-1 for Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 resins, respectively. Linear dynamic ranges of the methods were obtained in the range of 0.2-50.0 and 0.2-20.0 µg mL-1 for Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 resins, respectively. The relative standard deviations were below than 7% and 5% for Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 resins, respectively. The determination of dye was performed at 483.0 nm using spectrophotometry. Validations of the methods were performed comparatively with determination of the sunset yellow content of some foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals. The two novel preconcentration and separation methods based on adsorption onto Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 polymeric resins for spectrophotometric determination of sunset yellow dye were developed. The parameters, affecting the quantitative recovery, including pH, sample and eluent flow rates, eluent type, sample volume, were investigated and optimised. The interference effects of some cations, anions and widely used dye were also studied. At the optimum conditions, detection limits of the methods were found as 2.0 and 1.6 µg L-1 for Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 resins, respectively. Linear dynamic ranges of the methods were obtained in the range of 0.2-50.0 and 0.2-20.0 µg mL-1 for Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 resins, respectively. The relative standard deviations were below than 7% and 5% for Amberlite XAD-1180 and Amberlite XAD-16 resins, respectively. The determination of dye was performed at 483.0 nm using spectrophotometry. Validations of the methods were performed comparatively with determination of the sunset yellow content of some foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals. © 2015 Institute of Food Science and Technology

The relationship between pneumonia and gastric colonization in surgical intensive-care unit patients

Objective: To evaluate the correlation of intensive-care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia and gastric colonization, and the factors affecting gastric colonization in surgical ICU patients. Design: Prospective, clinical study. Setting: Surgical ICU of Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery. Patients: Sixty-seven adult surgical ICU patients who did not have pneumonia on admission and would have nasogastric (NG) tubing at least for 48 hours were evaluated between October 1996 and April 1998. Method: Patients who were approved not to have pneumonia by physical examination, chest x-ray, white blood cell count, and sputum culture on admission were included in the study. NG tube aspirate and sputum samples for microbiologic studies, chest x-ray, and white blood cell count were obtained every other day and additionaly if there were symptoms or signs of infection. Results: Seventeen of the 67 patients (25.37%) had pneumonia in the period of ICU stay. In total, 122 NG tube aspirate and 122 sputum samples were obtained simultaneously. Of these 122 NG tube aspirate and sputum cultures, 85 couples of samples (69.67%) had NG tube aspirate culture (-)/sputum culture (-), 20 couples of samples (16.40%) NG tube aspirate culture (+)/sputum culture (+) (the same bacteria was isolated). Pneumonia in 13 of the 17 patients who had gastric colonization were the result of the same bacteria as isolated from the patient's gastric fluid. Conclusion: Based on the findings, gastric colonization is a serious predisposing factor for pneumonia. When both the dual-positive and the dual-negative culture results are taken into account, a strong positive correlation of the nasogastric tube aspirate and sputum cultures can be seen. Therefore, it is recommended to obtain the upper gastrointestinal (GI) fluid from indwelling gastric or enteric tubes periodically for microbiologic studies to predict the possible bacteria that could lead to pneumonia and moreover to take preventive or treatment measures