Proposta di un protocollo pratico per la valutazione dell'indice di condizione nei mitili (M. galloprovincialis)

The indices for the yields evaluation, as well as condition index (CI), that relate the amount of the meat with shell weight are widely used both for scientific research both for shellfish farming management, representing the main tools for the evaluation of merchantable traits in bivalve mollusks. CI values changes are due to a variety of factors, including mainly food availability and physiological status but also animal health and water temperature and salinity. Different methods are used to calculate IC value. in the mussels. The present study is intended to present a simple protocol for the CI mussels (M. galloprovincialis) evaluation able to mediate scientific rigor needs with the management needs in order to adopt an uniform procedure

"Vulnerabilidade à ação antrópica e uso e ocupação do solo para a estação ecológica municipal Ilha do Lameirão, Vitória, ES"

O Município de Vitória sofreu um intenso processo de degradação de seus manguezais incentivado pela crise do café na década de 60 e pela criação de novas industrias, movimentando um grande contingente populacional para a capital capixaba. A Estação Ecológica Municipal Ilha do Lameirão, que faz parte dos 891,83 hectares do Manguezal de Vitória, tem como objetivo a pesquisa e a preservação deste ecossistema ambientalmente importante. Este trabalho buscou demonstrar a evolução temporal ocorrida nesta e em seu entorno desenvolvendo mapas de uso e ocupação do solo por meio de digitalização via tela utilizando aerofotos dos anos de 1978 e 2003 e, também, uma imagem pancromática do satélite quickbird 2005. Assim, foi possível delimitar os principais fatores de degradação proporcionados pelo homem e, utilizando o Método Analítico Hierárquico proposto por Saaty (1977), verificar a vulnerabilidade a ação antrópica para esta área de preservação. Identificou-se uma recuperação do manguezal de 1,89% em relação à área total estudada, que equivale a uma área de 0,62 km2, no período de 1978 ao ano de 2005, entretanto foi comprovada uma vulnerabilidade classificada como média-baixa a altíssima-alta para a área

Voice Conversion Using K-Histograms and Residual Averaging

The main goal of a voice conversion system is to modify the voice of a source speaker, in order to be perceived as if it had been uttered by another specific speaker.   Many approaches found in the literature convert only the features related to the vocal tract of the speaker. Our proposal is to convert those characteristics of the vocal tract, and also to process the signal passing through the vocal chords. Thus, the goal of this work is to obtain better scores in the voice conversion results.Fil: Uriz, Alejandro José. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingenieria. Departamento de Electronica. Laboratorio de Comunicaciones; ArgentinaFil: Pablo D. Agüero. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Mar del Plata;Fil: Castiñeira Moreira; Jorge. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingenieria. Departamento de Electronica. Laboratorio de Comunicaciones;Fil: Tulli, J. C.. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingenieria. Departamento de Electronica. Laboratorio de Comunicaciones; ArgentinaFil: González, Esteban Lucio. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Bonafonte, A.. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ingenieria. Departamento de Electronica. Laboratorio de Comunicaciones; Argentin

Elevated 8-isoprostane levels in basal cell carcinoma and in UVA irradiated skin.

Isoprostanes are prostaglandin isomers produced from the peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids from the cellular membrane. They have been used as a specific index of cellular lipoperoxidation and as an indirect measure of oxidative stress. However, these molecules also present several biological activities. An oxidative environment measured as the presence of other indirect measurements of reactive oxygen species lipoperoxidation has recently been described in basal cell carcinoma, the most frequent type of non-melanoma skin cancer. This study aims to measure the levels of 8-isoprostaglandin F2α, an isoprostane widely studied in other models as a by-product of ROS-induced lipid peroxidation, in basal cell carcinoma and in UVA irradiated healthy skin. We found that 8-iso-PGF2α is present in higher levels in BCC specimens compared to healthy non sun-exposed skin, confirming previous studies on the production of lipoperoxidation in this tumor. Moreover, we demonstrated that topical pre-treatment with a compound containing vitamin E is capable of reducing 8-iso-PGF2α formation in UV irradiated skin suggesting a role for isoprostanes in UV induced inflammation and eventually carcinogenesis and confirming the function of vitamin E as an antioxidant in this model

The use of stable isotope ratio analysis to trace European sea bass (D. labrax) originating from different farming systems

This study aimed to determine whether isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) can discriminate farmed European sea bass according to different farming systems and geographic origins. Dicentrarchus labrax of commercial size from three different rearing systems (concrete tank inland, sea cages, and extensive methods in valleys or salt works) were collected at the trading period (autumn\u2013winter). For each farming type, different locations spread over Italy were monitored. Once the fish were harvested, the muscle and feed were sampled. For both muscle and feed, \u3b413C and \u3b415N were measured by continuous flow elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-EA-IRMS) with the goal of discriminating samples based on the rearing system. Additional \u3b42H and \u3b418O measurements of fish samples were performed by continuous flow total combustion elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-TC/EA-IRMS) to track the geographical origin. The measurements of \u3b413C and \u3b415N made it possible to discriminate cultured sea bass from different farming systems (extensive vs. intensive) reared at different geographical sites in Italy. Additional information was obtained from \u3b418O and \u3b42H, which enabled the geographical areas of origin of the sea bass farmed extensively and intensively (in cages) to be distinguished

