Unable to Conform, Unwilling to Rebel? Youth, Culture, and Motivation in Globalizing Japan

This paper investigates the effects of globalization on Japanese young adults from sociological and psychological perspectives. While Japan’s socio-economic institutions have shown mainly resistant (or “hot”) reactions to globalization, individual-level adaptations remain oriented toward conformity to dominant life expectations, which remain largely unchanged, despite decreasing rewards. However, a socially withdrawn sub-group (the so-called hikikomori) appears to be unable to conform yet is also unwilling to rebel. The experimental evidence we review suggests such youth deviate from typical Japanese motivational patterns but have not necessarily become more Western. This poses serious problems in an interdependence-oriented culture, but the paralysis of this group seems to be an outcome of labor market change rather than a psychopathology. Finally, we also identify a contrasting group – whom we call the quiet mavericks – that adapts in creative and integrative (or “cool”) ways by negotiating conformist pressures tactfully. Our account sheds light on just how complex and painful the psychological and sociological effects of globalization can be for young people in conformist societies, with implications to policy and social sustainability

Unable to conform, unwilling to rebel? Youth, culture, and motivation in globalizing Japan

This paper investigates the effects of globalization on Japanese young adults from sociological and psychological perspectives. While Japan’s socio-economic institutions have shown mainly resistant (or “hot”) reactions to globalization, individual-level adaptations remain oriented toward conformity to dominant life expectations, which remain largely unchanged, despite decreasing rewards. However, a socially withdrawn sub-group (the so-called hikikomori) appears to be unable to conform yet is also unwilling to rebel. The experimental evidence we review suggests such youth deviate from typical Japanese motivational patterns but have not necessarily become more Western. This poses serious problems in an interdependence-oriented culture, but the paralysis of this group seems to be an outcome of labor market change rather than a psychopathology. Finally, we also identify a contrasting group – whom we call the quiet mavericks – that adapts in creative and integrative (or “cool”) ways by negotiating conformist pressures tactfully. Our account sheds light on just how complex and painful the psychological and sociological effects of globalization can be for young people in conformist societies, with implications to policy and social sustainability

Social innovation skills: what are they?

Addressing the grand challenges of the future is impossible without widened participation in social innovation. If so, it makes a great deal of sense to consciously nurture the skill sets that enable successful social innovation by diverse individuals and teams. However, what exactly are these skills

Creative Jolts: Responses to Existentially Threatening Feedback by Early Stage Entrepreneurs

Feedback constitutes an essential part of the creative process. While recent research has greatly improved our understanding of how feedback interactions can shape emerging ideas over time (Harrison & Rouse, 2015), it has largely omitted strongly affective episodes whereby the very point or viability of a creator’s idea are called into question. In this paper, we focus on unexpected instances where feedback sets up an existential threat condition for the creator, requiring him/her to respond in a potentially radical way. We label this affective trigger-response process the creative jolt episode and utilize an inductive multiple-case study design to examine 10 such episodes based on longitudinal qualitative research into the idea journeys of early-stage digital entrepreneurs in London (which we researched exhaustively for eight to thirteen months). We make an original contribution to organizational creativity research by (1) empirically investigating and preliminary theorizing the phenomenon of existential feedback; (2) demonstrating how and why such feedback can have generative effects, producing marked shifts in creators’ idea journeys; and (3) offering an original process model detailing two contrasting creative jolt pathways. We argue that disruptive episodes of existential feedback – that are relatively rare yet potentially transformative – should be incorporated into our understanding of the dynamic relationship between feedback and creativity over time. (This is an Academy of Management "best paper" proceedings contribution presented at AOM in 2019

Standardised data collection in prehospital critical care : a comparison of medical problem categories and discharge diagnoses

