Phenomenal dispositions

In this paper, I argue against a dispositional account of the intentionality of belief states that has been endorsed by proponents of phenomenal intentionality. Specifically, I argue that the best characterization of a dispositional account of intentionality is one that takes beliefs to be dispositions to undergo occurrent judgments. I argue that there are cases where an agent believes that p, but fails to have a disposition to judge that p

Development and validation of Croatian school climate survey for students

Školska klima je važan čimbenik djetetova kognitivnog, socijalnog i emocionalnog razvoja. Zbog brojnih kulturalnih specifičnosti i specifičnosti školskog sustava za mjerenje školske klime neopravdano je koristiti instrumente razvijene u inozemstvu bez prilagodbe, te je cilj ovog istraživanja bio adaptirati i validirati upitnik koji će mjeriti školsku klimu iz učeničke perspektive te biti primjeren za korištenje u hrvatskim školama. Kao polazište uzet je American School Climate Survey Version 2.0. (Perkins, 2006). Razvoj i validacija Hrvatskog upitnika školske klime za učenike (HUŠK-U) provedeni su na tri različita uzorka učenika osnovnih škola. Prvi uzorak, na kojem je testirana prva verzija HUŠK-U-a, sastojao se od 320 učenika petog do osmog razreda iz dviju osnovnih škola iz dva grada s područja Slavonije. Na drugom je uzorku, koji se sastojao od 880 učenika petog do osmog razreda iz šest gradskih škola Osijeka, provedena validacija HUŠK-U-a. Uzorak od 293 učenika od petog do osmog razreda iz dvije škole s područja Baranje poslužio je za validaciju na seoskim školama. Provjera konstruktne valjanosti potvrdila je pretpostavljenu jednofaktorsku strukturu na sva tri uzorka. Također je utvrđena zadovoljavajuća osjetljivost i visoka unutarnja konzistencija upitnika (α = 0, 88-0, 92). U prilog valjanosti HUŠK-a govore i statistički značajne korelacije s vanjskim mjerama: školskim uspjehom, samoprocjenom osjećaja sigurnosti u školskom okruženju, te samoprocjenama počinjenja vršnjačkog nasilja i viktimizacije od strane vršnjaka. Zaključno, rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je HUŠK-U valjan i pouzdan instrument koji se može koristiti na različitim uzorcima djece viših razreda osnovne škole i u različitim područjima istraživanja koja se bave konstruktom školske klime ili imaju potrebu za operacionalizacijom toga konstrukta

Landisfarne Gospels

The Lindisfarne Gospels are an illuminated manuscript, written between 680 and 720 by a monk working on the island of Lindisfarne, also known as Holy Island, which is off the northern coast of England.1 An illuminated manuscript is a codex, or book, that is written by hand and is richly decorated with intricate designs and pictures and was the typical way that documents were copied. Until the invention of the printing press, manuscripts were the only way that books and records were documented and distributed. The complex and beautiful designs were often complimented by a jeweled or expensive cover to the book, such as gold lined or silver bound books. These were achievements that the scribes were extremely proud of when they finished and took many years to finish, varying depending on the length of the book

Kant’s (Non-Question-Begging) Refutation of Cartesian Scepticism

Interpreters of Kant’s Refutation of Idealism face a dilemma: it seems to either beg the question against the Cartesian sceptic or else offer a disappointingly Berkeleyan conclusion. In this article I offer an interpretation of the Refutation on which it does not beg the question against the Cartesian sceptic. After defending a principle about question-begging, I identify four premises concerning our representations that there are textual reasons to think Kant might be implicitly assuming. Using those assumptions, I offer a reconstruction of Kant’s Refutation that avoids the interpretative dilemma, though difficult questions about the argument remain

The evolution of evaluation – the accelerating march towards the measurement of public relations effectiveness

The measurement and evaluation of public relations effectiveness has long been a major professional and research issue (White and Blamphin 1994; Synnott and McKie 1997). Recently Watson (2008) found that it still ranked third in an international study of public relations research priorities. In the first half of the last century, there was little reference to it. The first major scholarly reference came in Cutlip and Center’s first edition of Effective Public Relations (1952) which implies there was some prior discussion but there is little evidence. It was not until the late 1960s and early 1970s that the first US conference and professional publications on the topic were evidenced. The first scholarly journal special issue devoted to it, ‘Measuring the Effectiveness of Public Relations’ was published as the Winter 1977 edition of Public Relations Review. There was a burgeoning of academic and professional discussion from the mid-1980s onwards. Also the major consultancy groups started to introduce proprietary media measurement systems (e.g. Hill and Knowlton, 1979; Ketchum, 1982; CARMA, 1984). By the end of the decade there was a growing body of knowledge from academic and professional sources which led into a wide, international expansion of publications and services in the 1990s. Professional bodies in Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom and United States, as well as the International Public Relations Association, all formed task forces and prepared publications. Measurement and evaluation had at last arrived as a central professional issue. Document analysis will be the main research method to prepare the timeline of the development of public relations measurement evaluation through. This paper will also explore the theoretical and professional themes that have characterised the development of theory and methodology in this important public relations practice

Subjectivity as Self-Acquaintance

Subjectivity is that feature of consciousness whereby there is something it is like for a subject to undergo an experience. One persistent challenge in the study of consciousness is to explain how subjectivity relates to, or arises from, purely physical brain processes. But, in order to address this challenge, it seems we must have a clear explanation of what subjectivity is in the first place. This has proven challenging in its own right. For the nature of subjectivity itself seems to resist straightforward characterization. In this paper, I won't address how subjectivity relates to the physical. Instead, I'll address subjectivity itself. I'll do this by introducing and defending a model of subjectivity based on self-acquaintance. My model does not purport to reduce, eliminate, or naturalize subjectivity, but it does make subjectivity more tractable, less paradoxical, and perhaps less dubious to those averse to obscurity