Experimentos de elección en la estimación de medidas de bienestar y priorización de políticas en Saneamiento Básico

El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar los beneficios económicos potenciales por una mejora integral en la provisión de servicios de saneamiento básico (agua, alcantarillado y tratamiento) mediante el experimento de elección (EE) con modelos logit multinomial y logit mixto. Se realizaron 392 encuestas a usuarios de los servicios de saneamiento básico en la ciudad de Puno. Mediante el modelo logit mixto-dummy codes se estimó una disposición a pagar marginal (DAPM) agregada de S/9.95/mes/vivienda. Con base en el modelo logit multinomial-effect codes, se logró estimar la variación compensatoria (VC) en S/9.11/mes/vivienda. Al comparar ambos resultados, se concluye que no existen diferencias significativas, por lo tanto, cualquiera de estas medidas monetarias de bienestar, al ser agregado en función a la población potencialmente beneficiaria por el cambio, se podría utilizar como medida de beneficio económico en la evaluación costo/beneficio de las mejoras planteadas. Así mismo se ha evidenciado que el atributo “tratamiento” en más valorada que los atributos “agua” y “alcantarillado”, por lo tanto, cualquier política orientada a mejorar los servicios de saneamiento básico en la ciudad de Puno debe estar prioritariamente focalizada a solucionar el tratamiento de aguas residuales. La elección de alternativas de mejora en los servicios de saneamiento básico está condicionada por el nivel educativo y el ingreso monetario mensual de los usuarios

Relevance of internal time and circadian robustness for cancer patients

International audienceAbstractBackgroundAdequate circadian timing of cancer treatment schedules (chronotherapy) can enhance tolerance and efficacy several-fold in experimental and clinical situations. However, the optimal timing varies according to sex, genetic background and lifestyle. Here, we compute the individual phase of the Circadian Timing System to decipher the internal timing of each patient and find the optimal treatment timing.MethodsTwenty-four patients (11 male; 13 female), aged 36 to 77 years, with advanced or metastatic gastro-intestinal cancer were recruited. Inner wrist surface Temperature, arm Activity and Position (TAP) were recorded every 10 min for 12 days, divided into three 4-day spans before, during and after a course of a set chronotherapy schedule. Pertinent indexes, I < O and a new biomarker, DI (degree of temporal internal order maintenance), were computed for each patient and period.ResultsThree circadian rhythms and the TAP rhythm grew less stable and more fragmented in response to treatment. Furthermore, large inter- and intra-individual changes were found for T, A, P and TAP patterns, with phase differences of up to 12 hours among patients. A moderate perturbation of temporal internal order was observed, but the administration of fixed chronomodulated chemotherapy partially resynchronized temperature and activity rhythms by the end of the study.ConclusionsThe integrated variable TAP, together with the asynchrony among rhythms revealed by the new biomarker DI, would help in the personalization of cancer chronotherapy, taking into account individual circadian phase markers

El impacto de variables de personalidad en la estimación de la demanda, Un estudio de caso en Concepción

The role of psychological variables on demand elasticity is analyzed in this work. Choice models are expressed as function of personality variables: attitude, affection and social factos, as well as context and habit. Revealed preference information, collected in the Collao neighbourhood, Concepcion – Chile, was used to estimate discrete choice models, incorporating the psychological variables through a latent variables approach, with structural equation modeling and sequential estimation of coefficients. Results show that psychological variables help to improve the model goodness of fit, affecting demand elasticity with respect to prices and times.En este trabajo se estudia el impacto de la incorporación de variables psicológicas sobre la elasticidad de la demanda. La elección se modela en función de variables de personalidad: actitud, afecto y social, variables de contexto y hábito. Información de preferencias reveladas, recolectada en el sector Collao, Concepción – Chile, es utilizada para estimar diversos modelos de elección, incorporando las variables psicológicas como variables latentes, a través de modelos estructurales y estimación secuencial de los coeficientes. Los resultados muestran que las variables  psicológicas mejoran el ajuste de los modelos, impactando las elasticidades de la demanda respecto al precio y tiempos

Antiviral capacity of sanitizers against infectious viruses in process water from the produce industry under batch and continuous conditions

