Experimental investigation of relationship between trauma and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis

Background: Bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) disease is rare, but there are serious side-effects of BP therapy in patients. In some patients, surgery is needed and could not be cured. Astandard test is not available showing the risk of jaw osteonecrosis in routine use. The measurement of serum C.terminal telopeptide (CTX) levels has been used in diseases of BRONJ resorption and antiresorptive therapy.Aim: This paper is aimed at investigating the relationship between  traumatic procedures and presence of BP-related osteonecrosis.Materials and Methods: Thirty male Wistar albino rats with weighing 200 } 20 g were used for the experimental procedures. Rats were randomly divided into three groups each containing 10 rats as follows: Group 1 (traumatic extraction group), Group 2 (atraumatic extraction group), and Group 3 (control group). All groups, zoledronic acid (ZA) (0.3  mg/kg/week)[1] was diluted with physiological saline and given  subcutaneously for 2 months. After the 2 months, Group 1 was subjected totraumatic extraction of right first lower molars, and Group 2 was subjected to atraumatic extractions of the right first lower molars. Group 3 was subjected to no extractions as a control group. Animals were euthanized 32 days after tooth extractions, and the ZA administration protocol was maintained until the animalsf death. After sacrifice, blood samples were collected for C-terminal cross.linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX.1) levels, clinical and radiological findings were recorded.Results: The bone resorption marker CTX-1 showed a significant difference among the groups. CTX-1 was measured significantly higher in blood samples of Group 2 (4.15 } 0.34; P = 0.001) than Group 1 (3.77 } 0.34; P = 0.0001). No, statistically significant changes were found between Groups 1 and 2 as for clinical and radiological assessment.Conclusion: This study provides preliminary observations for the  development of an animal model of BRONJ. Although clinical and  radiological findings were not relevant, serum CTX values are reliable biochemical markers for predicting BRONJ and also atraumatic surgical procedures are important to prevent BRONJ.Key words: Bisphosphonates, bone, osteonecrosis, prevention, serum C-terminal telopeptide leve

THE REMOVAL OF LEAD AND NICKEL IONS FROM THE WATER WITH Verbascum cheiranthifolium L. MATERIAL

Bu çalışmada, suda çözünmüş Pb(II) ve Ni(II) iyonlarının modifikayon yapılmış sığırkuyruğu (Verbascum cheiranthifolium BOISS. var. cheiranthifolium) bitki materyali tarafından giderilmesi araştırılmıştır. Bu ağır metal iyonlarının giderilmesinde modifikasyon işleminin adsorpsiyon kapasitesini arttırıcı etkisi araştırılmıştır. Modifikasyondan önce ve sonra sığırkuyruğu bitki materyalinin yapısı FTIR ve SEM analizleri ile belirlenmiştir. Modifikasyon işlemi HCl asit çözeltisi ile yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, HCl ile modifiye edilen sığırkuyruğu bitki materyali ile ilgili kinetik, izoterm ve termodinamik çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Adsorpsiyon işlemlerinden sonra sığırkuyruğu bitki materyalinin tekrar kullanılabilirliğini araştırmak amacı ile rejenerasyon çalışmaları da yapılmıştır. Uygulanan modifikasyon işlemlerinin neden olduğu maliyetler hesaplanmış ve klasik yöntemlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Ham sığırkuyruğu bitki materyali kullanımında suya verdikleri Kimyasal Oksijen İhtiyacı 910- 1430 mg/L aralığında iken, bu değer modifiye adsorbanlarda 10-90 mg/L seviyelerine düşmüştür. Giderim verimleri ağır metal konsantrasyonu ile değişmekle birlikte modifiye sığırkuyruğu bitki materyali için %70 civarına çıktığı görülmüştür. Ağır metal adsorpsiyon kapasitesi maksimum 90 mg/g civarında bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, sığır kuyruğu bitki materyalinin adsorpsiyon kapasitelerinin klasik adsorbanlarla rekabet edebilecek ölçüde olduğu ve ağır metal ihtiva eden suların arıtımında ekonomik olarak kullanılabileceği ortaya çıkmıştır.In this research, removal Pb(II) and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions by modified mullein (Verbascum cheiranthifolium BOISS. var. cheiranthifolium) plant material was investigated. Effects of modification method on the adsorption capacity improvement for removal of these heavy metals ions have been investigated. Structures of modified mullein plant materials before and after modifications process were examined by the FTIR and SEM analyses. Modification processes were performed using HCl acid solutions. The investigations of kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic parameters were also studied for HCl modified mullein plant material. The regeneration processes were studied for the determination of modified mullein plant material’s reusability after the adsorption processes. Additional costs for applied modification processes were calculated and compared with the other classical methods. The chemical oxygen demand residues in treated water by modified mullein plant material comparing raw materials were decreased from 910-1430 mg/L to 10-90 mg/L with the modification processes. The removal efficiencies changed with heavy metal concentration in water sample and increased about 70% for modified mullein plant material. Heavy metal adsorption capacities were found maximum about 90 mg/g according to type of adsorbent and modification process. As a result, it was revealed that adsorption capacities and costs efficiency of adsorbent were compatible with conventional adsorbents

nvestigation of Job Satisfaction and Occupational Safety Perceptions of Employees in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Study of Istanbul

Introduction: There exist many fatal occupational accidents in the works carried out in wastewater treatment plants. Objectives: This research was carried out to determine the relationship between job satisfaction levels and occupational safety perceptions of employees working in wastewater treatment plants. Methods: In this study, a questionnaire including Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale and Occupational Safety Scale was applied to a total of 161 people aged 16-65 years working in two different Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Plants in Istanbul by simple random sampling. Statistical Package for Social Science version-22 was used. Seventeen hypotheses were analyzed to show relation between the occupational safety perceptions and socio-demographic parameters of employees. Results: The results show that there is no significant relationship between job satisfaction and occupational safety perception of the personnel working in wastewater treatment plants (F=0.096 and p=0.227 >0.05). On the other hand, it is found that there is a statistically significant difference between the level of job satisfaction perception and age of the employees (F=2.358 and p=0.002 <0.05), as well as monthly income ranges (F=4.126 and p=0.008 <0.05). Conclusion: Consequently, the hazards associated with the work should be explained to employees of the wastewater treatment plant in detail. Furthermore, it is suggested to maintain an increase in wages to increase job satisfaction

Beals Hecht Syndrome-Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita-Congenital Arachnodactyly: Case Report

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Attitudes of patients in a rural area and an urban area about groin hernia repair

Purpose: Groin hernia repair is one of the commonest operations in surgical practice. The aim of this study was to find out if there is any difference between patients living in a rural area and those living in an urban area in terms of preferred type of anaesthesia, patients' participation in decision making, and hospitalisation time. Methods: The records of patients that underwent an elective groin hernia repair between November 2001 and April 2006 were evaluated retrospectively. Preferred type of anaesthesia, hospitalisation time, and participation in the decision making were investigated in patients living in a rural and an urban area, in the northern Black Sea region of Turkey. We also investigated whether the patient's age and sex had any effect on these parameters. Results: A total of 206 patients underwent elective repair of groin hernia in a State Hospital. Mean postoperative time spent in hospital was significantly longer for patients living in the rural area than for those living in the urban area. The hospitalisation time was longer for male than for female patients. Local anaesthesia was the preferred type of anaesthesia for the elderly. Older patients and villagers mostly preferred the physician to make the final decision about their treatment and they had longer hospital stays. Conclusion: Mean hospitalisation time was longer for patients living in the rural area and for male patients than for female patients. Younger patients and city dwellers preferred to make their own decision about their treatment and they had shorter hospital stays