Change of size and type of patent ductus arteriosus in a one year old infant during routine echocardiographic study

There are only very few publications which document reactivity of patent ductus arteriosus. This report documentes the reactivity of a patent arterial duct in a one year old infant, 6.5 kg weight during a routine echocardiographic color Doppler study. Echocardiographic images were obtained during conscious sedation.peer-reviewe

Attitudes and perceptions towards hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes mellitus: A multinational cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Preventing hypoglycaemia is an essential component of diabetes self-management that is affected by patients' attitudes and perceptions. This study aimed to explore the hypoglycaemia problem-solving ability of patients who have diabetes mellitus and factors that determine their attitudes and perceptions towards their previous events. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2017 and May 2018 in three Arab countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait) in patients with diabetes mellitus, who were prescribed antidiabetic therapy and had experienced hypoglycaemic events in the past six months. The Hypoglycaemia Problem-Solving Scale was used in this study. This scale contains two subscales, problem orientation (six questions) and problem-solving skills (eighteen questions), using a five-point Likert scale (range 0-4). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of hypoglycaemia problem-solving abilities. RESULTS: A total of 895 patients participated in this study from the three countries (300 in Jordan, 302 in Saudi Arabia, and 293 in Kuwait). The average age of the patients was 53.5 years (standard deviation = 13.7) and 52.4% (n = 469) were males. Patients had moderate overall problem-solving ability with a median score of 63.00 (interquartile range = 13.00). Patients' problem-solving skills score (68.1%) was better than their problem-orientation skills score (58.3%). The highest sub-scale scores were for detection control, setting problem-solving goals, and evaluating strategies, 75.0%. The lowest sub-scale score was for problem-solving perception and immediate management, 50.0%. Older age, being educated, being married, having T2DM, prescribed insulin therapy, and not having been admitted to hospital for hypoglycaemia were important predictors of patients' problem-solving ability (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals are advised to provide more education to patients on how to self-manage hypoglycaemic events. Specifically, they should focus on the overall problem-solving perception of hypoglycaemia and its immediate management

Prevalence of Energy Drinks Consumption among Adolescents and Young Adults in Makkah, KSA

Energy drinks are a carbonated beverage containing high amount of caffeine and sugar as well as added vitamins and other substances. Objective: to estimate the prevalence of energy drink consumption among adolescents and young adults in Makkah, KSA. Methods: cross sectional study was conducted during the academic year 1437 H. The study included 1190 participants. A convenience sample of 1190 participants (521 female – 669 male) were recruited of the study. They were categorized into two groups based on their age; group 1: 575adolescents (12-19 year) and group 2: 615young adults, aged (˃19-25 year). Self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of energy drink consumption. Questionnaire included five items: a) Demographic characteristics; b) Anthropometric measurements; c) Food Habits; d)Knowledge and believes; and E) Medical history. All analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program, Version 20.0.Differences between males and females in respect of frequency of energy drinks intake were assessed by conducting a Chi-Square test. P- Value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: nearly half of the participants (46.73%) were consume energy drink. About (33.33%) from young adults male were consumed energy drinks while driving. Among young adult male who consumed energy drink, about 27.2% were drank more than 2 cans per day. 43.88% of young adult male were drank energy drink in the exam period. The most favorite energy drink was Code Red. Conclusion: energy drinks consumption is common practice among adolescents and young adults in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. We recommend further studies to evaluate the side effects of energy drinks consumption and factors that increase the consumption between adolescents and young adults. Also we recommend that handling of energy drinks to be under the supervision of the Ministry of Health. Keywords: Energy drinks, Adolescents, Young adult

Comparison of the marginal adaptation of direct and indirect composite inlay restorations with optical coherence tomography