Background Prehospital medical problem reporting is essential in the management of helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) operations. The consensus-based template for reporting and documenting in physician-staffed prehospital services exists and the classification of medical problems presented in the template is widely used in research and quality improvement. However, validation of the reported prehospital medical problem is lacking. This study aimed to describe the in-hospital diagnoses, patient characteristics and medical interventions in different categories of medical problems. Methods This retrospective, observational registry study examined the 10 most common in-hospital International Statistical Classification of Disease (ICD-10) diagnoseswithin different prehospital medical problem categories, defined by the HEMS physician/paramedic immediately after the mission was completed. Data were gathered from a national HEMS quality registry and a national hospital discharge registry. Patient characteristics and medical interventions related to different medical problem categories are also described. Results A total of 33,844 patients were included in the analyses. All the medical problem categories included a broad spectrum of ICD-10 diagnoses (the number of diagnosis classes per medical problem category ranged from 73 to 403). The most frequent diagnoses were mainly consistent with the reported medical problems. Overlapping of ICD-10 diagnoses was mostly seen in two medical problem categories: stroke and acute neurology excluding stroke. Additionally, typical patient characteristics and disturbances in vital signs were related to adequate medical problem categories. Conclusions Medical problems reported by HEMS personnel have adequate correspondence to hospital discharge diagnoses. However, the classification of cerebrovascular accidents remains challenging.Peer reviewe

Cerebral oxygen desaturation events during and functional outcomes after prehospital anaesthesia : A prospective pilot study

Background: During prehospital anaesthesia, oxygen delivery to the brain might be inadequate to match the oxygen consumption, with unknown long-term functional outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of monitoring cerebral oxygenation during prehospital anaesthesia and determining the long-term outcomes. Methods: We performed a prospective observational feasibility study in two helicopter emergency medical services units. Frontal lobe regional oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) of adult patients undergoing prehospital anaesthesia was monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) by a Nonin H500 oximeter. The outcome was evaluated with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 30 days and 1 year. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured with a 15D instrument at 1 year. Results: Of 101 patients enrolled, 83 were included. The mean baseline rSO(2) was 79% (73-84). Desaturation for at least 5 min to rSO(2) below 50% or a decrease of 10% from baseline occurred in four (5%, 95% CI 2%-12%) and 19 (23%, 95% CI 15-93) patients. At 1 year, 32 patients (53%, 95% CI 41-65) achieved favourable neurological outcomes. The median 15D score was 0.889 (Q1-Q3, 0.796-0.970). Conclusion: Monitoring cerebral oxygenation with a hand-held oximeter during prehospital anaesthesia and collecting data on functional outcomes and HRQoL are feasible. Only half of the patients achieved a favourable functional outcome. The effects of cerebral oxygenation on outcomes during prehospital critical care need to be assessed in future studies.Peer reviewe

InDEx – Industrial Data Excellence

InDEx, the Industrial Data Excellence program, was created to investigate what industrial data can be collected, shared, and utilized for new intelligent services in high-performing, reliable and secure ways, and how to accomplish that in practice in the Finnish manufacturing industry.InDEx produced several insights into data in an industrial environment, collecting data, sharing data in the value chain and in the factory environment, and utilizing and manipulating data with artificial intelligence. Data has an important role in the future in an industrial context, but data sources and utilization mechanisms are more diverse than in cases related to consumer data. Experiences in the InDEx cases showed that there is great potential in data utili zation.Currently, successful business cases built on data sharing are either company-internal or utilize an existing value chain. The data market has not yet matured, and third-party offerings based on public and private data sources are rare. In this program, we tried out a framework that aimed to securely and in a controlled manner share data between organizations. We also worked to improve the contractual framework needed to support new business based on shared data, and we conducted a study of applicable business models. Based on this, we searched for new data-based opportunities within the project consortium. The vision of data as a tradeable good or of sharing with external partners is still to come true, but we believe that we have taken steps in the right direction.The program started in fall 2019 and ended in April 2022. The program faced restrictions caused by COVID-19, which had an effect on the intensity of the work during 2020 and 2021, and the program was extended by one year. Because of meeting restrictions, InDEx collaboration was realized through online meetings. We learned to work and collaborate using digital tools and environments. Despite the mentioned hindrances, and thanks to Business Finland’s flexibility, the extension time made it possible for most of the planned goals to be achieved.This report gives insights in the outcomes of the companies’ work within the InDEx program. DIMECC InDEx is the first finalized program by the members of the Finnish Advanced Manufacturing Network (FAMN, www.famn.fi).</p

