Comparative proteomic analysis of saliva from dogs with and without obesity-related metabolic dysfuntion

Dogs develop only some of the components of the human metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus, in order to study possible MetS-related alterations in dogs, human MetS criteria were adapted to define canine MetS or so-called obesity-related metabolic dysfunction (ORMD). The main objective of this study was to identify changes in the salivary proteome of obese dogs with ORMD in comparison with obese dogs without ORMD which may constitute potential salivary biomarkers for assessing ORMD. In a first phase, 12 adult obese dogs with ORMD (N=6) and without ORMD (N=6) were included in the study. Subsequently, and with the aim of validating and strengthening the results, additional 12 obese dogs (6 with and 6 without ORMD) were tested in an independent experiment following the same protocol. Saliva samples were subjected to a quantitative proteomics analysis and the levels of nine salivary proteins were found to be significantly different between groups, among them those which had greatest fold-change were proteins involved in glycolysis and oxidative stress. In conclusion, despite metabolic syndrome to include different combinations of diseases, the observation of differences in salivary proteome suggests a potential of this fluid to understand the pathophysiology of the disease. Significance: This is the first study evaluating proteomes of saliva in dogs, as a non invasive sample, in order to increase knowledge about the metabolic/physiopathological changes related to obesity-related metabolic dysfunction (ORMD) together with the identification of potential biomarkers for its diagnosis. As approximately 20% of dogs with naturally occurring obesity were described to suffer ORMD associated with insulin resistance and hypoadiponectinemia, the fact that indicate possible links between ORMD and associated diseases

Effects of season and postmortem changes on blood analytes in pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica)

Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of the 1) season, and 2) postmortem changes on serum biochemistries related with metabolism in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica). Serum samples from 98 animals obtained from 2009 to 2012 were included. To investigate seasonal influences on blood parameters, the Pyrenean chamois were captured in drive-nets during the feed abundant (FA; n¼32) and food deficient (FD; n¼35) seasons. To evaluate the possible differences in biochemistry analytes when sampling live or dead animals, we used serum samples from 32 captured animals and 31 dead animals (obtained during controlled hunting) in the FA season. Significant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (24%), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA, 190%), total antioxidant capacity (68%), and haptoglobin (33%) were observed in FD when compared with FA seasons. Albumin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) showed statistically significant decreases of 10% and 11%, respectively, in samples taken in the FD season compared to the FA season. Statistically significant higher concentrations were found in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (22%), triglycerides (28%), acetylcholinesterase (50%), NEFA (383%), albumin (18%), IGF-1 (53%), cortisol (959%), and paraoxonase-1 (20%) in samples collected from live animals compared to samples collected from dead ones. We demonstrated that season should be taken into account when evaluating serum biochemistries in Pyrenean chamois because, in the FD season, these animals present lipid mobilization, decreased albumin and IGF-1, and increased total antioxidant capacity compared with the FA season. In addition, if samples are taken from dead animals, observed decreases in serum lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, paraoxonase-1, acetylcholinesterase, NEFA, cortisol, IGF-1, and an increase in haptoglobin should be expected

Proteomics-based identification of salivary changes in patients with burning mouth syndrome

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral condition characterized by an intraoral burning sensation, taste alterations, and dry mouth sensations. Although a number of factors have been closely related to the appearance of the symptoms, including anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances, the etiology of BMS remains unclear. Furthermore, currently no objective diagnostic tools exist, making its diagnosis challenging. Therefore, to contribute to the knowledge about BMS etiology and look for objective tools for its diagnosis, the present study was conducted. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the proteomic profile of the resting whole saliva of patients with BMS and age and sex-matched controls using two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results showed evidence of changes in saliva at the level of proteins related to important pathways such as stress (sAA), immune system (Ig), and inflammation (leukocyte elastase inhibitor). While some of our findings have been previously described others, such as the deregulation of the coiled-coin domain containing protein 25 in BMS, are presented here for the first time to our knowledge. Thus, saliva provides us with relevant information about BMS pathophysiology and could be considered a suitable biofluid for its study and/or diagnosi

