19,126 research outputs found
An Intrinsic Approach to Forces in Magnetoelectric Media
This paper offers a conceptually straightforward method for the calculation
of stresses in polarisable media based on the notion of a drive form and its
property of being closed in spacetimes with symmetry. After an outline of the
notation required to exploit the powerful exterior calculus of differential
forms, a discussion of the relation between Killing isometries and conservation
laws for smooth and distributional drive forms is given. Instantaneous forces
on isolated spacetime domains and regions with interfaces are defined, based on
manifestly covariant equations of motion. The remaining sections apply these
notions to media that sustain electromagnetic stresses, with emphasis on
homogeneous magnetoelectric material. An explicit calculation of the average
pressure exerted by a monochromatic wave normally incident on a homogeneous,
magnetoelectric slab in vacuo is presented and the concluding section
summarizes how this pressure depends on the parameters in the magnetoelectric
tensors for the medium.Comment: 25 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Il Nuovo Cimento B, proceedings of
GCM8, Catania (Oct 2008) - References added, minor corrections mad
Six causes of the credit crunch
Bank lending typically moves with the business cycle. In Texas from 1987 to 1992, however, bank loans declined while nonagricultural employment rose. Robert T. Clair and Paula Tucker consider this evidence of a constrained supply of bank loans, or credit crunch. ; Clair and Tucker find that multiple factors have reduced banks' willingness and ability to supply loans. The resolution of failed banks and thrifts, tightening of bank examination standards, new capital requirements, new regulations and increased enforcement of old regulations, and increased exposure to lawsuits have each had an effect. Many of these regulatory changes where made to address important economic and social goals, but their side effects, often unintended and perhaps unavoidable, have been to reduce bank lending in the short run.Credit
Solutions for Neutral for Axi-Dilaton Gravity in 4-Dimensions
We examine a 1 parameter class of actions describing the gravitational
interaction between a pair of scalar fields and Einsteinian gravitation. When
the parameter is positive the theory corresponds to an axi-dilatonic sector of
low energy string theory. We exploit an SL(2,R) symmetry of the theory to
construct a family of electromagnetically neutral solutions with non-zero axion
and dilaton charge from solutions of the Brans-Dicke theory. We also comment on
solutions to the theory with negative coupling parameter.Comment: 7 pages Plain Tex (No Figures), Letter to Editor, Classical and
Quantum Gravit
Multiedge slitter for FCC
Tool cuts multiple slits up to 3 in. long between conductors of flat conductor cables up to 3 in. wide to prepare them for termination on terminal boards or in multipin connectors
Mobile radio alternative systems study. Volume 1: Traffic model
The markets for mobile radio services in non-urban areas of the United States are examined for the years 1985-2000. Three market categories are identified. New Services are defined as those for which there are different expressed ideas but which are not now met by any application of available technology. The complete fulfillment of the needs requires nationwide radio access to vehicles without knowledge of vehicle location, wideband data transmission from remote sites, one- and two way exchange of short data and control messages between vehicles and dispatch or control centers, and automatic vehicle location (surveillance). The commercial and public services market of interest to the study is drawn from existing users of mobile radio in non-urban areas who are dissatisfied with the geographical range or coverage of their systems. The mobile radio telephone market comprises potential users who require access to the public switched telephone network in areas that are not likely to be served by the traditional growth patterns of terrestrial mobile telephone services. Conservative, likely, and optimistic estimates of the markets are presented in terms of numbers of vehicles that will be served and the radio traffic they will generate
Fast autotuning of a hydrogen maser by cavity Q modulation
A new fast autotuner for the hydrogen maser was implemented. By modulating the cavity, a phase shift in the maser output signal is induced which is proportional to the cavity tuning error. The phase shift is detected and fed back to a varactor tuner to stabilize the cavity against long-term drifts. Also, a PIN-diode cavity modulator which gives no incidental frequency shift over a very wide range of operation was developed. Modulated at over 200 Hz, it allows variations in maser cavity frequency to be compensated with a loop gain greater than 1000. Compensation of incidental amplitude modulation of the output was demonstrated
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