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to use the photonic imaging modality of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to compare the marginal adaptation of composite inlays fabricated by direct and indirect techniques. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Class II cavities were prepared on 34 extracted human molar teeth. The cavities were randomly divided into two groups according to the inlay fabrication technique. The first group was directly restored on cavities with a composite (Esthet X HD, Dentsply, Germany) after isolating. The second group was indirectly restored with the same composite material. Marginal adaptations were scanned before cementation with an invisible infrared light beam of OCT (Thorlabs), allowing measurement in 200 µm intervals. Restorations were cemented with a self-adhesive cement resin (SmartCem2, Dentsply), and then marginal adaptations were again measured with OCT. Mean values were statistically compared by using independent-samples t-test and paired samples t-test (p<0.05), before and after cementation. RESULTS: Direct inlays presented statistically smaller marginal discrepancy values than indirect inlays, before (p=0.00001442) and after (p=0.00001466) cementation. Marginal discrepancy values were increased for all restorations after cementation (p=0.00008839, p=0.000000952 for direct and indirect inlays, respectively). The mean marginal discrepancy value of the direct group increased from 56.88±20.04 µm to 91.88±31.7 µm, whereas the indirect group increased from 107.54±35.63 µm to 170.29±54.83 µm. Different techniques are available to detect marginal adaptation of restorations, but the OCT system can give quantitative information about resin cement thickness and its interaction between tooth and restoration in a nondestructive manner. CONCLUSIONS: Direct inlays presented smaller marginal discrepancy than indirect inlays. The marginal discrepancy values were increased for all restorations that refer to cement thickness after cementation

Proceedings of the 24th Paediatric Rheumatology European Society Congress: Part three

From Springer Nature via Jisc Publications Router.Publication status: PublishedHistory: collection 2017-09, epub 2017-09-0

Development of wearable and flexible ultrasonic sensor for skeletal muscle monitoring

A wearable and flexible ultrasonic sensor was developed for monitoring of skeletal muscle contraction. The sensor was constructed using a PVDF piezoelectric polymer film without a matching layer or backing material. Due to its lightness (less than 1 gram), thinness (200 μm) and flexibility, this sensor was wearable and enabled non-invasive and continuous muscle monitoring without restricting muscle movement, which is not feasible using a conventional handheld ultrasonic probe. The developed sensor was used to monitor muscle contractions in the index finger by ultrasonic pulse-echo measurements and in the forearm by through-transmission measurements. It was successfully demonstrated that the tissue thickness variations were measured in accordance with the muscle contraction performed

Noninvasive Adaptation Appraisal of Antimicrobial Nano-Filled Composite

ABSTRACT: Objective: The aim of this research was to assess the effect of incorporating zein-coated magnesium oxide (zMgO) nanofillers to resin-based composite on the internal adaptation of the restorations using cross-polarisation optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT). Methods: Thirty noncarious human molar teeth were used. Class V cavities (3 × 5 mm) were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth. Clearfil SE Bond 2 was applied to all the cavities and then the teeth were divided into 3 groups (n = 10) as follows: group 1–restored with N-Flow composite; group 2 and group 3–restored with N-Flow composite mixed with different zMgO nanoparticle concentrations (0.3% and 0.5% by weight, respectively) and then light cured using an LED curing device. Specimens were examined for interfacial adaptation examination under CP-OCT. Characterisation of the dental composite incorporating zMgO was done by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results were analysed with Kruskall–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney U test, at a significance level of P < .05. Results: XRD spectra exhibited the sharp peaks of zMgO in the composite enhanced with zMgO nanoparticles. FESEM analysis showed a uniform distribution of the zMgO nanoparticles in the composite and FTIR illustrated no change in the spectra. The gap percentage along the cavity floor was significantly lower in groups 2 and 3 in comparison to group 1 (P < .05). Also there was a significant difference in gap percentages between groups 2 and 3 (P < .05), with group 3 showing the lowest gap percentage. Conclusions: The incorporation of 0.3% and 0.5% zMgO nanoparticles in flowable composite assists in improving the internal adaptation of the composite to the tooth surface

Characteristics of Heat Illness during Hajj: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction. Data regarding the characteristics and outcomes of heat illness are lacking in the literature. The present study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics, morbidity, management, and mortality associated with heat illness among Hajj participants. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the Hajj in 2016 on patients who presented to emergency departments and were diagnosed with heat exhaustion or heatstroke. Data were collected using a structured collection sheet developed based on the literature. Results. A total of 267 patients were recruited. Of these, 80 (29%) and 187 (67.75%) were diagnosed with heatstroke and heat exhaustion, with 6.3% and 0.0% mortality, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 54.0±16 years. Diabetes mellitus was the most common comorbidity among both heatstroke and heat exhaustion patients. The majority of patients had hyperthermia and electrolyte imbalance. Most of the heat illness cases were treated per heat illness guidelines. Conclusions. Although authorities are working on research and forming interdisciplinary teams to prevent health problems during the Hajj, the mortality rate from heatstroke is high and the majority of the patients had hyperthermia, varied signs and symptoms, elevated creatinine levels, and electrolyte imbalances