Ultraäänen käyttökoulutuksen järjestäminen Eksoten ensihoidon kenttäjohtajille

Tässä toiminnallisessa opinnäytetyössä tarkoituksena oli suunnitella, koota ja järjestää ultraäänen käyttökoulutus ensihoidon kenttäjohtajille Etelä-Karjalan sosiaali- ja terveyspiirin alueella. Koulutuksen tavoitteena oli opettaa kohderyhmälle ultraäänen toimintaperiaate, ultraäänilaitteen peruskäyttö sekä sydämen ja keuhkojen sovellettu ultraäänitutkimus PAUSE-protokollaa mukaillen. Koulutuksen jälkeen kohderyhmällä tuli olla perustaidot ultraäänen hyödyntämiseen päivittäistyössään sekä valmius kouluttaa vastaava osaamistaso oman työpaikkansa henkilöstölle. Opinnäytetyön teoriapohja koottiin perehtymällä ultraäänen käyttöön ensihoidossa ulkomailla ja Suomessa. Teoriapohja rakennettiin tutkimustiedon lisäksi ultraääntä päivittäin työssään käyttävien asiantuntijoiden vapailla haastatteluilla. Koulutuspaketti koottiin kerättyä tietoa sekä asiantuntijalääkärin, anestesiologian ja tehohoidon erikoislääkäri Susanne Ångerman-Haasmaa, ammattitaitoa hyödyntäen, ja valmis koulutus järjestettiin syksyllä 2014 Lappeenrannassa. Saadut oppimistulokset olivat pääosin samansuuntaisia aiempien aihetta käsitelleiden tutkimusten kanssa, ja kohderyhmä koki annettujen oppimistavoitteiden täyttyneen. Valmis koulutuspaketti luovutettiin koulutuksen jälkeen Eksoten ensihoidon käyttöön, ja ensihoidon kenttäjohtajat jatkavat henkilöstönsä kouluttamista työn pohjalta. Jatkotutkimuksissa olisi aiheellista selvittää ultraäänen käytön yleistymistä ensihoidossa kansainvälisesti ja Suomessa, seurata ultraäänen käyttöä Etelä-Karjalan alueen ensihoidossa ja syventää jo koulutetun henkilöstön osaamista uusilla tutkimusikkunoilla tai –aiheilla. Perusteltua olisi myös tutkia opinnäytetyön pohjalta koulutetun henkilöstön osaamisen säilymistä.The objective of this practical thesis was to plan, compose and organize an entry-level ultrasound training for EMS supervisors in South Karelia. The aim was to teach the basics of ultrasound functionality, use in medicine, practicality in out-of-hospital care and how to perform the PAUSE-protocol. After the training the audience should possess the necessary skills to utilize ultrasound examinations at work and to teach the same basic level of knowledge to other paramedics. The theory to this thesis was collected by familiarizing the authors with the use of ultrasound in emergency medical services. Along with knowledge gathered from mostly English language literature and research, the authors consulted Finnish medical experts who use ultrasound in their work. Using this theoretical background and the practical advice of anaesthetist Susanne Ångerman-Haasmaa (M.D., HEMS physician), the authors collated a one-day training course which was held in Lappeenranta, Finland in the autumn of 2014. Evidence gathered from the training course followed mainly along the lines of prior research into the subject. The target audience found that the training goals had been achieved and are now utilizing the training course composed in this thesis to educate other paramedics in South Karelia

"Don’t let your child become a NEET!”: The strategic foundations of a Japanese youth scare

This article contributes to the growing body of literature on Japanese youth problems by tracing and unpacking a recent moral panic surrounding young people identified as ‘NEETs’ for being ‘not in education, employment or training’. While sharing many key features with other mainstream youth problems in Japan, the case of ‘NEETs’ illuminates particularly well the strategic interplay of social labels and more technical policy categories. To this end, a clear distinction is made between the social category nīto and the policy target group ‘NEET’. Close attention is paid to how these were re-defined in the Japanese context, including how the latter came apply to a remarkably expansive age group (15–34-year-olds). Most importantly however, the account highlights the central actors and interrogates their respective interests, providing strong support for the argument that the ‘NEET problem’ amounted ultimately to a strategic campaign designed to clear the way for new youth policies. The findings explicated will contribute to our understanding of high-profile youth scares as well as other social problems in Japan that operate through the media but are intimately linked to policy-making