815 research outputs found
How is a Child\u27s Perception of Self Affected by Retention?
The purpose of this study was to inform educators of the impact of grade retention on a child\u27s perception of self, and to provide recommendations and practical applications for educators in the future.
Although the long-term effects of grade retention are still unclear, the number of students being retained annually is steadily on the rise. Conflicting beliefs about the advantages and disadvantages of the retention experience make it difficult to clearly predict which students will benefit from being retained.
A large body of research reports the impact of grade retention on scholastic achievement. As retention has usually been considered to remediate academic difficulties, the effectiveness of retention is logically studied in terms of academic performance. However, because educators recognize the importance of affective variables, it is equally important to assess the effectiveness of retention in terms of self-perceptions and engagement at school.
The focus of this inquiry was to explore the effects of retention as reported by twelve 5th and 6th grade students who had been retained. Because logical and theoretical arguments have been made for the negative effects of retention on a child\u27s self-image, this study examined the self-esteem of retained students. Research techniques included open-ended questions and interviews, using Patton\u27s qualitative interview guide approach.
From the findings, the investigator reached the following conclusions: (a) for the participants in this study, being retained was not detrimental to their perceptions of self; (b) all participants perceived others to like them well; in fact, 5 of the 12 reported that others liked them better following their retention experiences; and (c) all students in this study believed that retention helped them to do better in school
Building Merger Trees from Cosmological N-body Simulations
Although a fair amount of work has been devoted to growing Monte-Carlo merger
trees which resemble those built from an N-body simulation, comparatively
little effort has been invested in quantifying the caveats one necessarily
encounters when one extracts trees directly from such a simulation. To somewhat
revert the tide, this paper seeks to provide its reader with a comprehensive
study of the problems one faces when following this route. The first step to
building merger histories of dark matter haloes and their subhaloes is to
identify these structures in each of the time outputs (snapshots) produced by
the simulation. Even though we discuss a particular implementation of such an
algorithm (called AdaptaHOP) in this paper, we believe that our results do not
depend on the exact details of the implementation but extend to most if not all
(sub)structure finders. We then highlight different ways to build merger
histories from AdaptaHOP haloes and subhaloes, contrasting their various
advantages and drawbacks. We find that the best approach to (sub)halo merging
histories is through an analysis that goes back and forth between
identification and tree building rather than one which conducts a
straightforward sequential treatment of these two steps. This is rooted in the
complexity of the merging trees which have to depict an inherently dynamical
process from the partial temporal information contained in the collection of
instantaneous snapshots available from the N-body simulation.Comment: 19 pages, 28 figure
What is the best way to manage GERD symptoms in the elderly?
No evidence supports one method over another in managing uncomplicated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) for patients aged >65 years. For those with endoscopically documented esophagitis, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) relieve symptoms faster than histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, extrapolation from randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). Treating elderly patients with pantoprazole (Protonix) after resolution of acute esophagitis results in fewer relapses than with placebo (SOR: B, double-blind RCT). Limited evidence suggests that such maintenance therapy for prior esophagitis with either H2RAs or PPIs, at half- and full-dose strength, decreases the frequency of relapse (SOR: B, extrapolation from uncontrolled clinical trial)
Leadership, Service, and Community: A Regional Focus
The ability to train and share updated information on leadership with our community and education leaders are a missing component of most leadership programs. The interaction and communication between institutions of higher education, K-12 education, and the business worlds tend to be an area of constant struggle. The Educational Leadership and Policy Analysis Department (ELPA) at East Tennessee State University are stepping out to serve the leaders of their region with an annual Leadership Symposium. The Doctoral Fellows and other ELPA students have been hosting this symposium for two years and through continued research and growth want to create a model to allow other programs the ability to connect with their surrounding communities
Isomerisation of cis-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to trans-9 trans-11 CLA during acidic methylation can be avoided by a rapid base catalysed methylation of milk fat
This study investigated the evolution of trans-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation and its avoidance through a rapid base methylation of milk fat. The study examined three conditions shown to result in loss of cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation namely: temperature, methylation time, water contamination in old reagents and acidic conditions. Three techniques currently used for the conversion of milk fat into fatty acid methyl esters for analysis of CLA content by gas liquid chromatography and a fourth procedure designed to eliminate acidic conditions and to limit methylation temperature and time were used. The four methods were: (i) acidic methylation (AM); (ii) acidic and basic bimethylation with fresh reagents (FBM); (iii) acidic and basic bimethylation with pre-prepared reagents (PBM) and (iv) basic methylation (BM). Each regime was carried out on six milk samples over two periods and methylated 1 ml freeze-dried milk (n=12 per regime). Total CLA was not different across methylation regimes (0.30 mg/ml). Isomer cis-9 trans-11 was higher (P <0.01) with BM than the other regimes and lowest with AM: 21.2, 17.8, 18.8 and 14.7 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. The inverse relationship was shown for trans-9 trans-11 with higher (P <0.001) amounts with AM than the other regimes and lowest with BM: 0.57, 2.55, 2.36 and 3.69 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. The trans-10 cis-12 isomer was also shown to alter with methylation procedure being higher (P <0.001) with AM than the other regimes: 0.43, 0.47, 0.29 and 1.20 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. Validation with known CLA free fatty acid and triacylglycerol standards confirmed that AM resulted in conversion of cis-9 trans-11 to trans-9 trans-11, and also elevated trans-10 cis-12 whilst BM of triacylglycerol CLA did not isomerise cis-9 trans-11 and was comparable to FBM
How Does Feedback Affect Milky Way Satellite Formation?
We use sub-parsec resolution hydrodynamic resimulations of a Milky Way (MW)
like galaxy at high redshift to investigate the formation of the MW satellite
galaxies. More specifically, we assess the impact of supernova feedback on the
dwarf progenitors of these satellite, and the efficiency of a simple
instantaneous reionisation scenario in suppressing star formation at the
low-mass end of this dwarf distribution. Identifying galaxies in our high
redshift simulation and tracking them to z=0 using a dark matter halo merger
tree, we compare our results to present-day observations and determine the
epoch at which we deem satellite galaxy formation must be completed. We find
that only the low-mass end of the population of luminous subhalos of the
Milky-Way like galaxy is not complete before redshift 8, and that although
supernovae feedback reduces the stellar mass of the low-mass subhalos
(log(M/Msolar) < 9), the number of surviving satellites around the Milky-Way
like galaxy at z = 0 is the same in the run with or without supernova feedback.
If a luminous halo is able to avoid accretion by the Milky-Way progenitor
before redshift 3, then it is likely to survive as a MW satellite to redshift
0.Comment: Oral Presentation, Proceedings of "A Universe of Dwarf Galaxies"
Conference, Lyon 201
An \u3cem\u3eIn Vitro\u3c/em\u3e Investigation of Forage Factors Which Affect the Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and \u3cem\u3eTrans\u3c/em\u3e Vaccenic Acid in the Rumen. II. Wilting & Cell Damage
Previous studies have shown that cis 9 trans 11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations are higher for summer milk produced from cows grazing fresh pastures than for winter milk when conserved forages are fed (Jahreis et al., 1997). Furthermore, Offer (2003) showed that a similar depression in milk fat CLA occurred if grass was simply cut and fed after a short wilt. This experiment investigated the effect of wilting on the production of CLA and trans vaccenic acid (TVA) in an in vitro rumen simulation, and whether any differences could be related to changes in plant structure. It was hypothesised that fresh turgid grass may have a greater propensity for cell damage during mastication than the much more flaccid wilted grass, which in turn may increase microbial metabolism of the grass lipid
- …