What is wrong with the beard : Eisenstein’s Ivan the Terrible as an eccentric tragedy

Cet article traite de certaines particularités des décors, des maquillages et des éclairages d'Ivan le terrible (1945) d'Eisenstein, selon trois points de vue : celui des censeurs du Kremlin, celui que l'on peut déduire des notes de travail d'Eisenstein et celui du cinéaste américain Orson Welles (qui fut aussi, à ses heures, critique de cinéma). L'auteur tente ici de définir comment le public des années quarante pouvait percevoir la distinction généralement acceptée entre le « filmique » et le « pictural », et comment les théories paradoxales d'Eisenstein sur le cinéma et sur les arts lui ont permis de renverser pareille distinction.The article looks at some idiosyncrasies of Eisenstein's set design, make-up and lighting for Ivan the Terrible (1945) from three points of view : the first, through the eyes of its Kremlin censors; the second, through the lens of Eisenstein's working notes; the third, through the eyes of the American film director (and part-time film critic) Orson Welles. The author attempts to define what general audiences of the 1940s understood as "cinematic" and "pictorialist" and how Eisenstein's paradoxical film theory and theory of art allowed him to reverse this generally accepted division

Cinemetrics, a Digital Laboratory for Film Studies.

This proposal requests an NEH Level II Start-Up grant support for the innovation of Cinemetrics (http://www.cinemetrics.lv/index.php), an open-access, interactive website designed to supplement the traditional toolkit of film studies with a number of digital tools that enable researchers to collect, store, and process scholarly data about film editing. Any student of film interested in the way films are edited can use Cinemetrics tools to time a movie, submit the obtained time data, calculate and visualize data statistics, and comment on or make use of the data generated and collected by others. As it stands, Cinemetrics offers its users a client tool to measure a film, a database to store the measurements, graphs that help users to visualize the statistics, and a lab space that can be used to compare films. The NEH grant will enable the project team to innovate, augment, and enhance these tools. This will put Cinemetrics at the forefront of humanities cyberinfrastructure

Recent advances in focal therapy of prostate and kidney cancer

The concept of focal therapy in oncologic surgery refers to maximizing healthy tissue preservation while maintaining excellent cancer control outcomes. Herein, we address the recent advantages in the field of focal therapy for both kidney and prostate cancer, focusing on technological achievements and future perspectives

Safety and short term outcomes of a new truly minimally-invasive mesh-less and dissection-less anchoring system for pelvic organ prolapse apical repair

Objective To evaluate the safety and short term outcomes of a new, truly minimally-invasive, mesh-less and dissection-less anchoring system for pelvic floor apical repair. Methods A prospective study was conducted using the NeuGuide™ device system for pelvic floor apical repair. The primary effectiveness outcome was centro-apical pelvic floor prolapse by POP-Q after six months. The primary safety outcome was intra-operative, immediate (first 48 h) post-operative complications and adverse effects after six months. A standardized questionnaire (UDI-6) to assess quality of life at entry and during follow-up visits was used. Patients’ six months-follow-up and evaluation are reported. Results The mean age of the study population (n=10) was 63.8±12.0 years. All patients had a previous prolapse surgery. Five had a previous hysterectomy and two had stress urinary incontinence symptoms. During surgery six patients had a concurrent colporrhaphy. There was no injury to the bladder, rectum, pudendal nerves, or major pelvic vessels and no febrile morbidity was recorded. At six months, no cases of centro-apical recurrence were noted. Patients were satisfied with the procedure and had favorable quality of life scores. Using the UDI-6 questionnaire an improvement, in all domains was seen. Moreover, although the sample size was small, the improvement in urge and overflow incontinence related domains were demonstrated to be statistically significant. Conclusions This new NeuGuide™ device allows rapid and safe introduction of a suspending suture through the sacrospinous ligament and makes sacrospinous ligament fixation easy to perform, while avoiding dissection and mesh complications

Effect of Colic Vein Ligature in Rats with Loperamide-Induced Constipation

Introduction. Medical treatment in chronic constipation is not always successful. Surgery is indicated in unresponsive selected severe cases. This study presents the distal venous colic ligation in rat as a novel surgical approach. Materials and Methods. 16 rats (study group) were evaluated in 3 phases of 6 days each: A (normal conditions), B (loperamide-induced constipation), and C (colic vein legation) and compared with rats treated in phase C with PEG 4,000 (control group). Blood biochemical and physiological parameters, daily fecal water content (FWC), and histological analysis were performed in all study phases. Results. No biochemical and physiological parameters changes were observed. FWC decreased in phase B and increased in phase C in both groups with a grow up to 2.3-fold in study group compared to control (P < 0.0001). Moreover, in study group, a high number of colonic goblet cells were detected (phase C versus phase B: P < 0.001) while no differences were registered in control. Conclusion. By ligature of the colic vein in constipated rats, an increase in FWC and goblet cells higher than in PEG treated rats was detected. The described surgical procedure appeared effective, simple, and safe; further studies in animal models, however, are necessary to assess its clinical applicability