Ludic coinages in modern mediatext

The article is devoted to the study of cognitive and semantic potential of language play, in particular, peculiarities of the ludic coinages in the English language mass media texts

First mock-up of the CBM STS module based on a new assembly concept

A molecular dynamics model has been developed to investigate the effect of the crystallographic orientation on the material deformation behaviors in nano- indentation/scratching of BCC iron. Two cases with different substrate orientations have been simulated. The orientations along x, y and z direction are [001], [100] and [010] for Case I and [111], [-1-12] and [1-10] for Case II, respectively. Case I and Case II exhibit different deformation patterns in the substrate. During indentation, the pile-up can be observed in Case I, but not in Case II. During scratching the pile-up ahead of the movement of the indenter has been enlarged in Case I, while a chip with the disordered atoms is generated in Case II. It has been found that Case I has both higher hardness and larger coefficient of friction. The ratios of the hardness and the coefficient of friction between cases I and II are nearly 2. The reason is attributed to the different crystallographic orientations used in both cases

Standing genetic variation and compensatory evolution in transgenic organisms: a growth-enhanced salmon simulation

Genetically modified strains usually are generated within defined genetic backgrounds to minimize variation for the engineered characteristic in order to facilitate basic research investigations or for commercial application. However, interactions between transgenes and genetic background have been documented in both model and commercial agricultural species, indicating that allelic variation at transgene-modifying loci are not uncommon in genomes. Engineered organisms that have the potential to allow entry of transgenes into natural populations may cause changes to ecosystems via the interaction of their specific phenotypes with ecosystem components and services. A transgene introgressing through natural populations is likely to encounter a range of natural genetic variation (among individuals or sub-populations) that could result in changes in phenotype, concomitant with effects on fitness and ecosystem consequences that differ from that seen in the progenitor transgenic strain. In the present study, using a growth hormone transgenic salmon example, we have modeled selection of modifier loci (single and multiple) in the presence of a transgene and have found that accounting for genetic background can significantly affect the persistence of transgenes in populations, potentially reducing or reversing a “Trojan gene” effect. Influences from altered life history characteristics (e.g., developmental timing, age of maturation) and compensatory demographic/ecosystem controls (e.g., density dependence) also were found to have a strong influence on transgene effects. Further, with the presence of a transgene in a population, genetic backgrounds were found to shift in non-transgenic individuals as well, an effect expected to direct phenotypes away from naturally selected optima. The present model has revealed the importance of understanding effects of selection for background genetics on the evolution of phenotypes in populations harbouring transgenes

Occupational physical activity and risk for prostate cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden

We investigated effects of occupational physical activity on relative risk for prostate cancer. From Swedish nationwide censuses in 1960 and 1970, we defined two cohorts of men whose occupational titles allowed classification of physical activity levels at work in 1960 (n=1 348 971) and in 1970 (n=1 377 629). A third cohort included only men whose jobs required a similar level of physical activity in both 1960 and 1970 (n=673 443). The incidence of prostate cancer between 1971 and 1989 was ascertained through record linkage to the Swedish Cancer Register. A total of 43 836, 28 702, and 19 670 prostate cancers, respectively, occurred in the three cohorts. In all three cohorts, the relative risk for prostate cancer increased with decreasing level of occupational physical activity (P<0.001), using Poisson regression. Among men with the same physical activity levels in 1960 and 1970, the rate ratio was 1.11 for men with sedentary jobs as compared with those whose jobs had very high/high activity levels after adjustment for age at follow-up, calendar year of follow-up and place of residence (95% CI 1.05–1.17; P for trend <0.001). There was no association between occupational activity and prostate cancer mortality. Since we had no data on other potential risk factors the observed associations for both incidence and mortality might have been confounded. Further studies are needed to better understand the potential role of physical activity for prostate cancer

STRASSE: A Silicon Tracker for Quasi-free Scattering Measurements at the RIBF

STRASSE (Silicon Tracker for RAdioactive nuclei Studies at SAMURAI Experiments) is a new detection system under construction for quasi-free scattering (QFS) measurements at 200-250 MeV/nucleon at the RIBF facility of the RIKEN Nishina Center. It consists of a charged-particle silicon tracker coupled with a dedicated thick liquid hydrogen target (up to 150-mm long) in a compact geometry to fit inside large scintillator or germanium arrays. Its design was optimized for two types of studies using QFS: missing-mass measurements and in-flight prompt $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy. This article describes (i) the resolution requirements needed to go beyond the sensitivity of existing systems for these two types of measurements, (ii) the conceptual design of the system using detailed simulations of the setup and (iii) its complete technical implementation and challenges. The final tracker aims at a sub-mm reaction vertex resolution and is expected to reach a missing-mass resolution below 2 MeV in $\sigma$ for $(p,2p)$ reactions when combined with the CsI(Na) CATANA array.Comment: 25 pages, 29 figure

Performance of the electromagnetic and hadronic prototype segments of the ALICE Forward Calorimeter