The presence of human enteric viruses in produce has extensively been reported. However, the significance of the quality of process water (PW) used by the produce industry and the viral inactivation capacity of water disinfection agents used to maintain the microbiological quality of PW has received limited attention. This study evaluates the antiviral disinfection efficacy of chlorine, chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and peracetic acid (PAA) at recommended operational limits in PW using hepatitis A virus (HAV), the cultivable norovirus surrogate, murine norovirus (MNV-1), and MS2 coliphages. Defined commodity representative crops (baby leaves, bell peppers, and the vegetable mix of tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, and onions) associated with specific water-based processes were studied. Two systems classified as either batch or continuous system were used. The continuous system allows the continuously entrance of sanitizer solution and organic matter added to the washing tank to simulate the conditions of an industry wash tank. Batch scale experiments showed that 20 mg/L chlorine and 3 mg/L chlorine dioxide completely inactivated MNV-1 and MS2 (mean of 5 log) after 1 min contact time regardless of the PW type. However, the infectivity of HAV was reduced only by less than 2 log after 1 min for chlorine and chlorine dioxide and the complete inactivation was not observed even after 10 min. On the contrary, residual viral infectivity/viability of HAV, MNV-1 and MS2 was observed for PAA in the three types of PW. The inactivation kinetic models for MS2 coliphages were developed based on the data obtained under the continuous system comparing the three types of PW. Chlorine (5 mg/L) and chlorine dioxide (2-3 mg/L) avoided the accumulation of MS2 below the detection limit while PAA (80 mg/L) was unable to prevent it independently of the type of PW. In summary, in the washing operation, it is a key objective to reach virus inactivation through the selection of the most effective sanitizer by guaranteeing that sufficient concentration and contact times prevent the risk of viral cross-contamination

Analysis of competencies in the teachers trainign through the practicum

[ES] Resumen El actual contexto social, cultural y tecnológico, junto con el diseño de los nuevos títulos de grado en Educación Primaria e Infantil hace necesaria una reflexión en torno a cómo ha de ser la formación de los nuevos maestros y cuáles son las competencias profesionales que les permitirán adaptarse satisfactoriamente a las presentes demandas. En la Sociedad de la Información y la Comunicación, es imprescindible cambiar los roles y escenarios de enseñanza aprendizaje, para garantizar la formación de individuos competentes, es decir, capaces de aplicar conocimiento de forma satisfactoria. Los maestros juegan un papel esencial en la educación de las futuras generaciones bajo este enfoque, y son, por tanto, la pieza clave para propiciar la adaptación a los nuevos tiempos. Ante estas necesidades, la formación del profesorado supone un hecho fundamental y el periodo de prácticum constituye una situación privilegiada para el desarrollo de las competencias asociadas al nuevo perfil profesional del maestro. Este trabajo involucra a distintos agentes (tutores de prácticum en centros educativos, investigadores y tutores en la universidad, directivos, alumnos egresados, etc., en el estudio de dichas competencias profesionales, con el objeto de diseñar las líneas generales de un plan formativo, que dé respuesta a las conclusiones extraídas de la investigación. El objetivo general del estudio es determinar la coherencia entre las demandas actuales que se realizan a los docentes en ejercicio y la oferta real de formación que se establece desde los Centros Universitarios. En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados del análisis de contenidos de las competencias de los Grados de Maestro en Educación Infantil y Maestro en Educación Primaria como primer paso antes de su posterior estudio por los diferentes agentes mencionados.[EN] The current social, cultural and technological context along with the design of the new degree in Primary education and Infant requires a reflection on how the training of new teachers should be and which skills would enable them to successfully adapt to the present demands. In the Information and Communication Society it becomes essential to change the roles and scenarios of teaching and learning to ensure the training of competent individuals, i.e., able to apply knowledge in a satisfactory manner. Teachers play an important role in the education of future generations under this approach and, therefore, they are the key to facilitate adaptation to changing times. Hence teacher training becomes crucial and the practicum period constitutes a privileged situation to develop competences associated to the new professional profile of teachers. In the present work a variety of people related with these competences (Practicum tutors in educational centers, researchers and university tutors, senior, graduate students… collaborated with us to outline a training plan stemming from the conclusions of the investigation. The main aim of the study is to determine the consistency between the current demands of active teachers in exercise and the real offer provided from university. This paper shows results of content analyses over the competences described for teacher training degrees as a first step of further analyses to be accomplished by the different agents previously mentioned.Cámara Estrella, ÁM.; Abril Gallego, AM.; Díaz Pareja, EM.; Gutiérrez García, F.; Párraga Montilla, JA.; Romero Ariza, M.; Ortega Tudela, JM. (2011). Análisis de competencias en la formación de maestros a través del practicum. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria. 9(2):55-70. https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2011.6158OJS557092Abadía, T. J. (2004). Propuesta de modelo didáctico de evaluación del Prácticum, con el campus virtual (mediante enseñanza semipresencial), en la Facultad de Educación. Investigar durante las Prácticas Escolares (Medio Social y Cultural). Zaragoza, Huesca, Teruel: Universidad de Zaragoza. Presentación al Congreso de Poio de 2004.Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación (ANECA) (2005) Libro Blanco. Título de Grado de Maestro. Madrid: Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad.Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y Acreditación (ANECA). (2003) Programa de convergencia europea. El crédito europeo. Madrid: Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de la Calidad y la Acreditación.Álvarez Rojo, V (2009) Evaluación del diseño de las "Guías Forcom de Autoevaluación de Competencias Docentes" para el EEES. Alvarez, V. (coord.) et al. En Red U. Revista de docencia Universitaria www.redu.um.es/Red_U/4 Visitado por última vez 13 julio 2011AQU Cataluña Calbó Angrill, Falgàs Isern, Alsina Tarrés, Serra Bonet, Alsina Pastells, Herrara Fuente, Capell Castañer, Batllori Obiols, Pradas Casas, López Cruells, Romero Díaz, Vallès Villanueva y de la Creu Godoy. (2009) Guía para la evaluación de competencias en el Prácticum de los estudios de maestro/aBarcelona: Agència per a la Qualitat del Sistema Universitari de Catalunya.Comisión Europea (2005). Common European Principles for Teacher Competences and Qualifications. Consultado el 16/05/2011 en http://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/2010/doc/principles_en.pdf Última consulta 13 julio 2011.DECRETO 230/2007, de 31 de julio, por el que se establece la ordenación y las enseñanzas correspondientes a la educación primaria en Andalucía.Goggi, L (1999) "Competeze e metacognizione tra assunti e artefatti", en API, nº 5‐6, pgs. 94‐99Fernández March, A. (2010) La evaluación orientada al aprendizaje en un modelo de formación por competencias en la educación universitaria. Revista de Docencia Universitaria, Vol.8 (n.1) 11‐34.INFORME PISA 2009.Raposo Rivas, M y otros (2007): Buenas prácticas en el prácticum. Actas IX Symposium Internacional sobre Prácticum. Asociación Iberoamericana de Didáctica Universitaria. Universidad de Santiago.Raposo Rivas, M y otros (2009): El prácticum más allá del empleo. Actas X Symposium Internacional sobre Prácticum. Asociación Iberoamericana de Didáctica Universitaria. Universidad de SantiagoRychen, D.S. & Salganik, L.H. (2003): "A holistic model of competence", en Rychen, D.S. & Salganik, L.H. (eds.): Key competencies for successful life and a well‐ functioning society. Göttingen: Hogrefe & Huber