Učinak dodatka Lactobacillus sakei na prinos mlijeka, lipidni profil i oksidativni status krava u laktaciji

The aim of the study was to investigate if feeding with Lactobacillus sakei could be beneficial for dairy cows. For this purpose, twenty mid-lactation cows were randomly allocated into two groups: the control, which received standard food, and the test group, which received standard food with L. sakei supplementation (5.0*108 colony forming units of L. sakei per day) for a two month period. Before and after the experimental period milk production and serum lipid profile (total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides) and oxidative markers (paraoxonase 1, total antioxidant capacity [TAC], total oxidant status [TOS], and oxidative stress index [OSI]) were evaluated. After the experimental period the control group showed very a mild, although significant decrease in serum triglycerides, while in the test group significant decreases in serum total cholesterol and TAC, and increases in triglycerides, TOS, and OSI were observed. The results of the present research indicate that L. sakei supplementation may not be beneficial for dairy cows, as alterations in lipid profile and increased oxidative stress were observed, without any increase in milk production.Cilj je ovog rada bio istražiti može li Lactobacillus sakei dodan u hranu poboljšati proizvodnju mlijeka u mliječnih krava. U tu je svrhu 20 krava u sredini laktacije nasumično bilo podijeljeno u dvije skupine: kontrolnu, koja je dobivala uobičajenu hranu i pokusnu, koja je dobivala uobičajenu hranu s dodatkom L. sakei (5,0x108 stanica L. sakei na dan). Pokus je trajao dva mjeseca. Prije i nakon pokusnog razdoblja promatrana je proizvodnja mlijeka i određivan lipidni profil (ukupni kolesterol, kolesterol visoke gustoće i trigliceridi) te oksidacijski biljezi (paraoksonaza 1, ukupni antioksidacijski kapacitet, ukupni oksidacijski status i indeks oksidacijskog stresa). Nakon pokusnog razdoblja kontrolna skupina pokazivala je blago, ali ipak signifikantno sniženje serumskih triglicerida, dok se u pokusne skupine značajno snizio ukupni kolesterol u serumu i ukupni antioksidacijski kapacitet, a povisili su se trigliceridi, vrijednosti ukupnog oksidacijskog statusa i indeks oksidacijskog stresa. Rezultati upućuju na zaključak da dodatak L. sakei nije bio od koristi za mliječne krave s obzirom na to da su bile ustanovljene promjene u lipidnom profilu i povišenje oksidacijskog stresa bez povećane proizvodnje mlijek

Microbial Community Analysis During Start-up of Anaerobic Co-digestion Based on Quinone Profiles Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction

Quinone profile is well known as a useful tool for the analysis of microbial community dynamics in mixed cultures in terms of quantification, simplicity, and reproducibility. The application of quinone profile method in anaerobic digestion is to monitor and overcome instability during fermentation process. A lab-scale anaerobic digestion treating a mixture of milk cow manure (CM) and simulated food waste (FW) during start-up process at mesophilic conditions was used to monitor the change of microbial community dynamics and stability. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) experiments using CO2 and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) was applied for extract and determination of ubiquinones (UQ) and menaquinones (MK) species. Quinone can be a helpful tool to make the link between microbial community and anaerobic digestion parameters in order to overcome digester instability during the start-up process

How Reliable Are Laboratory Test When Diagnosing Bitch Mastitis?

