Protective effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast on smoking-induced lung injury in Wistar rats.

Increased activation of alveolar macrophage, neutrophil and mast cell has been proven in cigarette smoking (CS)-related lung disorders (CSLD). An increased production of cysteinyl-leukotrienes (LTs), which are mediators secreted from the mentioned cells, in response to CS has been shown in humans. The protective effect of LT1 receptor-1 antagonist (LTR-1AT) on CSLD is, however, not known. In this study we aimed to determine whether there is any protective effect of a LTR-1AT, montelukast (MK), on CSLD in Wistar rats. Nine controls and twenty-three smoke-exposed rats were enrolled into this study. Controls were exposed to non-filtered air, and the smoke-exposed rats were exposed to CS for 6 h/day, 6 days/week for three weeks. The CS-exposed rats were also treated with 0.1 mg/kg/day of MK or saline. Morphometric criteria for lung injury were determined as the mean linear intercept of alveolar septa (Lm), the volume density of alveolar septa (Vvspt) and the density of the alveolar surface area per unit volume of lung parenchyma (Sva.pa). Lung mast cells (LMC), which are a major source of LTs, were also counted. Results showed that Lm of the control group was significantly lower and Vvspt, Sva.pa of the controls were significantly higher compared to those of the CS-exposed groups. Animals treated with MK had significant protection against CSLD. Lm was significantly higher and Vvspt, Sva.pa were lower in the saline group than in the MK-treated group. The number of LMC in the CS-exposed groups was also significantly higher than that in the control group. Based on these results, one can suggest that some part of the pathogenesis of CSLD may be related to an enhanced LTs synthesis and LTR-1AT. Therefore, montelukast may protect against active or passive smoking-induced lung injury and related disorders.</p

In Vitro Cytotoxicity of GuttaFlow Bioseal, GuttaFlow 2, AH-Plus and MTA Fillapex

Introduction: The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of different sealers including GuttaFlow Bioseal, GuttaFlow 2, AH-Plus and MTA Fillapex on L929 murine fibroblasts. Methods and Materials: Samples of GuttaFlow Bioseal, GuttaFlow 2, AH-Plus and MTA Fillapex were fabricated in Teflon disks of 5 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness. L929 fibroblasts were exposed to the extracts of these materials for 3, 24, 72 and 168 h at 37°C with 5% CO2. Cell viability was evaluated by the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The data were analysed by ANOVA. Results: GuttaFlow Bioseal was nontoxic at all experimental time points (P&gt;0.05), whereas MTA Fillapex and AH-Plus were toxic (P&lt;0.001). At 7 days, there were more viable cells in the GuttaFlow 2 group than in the control group, and MTA Fillapex was more cytotoxic than AH-Plus. There were more apoptotic cells in the MTA Fillapex and AH-Plus groups than in the other groups at 3 h (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: GuttaFlow sealers are less cytotoxic than MTA Fillapex and AH-Plus. At all experimental time points, there was no significant difference in the cell viability between the GuttaFlow Bioseal group and the control group.Keywords: AH-Plus; Cytotoxicity; GuttaFlow Bioseal; GuttaFlow 2; MTA Fillapex; MTT Assay; TUNEL Assa

The Effects of the Melatonin Treatment on the Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Diabetic Eye and Brain

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of complications in diabetes mellitus. Antioxidant therapy has been thought to decrease oxidative stress. The objective of the present study was to explore the effects of melatonin (MLT) on oxidative stress in diabetic rat eye and brain tissue by using immunohistochemical methods. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin, (STZ, 55 mg/kg/i.p) in adult rats. MLT was given 10 mg/kg/i.p once a day for 2 weeks beginning from the sixth week. Six weeks later, rats were divided into three groups: control (CR), STZ-induced diabetic (STZ), and STZ-induced diabetic group received melatonin (STZ+MLT). Although no significant difference was observed with respect to antioxidant status, NOS activity tended to be higher in the untreated diabetic rats than in the treated rats. It was observed that MLT treatment improved the histopathological changes including apoptosis and oxidative stress in brain and eye in diabetic rat

Clinical Study The Role of Serum Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Osteodystrophy in Male Cirrhotic Patients

Objective. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible role of serum cytokines in the development of hepatic osteodystrophy. Matherial and Methods. 44 consecutive male cirrhotic patients (17 alcoholic, 20 hepatitis B, 7 hepatitis C), 15 age-and sex-matched chronic alcoholics without liver disease, and 17 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study during one year period. Bone mineral density was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry in the lumbar vertebrate and femoral neck. Serum interleukin levels were measured by ELISA method. Results. Although osteopenia frequency between our cirrhotic patients was 20%, there was no difference in T-scores among the controls and other groups. Serum interleukin-1, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were not different between all groups. Serum interleukin-2 and interleukin-6 levels were higher in the cirrhotics than controls (P &lt; 0.001). However, there were no significant difference between osteopenic and nonosteopenic cirrhotics. Conclusion. According to the results of the study in this small population of 44 male cirrhotic patients, frequency of hepatic osteopenia is small and serum interleukins 1, 2, 6, 8, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha may not play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic osteodystrophy. Further studies in which large number of patients involved are necessary in this field

