Honor Thy Sovereign: Hobbes and Honoring in Mid-Seventeenth-Century England.

The dissertation has four principal ambitions. First, I supply a careful analysis of the social practice and the discourse of honoring in mid-seventeenth-century-England. Second, I place Thomas Hobbes’s account of honoring within its historical context and show where Hobbes’s account corresponds to and deviates from familiar mid-seventeenth-century English accounts. Third, I argue that Hobbes’s account of sovereign authorization is an account of honoring; authorizing the sovereign is an honoring practice. Finally, I embed Hobbes’s justifications for sovereign authorization and obedience into a mid-seventeenth-century honoring narrative. The third objective challenges current legal-juridical accounts of sovereign authorization. Scholarship on the development of early modern political thought traditionally understands Hobbes’s account of the founding of political order as a matter of contract. The dissertation, however, demonstrates that Hobbes’s description of the act through which an individual authorizes a sovereign more closely resembles the Christian relationship constituted by a humble individual honoring God than it does a contract between members of a nascent bourgeoisie. Far from assuming independence and relative equality, the discourse of honoring presupposes or constitutes unequal relations between subjects-to-be who humbly give honor and the sovereign who is honored. I thus challenge contemporary accounts of Hobbes that overemphasize the secular underpinnings of his political thought by situating sovereign authorization in a religious discourse and by identifying it as a sacred practice. In addition, conceptualizing the act of sovereign authorization as an act of honoring has profound implications. It affects our understanding of how early modern subjects conceptualized inequalities and hierarchies, and impacts our understanding of the constitution of unequal power. It influences our understanding of the motivation, on the one hand, of the sovereign to protect and, on the other, of subjects to obey. Finally, the very idea of sovereign authorization as well as arguments justifying obedience shift when we see how they are embedded in the secular and sacred idioms and practices of honoring that I analyze in the dissertation.Ph.D.Political ScienceUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60796/1/mtutschk_1.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/60796/2/mtutschk_2.pd

The mean spherical model for a Lorentz–Berthelot mixture of sticky hard spheres

We have analyzed the Percus-Yevick ͑PY͒ and the mean spherical model ͑MSM͒ equation for an N-component system of sticky hard spheres. The PY approximation leads to a set of N(Nϩ1)/2 coupled quadratic equations for the unknown coefficients. While for this closure, the pair distribution functions have to be calculated numerically, we can proceed in the MSM one step further if we assume a Lorentz-Berthelot-type rule for the interactions: then the structure functions can be calculated analytically. We show that under these conditions in the limit N→ϱ ͑stochastic limit͒ the analyticity of the solution is preserved. General expressions both for the discrete and continuous ͑polydisperse͒ case are presented

Polydisperse fluid mixtures of adhesive colloidal particles

We investigate polydispersity effects on the average structure factor of colloidal suspensions of neutral particles with surface adhesion. A sticky hard sphere model alternative to Baxter's one is considered. The choice of factorizable stickiness parameters in the potential allows a simple analytic solution, within the ``mean spherical approximation'', for any number of components and arbitrary stickiness distribution. Two particular cases are discussed: i) all particles have different sizes but equal stickiness (Model I), and ii) each particle has a stickiness proportional to its size (Model II). The interplay between attraction and polydispersity yields a markedly different behaviour for the two Models in regimes of strong coupling (i.e. strong adhesive forces and low temperature) and large polydispersity. These results are then exploited to reanalyze experimental scattering data on sterically stabilized silica particles.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures (included), Physica A (2001) to appea

MRI Appearance of Florid Cystic Endosalpingiosis of the Uterus: a Case Report

Endosalpingiosis is a non-neoplastic proliferation of ectopic tubal epithelium. It may be found incidentally or the patients may present with chronic pelvic pain. It may resemble a gynecologic malignancy on imaging findings and clinicians and radiologists should be aware of this benign entity to render a correct diagnosis and to avoid over-treatment. We report here the MR imaging appearance of a case of florid cystic endosalpingiosis

Unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation using a chemotherapy-only preparative regimen for adults with high-risk acute myelogenous leukemia