We present the performance of a full-length prototype of the ALICE Forward Calorimeter (FoCal). The detector is composed of a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic sampling calorimeter with longitudinal and transverse segmentation (FoCal-E) of about 20$X_0$ and a hadronic copper-scintillating-fiber calorimeter (FoCal-H) of about 5$\lambda_{\rm int}$. The data were taken between 2021 and 2023 at the CERN PS and SPS beam lines with hadron (electron) beams up to energies of 350 (300) GeV. Regarding FoCal-E, we report a comprehensive analysis of its response to minimum ionizing particles across all pad layers. The longitudinal shower profile of electromagnetic showers is measured with a layer-wise segmentation of 1$X_0$. As a projection to the performance of the final detector in electromagnetic showers, we demonstrate linearity in the full energy range, and show that the energy resolution fulfills the requirements for the physics needs. Additionally, the performance to separate two-showers events was studied by quantifying the transverse shower width. Regarding FoCal-H, we report a detailed analysis of the response to hadron beams between 60 and 350 GeV. The results are compared to simulations obtained with a Geant4 model of the test beam setup, which in particular for FoCal-E are in good agreement with the data. The energy resolution of FoCal-E was found to be lower than 3% at energies larger than 100 GeV. The response of FoCal-H to hadron beams was found to be linear, albeit with a significant intercept that is about factor 2 larger than in simulations. Its resolution, which is non-Gaussian and generally larger than in simulations, was quantified using the FWHM, and decreases from about 16% at 100 GeV to about 11% at 350 GeV. The discrepancy to simulations, which is particularly evident at low hadron energies, needs to be further investigated.Comment: 55 pages (without acronyms), 45 captioned figure

Performance of the Electromagnetic Pixel Calorimeter Prototype EPICAL-2

The first evaluation of an ultra-high granularity digital electromagnetic calorimeter prototype using 1.0-5.8 GeV/c electrons is presented. The $25\times10^6$ pixel detector consists of 24 layers of ALPIDE CMOS MAPS sensors, with a pitch of around 30~$\mu$m, and has a depth of almost 20 radiation lengths of tungsten absorber. Ultra-thin cables allow for a very compact design. The properties that are critical for physics studies are measured: electromagnetic shower response, energy resolution and linearity. The stochastic energy resolution is comparable with the state-of-the art resolution for a Si-W calorimeter, with data described well by a simulation model using GEANT and Allpix$^2$. The performance achieved makes this technology a good candidate for use in the ALICE FoCal upgrade, and in general demonstrates the strong potential for future applications in high-energy physics.Comment: 30 pages, 19 figures, submitted to JINS

The role of skin grafting in reconstructive surgery

Цель исследования: Определить роль кожной пластики в реконструктивновосстановительной хирургии. Основные результаты и выводы. Неосложненное послеоперационное течение после пластических вмешательств, хорошие эстетические и функциональные результаты констатированы нами в 95,1% наблюдений. Осложнения отмечены в 4,9% наблюдений: нагноение раны под трансплантатом – 1,3%, некрозы лоскутов при свободных видах пластики – 2,1%, отторжение трансплантатов – 1,5%, из них 0,7% при пластике расщепленным лоскутом и 0,2% при полнослойной кожной пластике. Повторное пластическое закрытие ран было выполнено в 3,3% случаев. Осложнений после повторных операций не было. Активная хирургическая тактика лечения обширных тканевых дефектов с использованием различных видов пластического закрытия ран позволяет значительно сократить сроки стационарного лечения, улучшить функциональные и эстетические результаты, снизить количество повторных операций и избежать калечащих вмешательств.Мета дослідження: визначити роль шкірної пластики в реконструктивно-відновній хірургії. Основні результати та висновки. Неускладнений післяопераційний перебіг після пластичних втручань, хороші эстетичні і функциональні результати констатовані нами в 95,1% спостережень. Ускладнення відмічені відмічені в 4,9% спостережень: нагноєння рани під трансплантатом – 1,3%, некрози лоскутів при вільних видах пластики – 2,1%, відторгнення трансплантатів – 1,5%, з них 0,7% при пластиці розщепленим лоскутом і 0,2% при повношаровій шкірній пластиці. Повторне пластичне закриття ран було выконано в 3,3% випадків. Ускладнень після повторних операцій не було. Активна хірургічна тактика лікування обширних дефектів з використанням різних видів пластичного закриття ран дозволяє значно скоротити терміни стаціонарного лікування, покращити функціональні та естетичні результати, знизити кількість повторних операцій.Objective: to determine the role of skin grafting in reconstructive surgery. The main results and conclusions. Uncomplicated postoperative period after plastic surgery, good aesthetic and functional results stated by us in 95,1% of cases. Noted complications were noted in 4,9% of cases: wound infection under the graft – 1,3%, necrosis of the flaps at free types of plastics – 2.1%, rejection of organ transplants is 1.5%, of which 0.7 percent in the case of plastic flap split and 0.2% at pouroshova skin grafting. Secondary plastic closure of wounds was wykonano in 3.3% of cases. Complications after re-operations were not. Active surgical tactics of treatment of extensive defects using various types of plastic wound closure can significantly reduce the time of hospital treatment, to improve functional and aesthetic results, reduce the number of repeat operations