UPAYA MENINGKATKAN GERAK DASAR MENENDANG DAN MENGHENTIKAN BOLA MELALUI MODIFIKASI PEMBELAJARAN PERMAINAN SEPAKBOLA

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi kurangnya keterampilan yang di miliki siswa dalam menendang dan menghentikan bola dalam proses pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani terutama pada pembelajaran permainan sepakbola di SDN Gegerkalong 1-2. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh media dan alat yang dimodifikasi (bola) terhadap keterampilan gerak dasar menendang dan menghentikan bola di SDN Gegerkalong 1-2 dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi GPAI (game performance assestment instrumen) , catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi penelitian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDN Gegerkalong 1-2 jalan Geger Arum nomor 11B, Kota Bandung dengan subjek penelitian yang diambil adalah siswa kelas V yang berjumlah 38 orang siswa. berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media dan alat (bola) yang dimodifikasi memberikan pengaruh terhadap keterampilan gerak dasar menendang dan menghentikan bola dalam pembelajaran permainan sepakbola pada siswa kelas V SDN Gegerkalong 1-2. Pada siklus pertama dalam tindakan ke-1 didapat persentase pencapaian adalah 46,6% dan tindakan ke-2 didapat persentase pencapaian adalah 51,05%. Pada siklus kedua dalam tindakan ke-1 didapat persentase pencapaian adalah 63,85% dan tindakan ke-2 didapat persentase 73,91%. Maka dapat disimpulkan hasil ini menunjukkan peningkatan setiap tindakannya dan menunjukkan bahwa melalui modifikasi media dan alat (bola) dalam pembelajaran permainan sepakbola dapat meningkatkan keterampilan gerak dasar siswa kelas V SDN Gegerkalong 1-2 Kota Bandung.;---This research is based on students who have lack skill to kick and stop the ball in sport learning especially in football learning at SDN Gegerkalong 1-2. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of media and tools which is modified toward the students’ basic motion to kick and stop the ball at SDN Gegerkalong 1-2. The method used in this research is a classroom action research and the instrument used is the observation sheet by term GPAI (Game Performance Assessment Instrument), activity record, and documentation. This research will be held at SDN Gegerkalong 1-2 jalan Geger Arum No. 11B, Bandung. The subjects of this research are 38 students of 5th grade. based on the results of this research indicate that the use of media and tools ( balls ) are modified to give effect to the basic motion skills kick in and stop the ball in learning the game of football in the5th grade students of SDN Gegerkalong 1-2. In the first cycle in action 1st obtained percentage achieved was 46.6 % and the actions of the 2nd obtained percentage achieved is 51.05 % . In the second cycle in action 1st obtained percentage achieved was 63.85 % and the actions of the 2nd obtained a percentage of 73.91 % . the conclusion based on the results show an increase every action and show that through the modification of media and tools ( balls ) in learning the game of football can improve basic motor skills fifth grade students of SDN Gegerkalong 1-2 Bandung

Statistical scene generation for polarimetric imaging systems

Little publicly available data exists for polarimetric measurements. When designing task specific polarimetric systems, the statistical properties of the task specific data becomes important. Until better polarimetric datasets are available to deduce statistics from, the statistics must be simulated to test instrument performance. Most imaged scenes have been shown to follow a power law power spectral density distribution, for both natural and city scenes. Furthermore, imaged data appears to follow a power law power spectral distribution temporally. We are interested in generating image sets which change over time, and at the same time are correlated between different components (spectral or polarimetric). In this brief communication, we present a framework and provide code to generate such data.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 3 matlab function

Inverse Metabolic Engineering of Synechocystis PCC 6803 for Improved Growth Rate and Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate Production

Synechocystis PCC 6803 is a photosynthetic bacterium that has the potential to make bioproducts from carbon dioxide and light. Biochemical production from photosynthetic organisms is attractive because it replaces the typical bioprocessing steps of crop growth, milling, and fermentation, with a one-step photosynthetic process. However, low yields and slow growth rates limit the economic potential of such endeavors. Rational metabolic engineering methods are hindered by limited cellular knowledge and inadequate models of Synechocystis. Instead, inverse metabolic engineering, a scheme based on combinatorial gene searches which does not require detailed cellular models, but can exploit sequence data and existing molecular biological techniques, was used to find genes that (1) improve the production of the biopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and (2) increase the growth rate. A fluorescence activated cell sorting assay was developed to screen for high PHB producing clones. Separately, serial sub-culturing was used to select clones that improve growth rate. Novel gene knock-outs were identified that increase PHB production and others that increase the specific growth rate. These improvements make this system more attractive for industrial use and demonstrate the power of inverse metabolic engineering to identify novel phenotype-associated genes in poorly understood systems.Singapore-MIT Alliance (SMA