Limited data are available for adults undergoing unrelated donor (URD) BMT for AML using chemotherapy-only preparative regimens. Previous studies incorporated irradiation, included adults and children, and excluded secondary leukemia. Herein we report long-term outcomes for adults with poor-prognostic AML receiving a novel regimen of busulfan (16 mg/kg), cytarabine (8,000 mg/m 2 ), and cyclophosphamide (120 mg/kg) (BAC), followed by URD BMT. From June 1995 through October 2001, 45 adults were enrolled. Adverse features included unfavorable cytogenetics (49%), secondary AML (47%), leukemia at transplant (42%), and extramedullary disease (16%). At time of BMT, 23 were in remission (12 CR1) while 22 had leukemia. Four (9%) died early. Acute and chronic GVHD rates were 44 and 67%, respectively. Seventeen (38%) were disease-free 52 months post-BMT; 13 were leukemia-free (eight CR1) at transplant. Eleven relapsed. Three-year DFS and OS were 42 and 46%, respectively. DFS and OS were longer, and relapses less, for those in CR at time of BMT. Secondary leukemia, cytogenetics, cell dose, and GVHD did not influence outcome. In poor-risk AML, BAC provided cytoreduction comparable to reported TBI-containing regimens, when administered for URD BMT. With decreasing treatment-related mortality, it is justified to proceed early to URD BMT for patients with poor prognostic features. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/55885/1/20759_ftp.pd

Algunos ejemplos de Realpolitik en las fuentes griegas

Se comentan algunos ejemplos de textos legales que muestran un enfoque decididamente realista, inspirado por un principio de racionalismo práctico y una total autonomía en la aplicación de la inteligencia humana a la previsión y resolución de los problemas de la vida en comunidad. Los testimonios analizados primero, son epigráficos: una arcaica inscripción de Quíos (VII-VI), cuya mención de una µïùìc äèíïóÝè indujo a considerarla un temprano ejemplo de constitución democrática, y los códigos legales, en forma de Imprecaciones Públicas, recogidos en dos inscripciones procedentes de Teos (490-470). Finalmente se insiste en el paralelismo de estos testimonios directos con un texto literario, la Ciropedia de Jenofonte.Using some fragments of archaic legal texts, and of Xenophon's Cyropaedia, we show the dominant role, within the Ancient Greek World, of a principle of practical rationality to deal with the problems arising from life of the human communities. A principle relying upon a full authonomy of the human mind. The fragments belong to a Chios' inscription (VII-VI), usually seen as an early remain of a democratic constitution because of its mentioning of a µïùìc äèíïóÝè, and to the law codes on two inscriptions from Teos (490-470), written in the form of public imprecations. An akin method is suggested for the political strategies shown by the literary hero of Xenophon's Cyropaedia

Busulphan is active against neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma xenografts in athymic mice at clinically achievable plasma drug concentrations

High-dose busulphan-containing chemotherapy regimens have shown high response rates in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma and medulloblastoma. However, the anti-tumour activity of busulfan as a single agent remains to be defined, and this was evaluated in athymic mice bearing advanced stage subcutaneous paediatric solid tumour xenografts. Because busulphan is highly insoluble in water, the use of several vehicles for enteral and parenteral administration was first investigated in terms of pharmacokinetics and toxicity. The highest bioavailability was obtained with busulphan in DMSO administered i.p. When busulphan was suspended in carboxymethylcellulose and given orally or i.p., the bioavailability was poor. Then, in the therapeutic experiments, busulphan in DMSO was administered i.p. on days 0 and 4. At the maximum tolerated total dose (50 mg kg−1), busulphan induced a significant tumour growth delay, ranging from 12 to 34 days in the three neuroblastomas evaluated and in one out of three medulloblastomas. At a dose level above the maximum tolerated dose, busulphan induced complete and partial tumour regressions. Busulphan was inactive in a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) xenograft. When busulphan pharmacokinetics in mice and humans were considered, the estimated systemic exposure at the therapeutically active dose in mice (113 μg h ml−1) was close to the mean total systemic exposure in children receiving high-dose busulphan (102.4 μg h ml−1). In conclusion, busulphan displayed a significant anti-tumour activity in neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma xenografts at plasma drug concentrations which can be achieved clinically in children receiving high-dose busulphan-containing regimens. 1999 Cancer Research Campaig