Coordination-Driven Monolayer-to-Bilayer Transition in 2D Metal-Organic Networks

We report on monolayer-to-bilayer transitions in 2D metal−organic networks (MONs) from amphiphiles supported at the water−air interface. Functionalized calix[4]arenes are assembled through the coordination of selected transition metal ions to yield monomolecular 2D crystalline layers. In the presence of Ni(II) ions, interfacial self-assembly and coordination yields stable monolayers. Cu(II) promotes 2D coordination of a monolayer which is then diffusively reorganizing, nucleates, and grows a progressive amount of second layer islands. Atomic force microscopic data of these layers after transfer onto solid substrates reveal crystalline packing geometries with submolecular resolution as they are varying in function of the building blocks and the kinetics of the assembly. We assign this monolayer-to- bilayer transition to a diffusive reorganization of the initial monolayers owing to chemical vacancies of the predominant coordination motif formed by Cu2+ ions. Our results introduce a new dimension into the controlled monolayer-to-multilayer architecturing of 2D metal− organic networks

Replacing maize grain with ancient wheat lines by‐products in organic laying hens’ diet affects intestinal morphology and enzymatic activity

The effects of replacement of maize grain with ancient wheat by‐products on intestinal morphometry and enzymatic activity in laying hens was studied. Eighty hens were divided into two groups (40 each, 8 replicates, 5 hens/replicate) fed two isoproteic and isoenergetic diets. In the treated group, part of the maize was replaced by a mix of ancient grains (AGs) middling, in a 50:50 ratio of Triticum aestivum L. var. spelta (spelt) and Triticum durum dicoccum L. (emmer wheat). The AG diet affected the weight of all the large intestine tracts, decreasing the weight of caeca (p < 0.01) and increasing those of colon (p < 0.01), rectum and cloaca (p < 0.05). Villus height in the AG group was higher (p < 0.01) than the control for the duodenum and jejunum, while for the ileum, the control group showed the highest values (p < 0.01). The submucosa thickness was higher (p < 0.01) in the control group for the duodenum and ileum, while the jejunum for the AG group showed the highest (p < 0.05) submucosa thickness. The crypts depth was higher (p < 0.01) in the control group for the duodenum and ileum. Enzyme activity was enhanced by AGs (p < 0.01) in the duodenum. Regarding the jejunum, sucrase‐isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase had higher activity (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively) in the AG group. In the ileum, sucrase‐isomaltase showed higher activity (p < 0.01) in the control group, while alkaline phosphatase showed the highest values (p < 0.05) in the AG group. Overall, results suggested that the dietary inclusion of AGs exerted positive effects in hens, showing an improved intestinal function

Chemical composition and apparent digestibility of a panel of dried microalgae and cyanobacteria biomasses in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Despite a growing interest in microalgae and cyanobacteria as potential sources of nutrients in aquafeeds, little information is presently available on their nutritive value for carnivorous fish species. The aim of this study was to evaluate chemical composition and nutrient digestibility of a panel of microalgae and cyanobacteria dried biomasses (MACB), using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.) as a fish model. Nine test diets were obtained by mixing 80 parts of a reference diet, added with 20 g/kg of acid insoluble ash as an indigestible marker, to 20 parts of each of the following dried whole-cell biomass: Arthrospira platensis, Nostoc sphaeroides, two strains of Chlorella sorokiniana, Nannochloropsis oceanica, Tisochrysis lutea, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Porphyridium purpureum and Tetraselmis suecica. The digestibility measurements were conducted with rainbow trout (52.4 \ub1 1.5 g) kept in six tank units each including three 60-L vessels singularly stocked with 12 fish and fitted with a settling column for faecal recovery. Per each diet, faeces were collected over three independent 10-day periods. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein (CP), organic matter and gross energy (GE) of single MACB were calculated by difference relative to those of the reference diet. The MACBs had heterogeneous chemical composition (CP, from 20 to 69%; Lipid, 5\u201327%; GE, 12.5-\u201322.6 MJ/kg dry matter basis) reflecting their overall biodiversity. Most of them can be considered as virtually good sources of minerals and trace elements and exhibit an essential amino acid profile comparable or even better than that of soybean meal commonly used in fish feeds with P. purpureum showing the best protein profile. The digestibility results obtained with rainbow trout allowed ranking the MACBs into two major groups. A first one, including C. sorokiniana, N. oceanica and T. suecica, resulted in markedly lower (P < 0.05) crude protein and energy ADC (64\u201373%; 51\u201359%, respectively) compared to a second group including P. purpureum, T. lutea and cyanobacteria (CP-ADC, 83\u201388%; GE-ADC, 74\u201390%) while P. tricornutum resulted in intermediate values. Overall, the present study confirms the consistently reported role of cell-wall structure/composition in affecting accessibility of nutrients to digestive enzyme. Based on the overall outcomes, only T. lutea and cyanobacteria actually meet the requirements for being used as protein sources in aquafeeds provided their mass production becomes more feasible and costeffective, hence attractive for the feed-mill industry in the near future

Functional infrared imaging of paroxysmal ischemic events in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.

The use of thermal infrared (IR) imaging together with the study of the thermal recovery from a controlled cold challenge has been proposed in the diagnosis and follow-up of therapeutic response of Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP) and Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). The controlled cold challenge test usually performed during IR investigations may induce a RP in patients with the latter condition. In our Institution we routinely perform capillaroscopy and thermal IR to follow-up SSc patients. In this paper, we describe the thermal recovery patterns shown by two SSc patients (a 40 year-old male with diffuse variant of SSc and a 71 year-old female with a limited variant of SSc) who presented ischemic and paroxysmal RP attack while recovering from the routine controlled cold challenge test. During RP attack, the cutaneous temperature of some fingers continued to decrease for some minutes even after the cessation of the cold stress. To the best of our knowledge, to date, no literature report has documented the thermal behaviour of SSc patients' fingers which occasionally present ischemic and paroxysmal response. Triggering of ischemic RP attack appears to not rely only on morphological and structural finger impairment, but also upon other aspects, like the emotional attitude of the subject and the possible discomfort experienced with the proceeding of the functional cold stress test