Energy efficiency in buildings

Generally existing buildings are responsible for over 40% of the world's primary energy consumption and account for 34% of world CO2 emissions. Currently, most of the housing fund of Kazakhstan falls on old energy inefficient buildings constructed during the Soviet Union, in a period between 1956-1989, is found to be inefficient by international standards. Their energy consumption reaches 13.5% and 24% of electrical and heating energy consequently. At the same time the statistical data of 2009 shows that the housing fund of Kazakhstan is about 160 million square meters and it projected to continue growing in the next 5 years. The expected increase in housing construction will lead to higher energy consumption coming from space heating and air-conditioning systems, higher GHG emissions, and development of unsustainable energy supply that will result to energy insecurity

Security Vulnerability Profiles of Mission Critical Software: Empirical Analysis of Security Related Bug Reports

While some prior research work exists on characteristics of software faults (i.e., bugs) and failures, very little work has been published on analysis of software applications vulnerabilities. This paper aims to contribute towards filling that gap by presenting an empirical investigation of application vulnerabilities. The results are based on data extracted from issue tracking systems of two NASA missions. These data were organized in three datasets: Ground mission IVV issues, Flight mission IVV issues, and Flight mission Developers issues. In each dataset, we identified security related software bugs and classified them in specific vulnerability classes. Then, we created the security vulnerability profiles, i.e., determined where and when the security vulnerabilities were introduced and what were the dominating vulnerabilities classes. Our main findings include: (1) In IVV issues datasets the majority of vulnerabilities were code related and were introduced in the Implementation phase. (2) For all datasets, around 90 of the vulnerabilities were located in two to four subsystems. (3) Out of 21 primary classes, five dominated: Exception Management, Memory Access, Other, Risky Values, and Unused Entities. Together, they contributed from 80 to 90 of vulnerabilities in each dataset

A multiple view polarimetric camera

A multiple view polarimetric camera is developed. The system uses four separate action cameras and software is employed to map the images onto each other in order to generate the Stokes vectors, the degree of linear polarisation and angle images. To ensure robustness, an automated calibration system has been developed that ensures the pixels are correctly mapped. Video frame synchronisation is also developed

Demonstration of Bias-Controlled Algorithmic Tuning of Quantum Dots in a Well (DWELL) MidIR Detectors

The quantum-confined Stark effect in intersublevel transitions present in quantum-dots-in-a-well (DWELL) detectors gives rise to a midIR spectral response that is dependent upon the detector\u27s operational bias. The spectral responses resulting from different biases exhibit spectral shifts, albeit with significant spectral overlap. A postprocessing algorithm was developed by Sakoglu that exploited this bias-dependent spectral diversity to predict the continuous and arbitrary tunability of the DWELL detector within certain limits. This paper focuses on the experimental demonstration of the DWELL-based spectral tuning algorithm. It is shown experimentally that it is possible to reconstruct the spectral content of a target electronically without using any dispersive optical elements for tuning, thereby demonstrating a DWELL-based algorithmic spectrometer. The effects of dark current, detector temperature, and bias selection on the tuning capability are also investigated experimentally

Fast and optimal broad-band Stokes/Mueller polarimeter design by the use of a genetic algorithm

A fast multichannel Stokes/Mueller polarimeter with no mechanically moving parts has been designed to have close to optimal performance from 430-2000 nm by applying a genetic algorithm. Stokes (Mueller) polarimeters are characterized by their ability to analyze the full Stokes (Mueller) vector (matrix) of the incident light. This ability is characterized by the condition number, $\kappa$, which directly influences the measurement noise in polarimetric measurements. Due to the spectral dependence of the retardance in birefringent materials, it is not trivial to design a polarimeter using dispersive components. We present here both a method to do this optimization using a genetic algorithm, as well as simulation results. Our results include fast, broad-band polarimeter designs for spectrographic use, based on 2 and 3 Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals, whose material properties are taken from measured values. The results promise to reduce the measurement noise significantly over previous designs, up to a factor of 4.5 for a Mueller polarimeter, in addition to extending the spectral range.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Optics Expres