© 2009 The WJG Press and Baishideng. All rights reserved.

doi:10.3748/wjg.15.541

Synthesis and the effect of a novel benzoxazole compound on breast cancer cell line

Breast cancer today is the most frequent cancer among women, and the second most common cause of cancer deaths among women. The aim of this study was to synthesize a new benzoxazole derivative, scan it for anti-cancer potential by MTT test using different breast cancer cell lines, and examine its effects on NF-&#954;B and apopitosis-related proteins (APAF-1, cytochrome C, caspase-3, bcl-2) by the western blot method. newly-synthesized benzoxazole compound was applied to breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB, MCF-7) and its cytotoxicity was measured quantitatively by MTT test. Later, the level of its effects on NF-&#954;B and apopitosis-related proteins (APAF-1, cytochrome C, caspase-3, bcl-2) were examined by the western blot method. In our study, the structure of the synthesized new 5-[4-chlorobutanamido]-2-(p-methylphenyl)benzoxazole was proved by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy analysis methods. When the toxic effects of the application of the compound on the cell lines was examined by MTT, it had a greater toxic effect on MCF-7 when compared with MDA-MB, and IC50 levels were lower. When the protein was examined in immunohistochemistry with regard to VEGF, eNOS and TUNEL, it was observed that it caused a reduction in VEGF and an increase in eNOS and TUNEL. In the assay of the proteins by western blot, when benzoxazole compound was added to the MDA and MCF-7 cell line, there was no difference from the control group in Apaf-1 and BCL-2 levels, but a reduction was observed in caspase and Nfk&#946; levels compared with the control group. When the compound was added to the MDA-MB cell line, an increase was shown in the Cytochrome C level compared to the control group, but no difference was seen in the MCF-7 cell line. It is felt that this synthesized new benzoxazole compound increases apopitosis by reducing the activation of Nfk&#946;, and in this way has shown an effect of inhibiting tumor growth in cancer treatment. In addition, it is felt that this can provide hope in cancer treatment by the improved phase studies. [Med-Science 2019; 8(1.000): 186-91

Bladder Function Recovery in Rats With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury After Transplantation of Neuronal-Glial Restricted Precursors or Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

WOS: 000266020500138PubMed ID: 19375728Purpose: We investigated functional recovery of the lower urinary system in rats with spinal cord injury after transplanting neuronal restricted precursors/glial restricted precursors or neural cells derived from bone marrow stromal cells into the injured area of the spinal cord. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 rats underwent experimentation in 4 groups, including group 1-sham operation, group 2-spinal cord injury plus neuronal restricted precursor/glial restricted precursor transplantation, group 3-spinal cord injury plus bone marrow stromal cell transplantation and group 4-spinal cord injury control. All rats in the 4 groups were investigated urodynamically and sacrificed on day 28 after transplantation. The cells transplanted into the injured spinal cord underwent histological investigation. Results: Transplanted cells (neuronal and glial restricted precursors, and bone marrow stromal cells) were found to maintain a presence in the injured spinal cord area. Baseline pressure, maximum capacity, mean uninhibited contraction amplitude, mean voiding pressure, voided volume and post-void residual volume were significantly better in groups 2 and 3 than in group 4, while baseline pressure in group 2 was better than that in group 3. We found no significant difference among the groups according to mean uninhibited contraction frequency. Conclusions: Although neuronal/glial restricted precursor transplanted rats seemed to have more improvement, all rats in groups 2 and 3 showed some significant improvement in lower urinary system function. On the other hand, the level of this improvement was far from complete functional recovery

Effects Of Propranolol And Paclitaxel On Angiogenesis In Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of propranolol (PR), which is used in infantile hemangiomas, and paclitaxel (PX), which is widely used as an chemotherapeutic agent, on cancer cells. Materials and Methods: That the cells counted with trypan blue the doubling time were determined. Also with MTT assay were analyzed the cytotoxic effect and IC50 value of drugs. In the breast cancer cell lines which are differents with regard to invasion (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) anti-VEGF, anti-eNOS, anti-iNOS and anti-ERK1/2 primer antibodies investigated by using immunohistochemical methods. To evaluation of immunoreactivity was used the H-scoring system. Results: With MTT test, IC50 values are applied to the cells dosage for MDA-MB-231 cells; PX: 5 nmol, PR: 50 mu m, and for MCF-7 cells PX: 3,7 nmol, PR: 50 mu m, were established. In immunohistochemical application, immunoreactivity of control group was increased with strong and/or stronger in the cancer cells, while those of in PX, PR and combine treatment was decreased either significant or very significant. Conclusion: With this study, application of anti chemotherapeutic therapy which is paclitaxel, in additon with anti angiogenic therapy in the treatment of breast cancer, vascular vasodilation, cell proliferation, migration, survival ultimately thought to be important in the prevention or reduce of angiogenesis.Wo