Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the European Research Council ERC (project GA 335910 VeWa) for funding the VeWa project. Part of this work was funded through the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) (project NE/K000268/1). We would also like to thank our NRI colleagues for all their help with field and laboratory work, especially Jason Lessels, Matthias Sprenger, Jonathan Dick, Audrey Innes and Ann Porter. We would like to also thank Iain Malcolm (Marine Scotland Science) for providing AWS and Girnock flow data. Please contact the authors for access to the data used in this paper.Peer reviewedPostprin