Canine mastitis represents a major threat for both pups and nursing bitch. If left untreated, it can complicate with neonatal death, sepsis, and mastitis gangrenosa; for this reason quick and accurate diagnosis and treatment initiation are crucial health restoration. Even though mastitis is considered to be an emergency, most of the time it is overlooked. Henceforth, clinicians should be aware of the clinical importance of mastitis and that laboratory assays such as milk pH, cytology, and biochemistry (milk and serum) are of high utility. Furthermore, milk microbiology and susceptibility tests are still important since they bring additional information about the pathogenesis and the treatment possibilities

Evaluation of various biomarkers for kidney monitoring during canine leishmaniosis treatment

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the evolution of the profile currently recommended by the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) (sCr, UPC and sSDMA) with a panel of other different kidney biomarkers during treatment for canine leishmaniosis. This panel included three urinary glomerular biomarkers (uIgG, uCRP and uferritin) and three urinary tubular biomarkers (uGGT, uNAG and uRBP). These biomarkers were measured in two groups of dogs with canine leishmaniosis at IRIS stage I. Group 1: dogs showing proteinuria (UPC > 0.5) before treatment which did not decrease after treatment; Group 2: dogs showing proteinuria before treatment which decreased after treatment. Results: Group 1 showed no significant changes in any biomarker after treatment. In group 2, among the biomarkers recommended by the IRIS, only UPC showed a significant decrease after treatment. However all biomarkers of glomerular damage showed a significant decrease after treatment, with uIgG/Cr and uCRP/Cr showing the greater decreases. In addition uRBP/Cr and uNAG/Cr showed significant decreases after treatment. Conclusions: In dogs with leishmaniosis at IRIS stage I that reduced UPC after treatment, there were no significant changes in serum creatinine and sSDMA. However, all the urine biomarkers evaluated with exception of uGGT showed a significant decrease. These decreases were more evident in those markers related with glomerular function, being uIgG/Cr the biomarker more associated with UPC. Further studies involving a larger number of animals and histological analysis of the kidney would be recommended to confirm these findings and evaluate the routine practical use of these urine biomarkers in canine leishmaniosis

Use of saliva for diagnosis and monitoring the SARS-CoV-2: a general perspective

In this report, updated information and future perspectives about the use of saliva as a sample for laboratory analysis of the Covid-19 are highlighted. Saliva can be used for the direct detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the quantification of the specific immunoglobulins produced against it, and for the evaluation of the non-specific, innate immune response of the patient. Moreover, a deeper knowledge of potential changes in the saliva proteome in this disease may allow the identification of new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, or even help our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the disease. With the development of appropriate sample collection and processing methods and the use of adequate assays, saliva can provide useful clinical information about the disease and could be potentially included in guidelines for sample collection for the diagnosis, disease management, and control of Covid-19

Obesidade Humana e Canina: Factores de Risco

A prevalência da obesidade humana triplicou em muitos países da União Europeia desde os anos 80, permanecendo o seu aumento a um ritmo alarmante [1]. Nos cães de companhia observou-se, igualmente, um aumento da sua prevalência [1]. Apesar destas evidências, a situação em Portugal não está caracterizada em animais de companhia, e a relação entre as obesidades canina e humana não é conhecida para a população portuguesa. Este trabalho teve como objectivo avaliar a prevalência de obesidade humana e canina, em Portugal, procurando identi car possíveis relações entre estas e factores de risco em comum. Este trabalho foi incluído num estudo multicêntrico Europeu [2] e baseou-se na aplicação de um questionário a tutores acima dos 18 anos com, pelo menos, um cão [2]. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que homens acima dos 55 anos, e sem prática de atividade física regular, têm maior probabilidade de desenvolver obesidade. Nos cães, a taxa de prevalência de obesidade aumenta nos castrados, sem prática regular de exercício, com ou sem dono, com administração de dieta diária sem considerar as recomenda ções comerciais. Também se observou associação positiva entre a obesidade do cão e este adoecer facilmente. Os factores de risco observados, no nosso modelo nal, semelhantes quer para os tutores quer para os seus cães, já foram anteriormente identi cados por diversos autores com resultados idênticos [3,4,5]. Os resultados obtidos permitem e sugerem que este problema deva ser analisado numa perspectiva do conceito de Uma Só Saúde (One Health)