Beneficial effects of spices in food preservation and safety

Spices have been used since ancient times. Although they have been employed mainly as flavoring and coloring agents, their role in food safety and preservation have also been studied in vitro and in vivo. Spices have exhibited numerous health benefits in preventing and treating a wide variety of diseases such as cancer, aging, metabolic, neurological, cardiovascular, and inflammatory diseases. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the most relevant and recent findings on spices and their active compounds in terms of targets and mode of action; in particular, their potential use in food preservation and enhancement of shelf life as a natural bioingredient

Influence of TNF Alpha on Testosterone Induced Cardiac Effects in Isolated Frog Heart Model

The effect of Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and testosterone was evaluated on the isolated Rana tigrina frog heart. The isolated frog heart (n= 10) were used for this study and the effect of drugs on myocardial contractility and heart rate was ascertained. Namely three drugs testosterone (4mg), bicalutamide (8mg) and TNF-alpha antagonist infliximab (0.4mg) were utilized for this study. Testosterone caused an increase in heart rate by 11.28% and decrease in myocardial contractility by 17.67%. Similarly bicalutamide caused a 20.11% decrease Heart rate and 41.17% decrease in myocardial contractility. To ascertain the role of TNF-alpha, infliximab was perfused through the heart and it potentiated the inhibitory effect of testosterone on the myocardial contractility and heart rate. The results of this study suggest the importance of TNF-alpha and testosterone hormone in cardiovascular pathophysiology

Concentrated photovoltaic thermal systems:A component-by-component view on the developments in the design, heat transfer medium and applications

The need of the hour in present world scenario is to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and environmental pollution whilst satisfying the world energy demands. The most promising and readily available source of energy over the whole world is solar energy. One of the ways of taping this energy into useful energy is using Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal systems. The paper presents the advanced comprehensive review on the design components of Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal, heat transfer medium, recent application area such as Tissue Dyeing, domestic hot water, Organic Rankine Cycle, and the economic aspect of the Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal system. Furthermore, the review paper simplifies the classification into two systems namely thermally coupled and thermally decoupled systems. Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal shows potential to deliver better gains compared to Concentrated Photovoltaic, Photovoltaic and Photovoltaic Thermal. But matching the different components like the heat transfer component and the medium for specific use is an area that requires research. Therefore, this review concentrates more on the advantages and limitations of using different heat transfer components and heat transfer medium. The benefits of this paper would be the understanding of the components of the heat transport system like fins, microchannel, storage tank and underground heat exchangers and the fluid used in the Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal integrated system like water, air, nanofluids, Phase Change Materials. It is found that the heat transfer device performance is limited due to its large area, thermal losses, mirror effect on the thermal and electrical efficiencies, and the temperature difference between the sink and device. Likewise, the performance of the heat transfer fluid is dependent on the mass flow rate, thermal mass, viscosity, density, time and the required temperature. Finally, for economic feasibility of the Concentrated Photovoltaic Thermal system requires the need for a grid connected system with properly sized system with feed-in-tariff and carbon incentives. Furthermore, the recommendation for heat transfer device, medium and economic aspect is also presented. However, more experimental research is required to further understand the compatibility of each components with Concentrating Photovoltaic Thermal System as presented in way forward

Evaluation of Daphnia Magna as an Indicator of Toxicity and Treatment Efficacy of Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant

Performance evaluation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with special reference to toxicity reduction using Daphnia magna straus as test organism is very important to study the likely adverse effects of the treated wastewater on the aquatic ecosystem of receiving waters and to detect common environmentally realistic concentrations of pollutants at different concentration levels and toxicity discriminatory ability to distinguish different degree of toxicity and toxic specificity of the compounds on target organisms. This test can be considered as useful analytical tool for screening of chemical analysis and early warning system to monitor the different operational units of wastewater treatment plants. Interrelationship between COD, SS with respect to Daphnia toxicity (Gd) suggests that improvement of the toxicological quality of wastewater could be linked to the removal of both COD and suspended solids. Both the parameters (COD & SS) can serve as a regulatory tool in lieu of an explicit toxicological standard. An important feature of this work was to emphasize the significance of toxicity tests. It could help to reduce influent toxicity and thereby avoid impacting microorganisms\u2019 population in activated sludge systems. This study shows the difference between using physico-chemical and biological criteria to define the quality or toxicity of wastewater, making it clear that both methods are indispensable and complimentary and support the earlier view that Daphnia magna can serve as a valuable model for bio- monitoring of water pollution and for evaluation of the toxicity of an effluent and risk assessment in an aquatic body, as it is highly sensitive to pollutants