Usos del e‐learning en las Universidades Andaluzas: estado de la situación y análisis de buenas prácticas. (Resumen ejecutivo).

Secretaría General de Universidades, Investigación y Tecnología P07-SE-J.0267

A New Integrated Variable Based on Thermometry, Actimetry and Body Position (TAP) to Evaluate Circadian System Status in Humans

The disruption of the circadian system in humans has been associated with the development of chronic illnesses and the worsening of pre-existing pathologies. Therefore, the assessment of human circadian system function under free living conditions using non-invasive techniques needs further research. Traditionally, overt rhythms such as activity and body temperature have been analyzed separately; however, a comprehensive index could reduce individual recording artifacts. Thus, a new variable (TAP), based on the integrated analysis of three simultaneous recordings: skin wrist temperature (T), motor activity (A) and body position (P) has been developed. Furthermore, we also tested the reliability of a single numerical index, the Circadian Function Index (CFI), to determine the circadian robustness. An actimeter and a temperature sensor were placed on the arm and wrist of the non-dominant hand, respectively, of 49 healthy young volunteers for a period of one week. T, A and P values were normalized for each subject. A non-parametric analysis was applied to both TAP and the separate variables to calculate their interdaily stability, intradaily variability and relative amplitude, and these values were then used for the CFI calculation. Modeling analyses were performed in order to determine TAP and CFI reliability. Each variable (T, A, P or TAP) was independently correlated with rest-activity logs kept by the volunteers. The highest correlation (r = −0.993, p<0.0001), along with highest specificity (0.870), sensitivity (0.740) and accuracy (0.904), were obtained when rest-activity records were compared to TAP. Furthermore, the CFI proved to be very sensitive to changes in circadian robustness. Our results demonstrate that the integrated TAP variable and the CFI calculation are powerful methods to assess circadian system status, improving sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in differentiating activity from rest over the analysis of wrist temperature, body position or activity alone

Usos del e-learning en las Universidades Andaluzas: Estado de la situación y análisis de buenas prácticas. (Versión completa)

Secretaría General de Universidades, Investigación y Tecnología P07-SE-J.0267

Interactions between Virtual Spaces and Schools: A Collective Case Study

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) play an important role in the current educational panorama. Their presence in educational centers has increased in the last decade due to the constant development of educational policies focused on their inclusion in the classroom. However, the integration of ICT in educational spaces and practices has still not reach the levels desired by international organizations such as the OECD and UNESCO. The aim of this study is to understand the nature of the interaction between virtual spaces and school spaces, and how this interaction a ects the development of students’ learning processes. To this end, we follow an interpretive research methodology using a collective case study with four students from Spain. The results highlight the scarce integration of ICT into educational centers and teaching practices. However, virtual spaces play an important role in the development of other learning processes, such as informed learning, informal learning, and learning outside of the school context. In this work, we also provide a brief overview of changes in the current educational situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic