Scaling effects of riparian peatlands on stable isotopes in runoff and DOC mobilization

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the European Research Council ERC (project GA 335910 VeWa) for funding the VeWa project. Part of this work was funded through the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) (project NE/K000268/1). We would also like to thank our NRI colleagues for all their help with field and laboratory work, especially Jason Lessels, Matthias Sprenger, Jonathan Dick, Audrey Innes and Ann Porter. We would like to also thank Iain Malcolm (Marine Scotland Science) for providing AWS and Girnock flow data. Please contact the authors for access to the data used in this paper.Peer reviewedPostprin

Stream water age distributions controlled by storage dynamics and nonlinear hydrologic connectivity : Modeling with high-resolution isotope data

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Linking high-frequency DOC dynamics to the age of connected water sources

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank our NRI colleagues for all their help with field and laboratory work, especially Audrey Innes, Jonathan Dick, and Ann Porter. We would like to also thank Iain Malcolm (Marine Scotland Science) for providing AWS data and the European Research Council ERC (project GA 335910 VEWA) for funding the VeWa project. Please contact the authors for access to the data used in this paper. We would also like to thank the Natural Environment Research Council NERC (project NE/K000268/1) for funding.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Self-Objectification Among Physically Active Women

This article discusses self-objectification among physically active women

Menstrual cycle and oral contraceptives' effects on growth hormone response to sprinting

The present study examined the impact of the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive (OC) use on the growth hormone response to nonmotorized treadmill sprinting. Nine monophasic OC users (21.5 ± 4.7 years old), and 8 normally menstruating women (NM; 21.4 ± 2.9 years old) participated in the study. Each participant completed 2 main trials, each consisting of an all-out 30-s treadmill sprint. The NM group performed one trial in the midfollicular phase (NM follicular) and one in the midluteal phase (NM luteal); the OC group’s trials occurred one week into the start of the pill-taking cycle and once during the week in which pills were not taken.Venous blood samples were analyzed for growth hormone, pH, lactate, glucose, and progesterone concentrations. Peak and mean power output did not differ between the groups or with menstrual phase, or between the OC-free and OC trials. Integrated growth hormone was greater in the OC group than in the NM group (p = 0.04) with no phase difference (p = 0.80, mean (SD); NM follicular: 421 (335) and NM luteal: 345 (304) vs. OC free: 737 (471) and OC: 758 (389) µg·L–1·90 min–1). Blood lactate was higher in the OC group than in the NM group (p = 0.007) and, conversely, pH was lower in the OC group (p = 0.01). These results demonstrate that OC users who take high-androgenicity pills have a higher growth hormone response to sprint running than do normally menstruating women. </jats:p

Production of high internal phase emulsions using rising air bubbles

High internal phase water in oil emulsions were produced by air sparging the two-phase system. The air sparging provided a mechanism for the incremental addition of the aqueous phase into the oil phase, and in turn the formation of aggregates of the aqueous droplets. Over time, a space-filling network of the droplets developed throughout the whole container. We refer to this critical state as a homogeneous, high internal phase coarse emulsion. Once the coarse emulsion was produced, the air bubbles were forced to perform useful work on the network, causing a refinement in the size of the droplets, with a concomitant increase in the emulsion viscosity. The emulsification process was reliable, however, over only a narrow range of air addition rates. At very low rates, the thin film drainage of the oil from between the aqueous droplets was more extensive, and hence the aqueous droplets coalesced and returned to the lower aqueous zone. At higher rates, the air flow tended to disrupt the droplet network. When expanded metal mesh was inserted into the vessel, with each horizontal layer of mesh separated by 40 mm, the process was found to be significantly more robust. Thus, using higher air rates, it was possible to achieve more than an order of magnitude increase in the emulsification rate. A well-defined coarse emulsion was also generated using gravity, by firstly causing aqueous phase droplets to detach from an upper surface, and secondly sediment to form a bed of droplets below. A given dispersed phase volume fraction was produced by fluidising the bed. Once the required bed concentration was formed, a refined emulsion was readily generated by air sparging