Shape stable composite phase change material with improved thermal conductivity for electrical-to-thermal energy conversion and storage

Limited thermal conductivity and leakage of phase change material (PCM) are among the most challenging obstacles that impede their effective applications in real-world scenarios. This study focussed on enhancing the thermal conductivity (TC), address leakage issues and incorporate thermoelectric conversion capabilities by using a single multifunctional scaffold. The shape stable PCM (ss-PCM) composite has been prepared using medium temperature range (~46 °C) commercial grade paraffin wax (PW) as organic PCM while expanded graphite (EG) as an encapsulating scaffold. The composite was prepared using vacuum impregnation method, incorporating various weight percentages (wt.%) of EG. In particular, the three wt.% of EG that has been used to encapsulate PCM are 5 % (ss-PCM1), 10 % (ss-PCM2) and 15 % (ss-PCM3). Then the composite was evaluated for its thermal stability, potential chemical interactions, leakage prevention, optical properties, thermal conductivity and thermo-electric conversion capability. Results revealed that the incorporation of 15 wt% EG in PCM (ss-PCM3) demonstrated no traces of leakage even after heating the composite at 60 °C. In addition, a significant increment of 447 % in thermal conductivity and 98 % in light absorbance has been observed. However, the composite showed a slight decrement of 13.83 % in latent heat related to base PCM. Finally, ss-PCM3 was put through to 500 heating-cooling cycles to evaluate its reliability and potential defects due to thermal fatigue. The characterization results of the composite were in close agreement before and after the thermal cycling, indicating its potential for practical applications. The electro-thermal conversion measurement findings indicate that the ss-PCM3 can achieve a conversion ability of 61.89 % when operated at 4.8 V. Several potential applications for this composite include energy-efficient buildings, infrared thermal concealment, solar energy utilization, and heat insulation

Study of starch degrading bacteria from kitchen waste soil in the production of amylase by using paddy straw

The starch degrading amylolytic enzymes are of crucial importance in biotechnology industries with huge application in food, fermentation, textile and paper production. They are universally distribution in bacteria and fungus. Present study aimed at production of pure form of α-amylase from kitchen waste soil with optimization of raw material such as carbon and nitrogen source of the culture media for it. Objective: To evaluate the kitchen waste soil for production of α-amylase with optimization of carbon and nitrogen source required for culture media. Method: The starch degrading bacteria was isolated from the kitchen waste soil environment and was used for production of α-amylase through submerged. The paddy straw extract was shown the best source of carbon and potassium nitrate as the best source of nitrogen with optimum pH 7.0 and temperature of 30ºC. The fermentor parameters were set with the agitator at speed 200rpm with 100% dissolved O2 at fixed temperature and pH. After completion of the fermentation process, the activity of the enzyme was checked by the DNS method. Results: Enzyme produced and purified by this method, was found to have an enzymatic activity of 0.51 mg/ml after column chromatography by nanodrop spectrophotometer and coincide with standard in SDS-PAGE. Here, we have shown the cheap method of commercial production of economically valuable amylase by utilizing paddy straw

Analyzing the genetic relatedness of pigeonpea varieties released over last 58 years in India

The genetic base of 150 pigeonpea varieties released in India during1960 to 2018 was examined. Of these, 89, 57, three, and one variety were developed by pedigree selection, pureline selection, mutation and population improvement, respectively. Examination of pedigree records of 89 pigeonpea varieties developed through pedigree breeding method between 1971 and 2018 traced back to 113 ancestors. The highest mean genetic contribution was recorded for the genotype T 190 (0.051) accompanied by UPAS 120 (0.049) and ICP 8863 (0.043). The ancestor T 190 appeared with highest frequency of 21, directly as one of the parent (male/female) in four varieties and indirectly in the development of 17 varieties. Similarly, the ancestors UPAS 120 and ICP 8863 were more frequently used (in nine varieties) as direct parents followed by T 21 and C 11 (in five varieties). The variety PRG 176 involved the highest number (9) of ancestors during the course of its development followed by the variety VBN (Rg) 3 with eight ancestors. Results indicated that 51.69% (46 of the 89 varieties) of released varieties were developed through bi-parental crossing whereas 48.31% involved multiple parents. The frequent use of a limited number of ancestors has caused the narrow genetic base of released pigeonpea varieties. We recommend large-scale deployment of novel germplasm resources for generating broad-base breeding populations. This will help to obtain improved pigeonpea cultivars with high grain yield, biotic tolerance and climate adaptation

High-pressure study of ScVO4 by Raman scattering and ab initio calculations

We report results of experimental and theoretical lattice-dynamics studies on scandium orthovanadate up to 35 GPa. Raman-active modes of the low-pressure zircon phase are measured up to 8.2 GPa, where the onset of an irreversible zircon-to-scheelite phase transition is detected. Raman-active modes in the scheelite structure are observed up to 16.5 GPa. Beyond 18.2 GPa we detected a gradual splitting of the Eg modes of the scheelite phase, indicating the onset of a second phase transition. Raman symmetries, frequencies, and pressure coefficients in the three phases of ScVO4 are discussed in the light of ab initio lattice-dynamics calculations that support the experimental results. The results on all the three phases of ScVO4 are compared with those previously reported for related orthovanadates.We acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish MCYT under Grants No. MAT2007-65990-C03-01/03, No. MAT2010-21270-C04-01/03/04, and No. CSD2007-00045, and the computation time provided by the Red Espanola de Supercomputacion and the supercomputer Atlante. F.J.M. acknowledges also financial support from "Vicerrectorado de Innovacion y Desarrollo de la UPV" (No. PAID-05-2009 through Project No. UPV2010-0096). Some of the authors are members of the MALTA Consolider Team.Panchal, V.; Manjón Herrera, FJ.; Errandonea, D.; Rodriguez-Hernandez, P.; López-Solano, J.; Muñoz, A.; Achary, S.... (2011). High-pressure study of ScVO4 by Raman scattering and ab initio calculations. Physical Review B. 83(6):641111-1-64111-10. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.83.064111S641111-164111-10836Shafi, S. P., Kotyk, M. W., Cranswick, L. M. D., Michaelis, V. K., Kroeker, S., & Bieringer, M. 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Thermal performance and corrosion resistance analysis of inorganic eutectic phase change material with one dimensional carbon nanomaterial

The inherent thermal characteristics, supercooling phenomenon, and corrosion issues associated with salt hydrate phase change materials (PCMs) limit their practical applications. In this research work, we report a newly formulated eutectic salt hydrate PCM using a) sodium sulphate decahydrate (SSD) & b) sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate (SPDD); with a focus on customizing its properties to enhance its suitability for low temperature thermal regulation (achieving a melting point of 27.8 °C and a high heat storage capacity of 215 J/g). Additionally, we have successfully reduced the degree of supercooling and introduced corrosion resistant properties to this PCM. To enhance both the thermal energy transfer rate and optical absorbance of the eutectic PCM, we have incorporated one-dimensional (1D) multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) at various weight fractions, extending up to 0.9 %, utilizing a two-step method. The dispersion and chemical stability of SSD/SPDD + MWCNT nanocomposite are verified through the morphological visual and spectral peaks obtained in Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy. Additionally, studies evaluating the optical and thermal property reveal a substantial 500 % increase in absorbance, a notable 77.9 % reduction in transmissibility, a thermal conductivity increase from 0.464 W/m⋅K to 0.742 W/m⋅K (reflecting a 59.9 % increment), and the retention of a consistent melting enthalpy of 218.6 J/g. This stability is attributed to the intermolecular interaction with MWCNT. Similary, the degree of supercooling (ΔT s) for the SSD/SPDD EPCM containing MWCNT decreased to 2.2 °C from 16.5 °C, marking an 86 % reduction compared to the pure eutectic salt solution. Furthermore, this composite demonstrated enhanced thermal and chemical stability throughout 200 thermal cycles. Auxiliary ANSYS simulation, with transient boundary condition, are provided to analyze the heat transfer interactions between the thermic fluid and the newly developed PCM when integrated into a thermal regulation system. Subsequently, a corrosion analysis of the developed eutectic PCM and the nanocomposite eutectic PCM exhibits a corrosion rate of 0.018 mpy, well below the permissible level (<5mpy). The insights gained from the development of this nanocomposite PCM offer valuable guidance for the design and creation of tailored eutectic PCM for low-temperature thermal regulation systems, resulting in significant energy savings