Cerebral tumor or pseudotumor?

AbstractPseudotumoral lesions are uncommon but important to identity lesions. They can occur during inflammatory diseases (systemic diseases, vasculitis, demyelinating diseases), infectious, and vascular diseases. Also, in a patient with a treated tumor, pseudo-progression and radionecrosis must be differentiated from the tumoral development. Diagnosis can be difficult on an MRI scan, but some MRI aspects in conventional sequences, diffusion, perfusion and spectroscopy can suggest the pseudotumoral origin of a lesion. Imaging must be interpreted according to the context, the clinic and the biology. The presence of associated intracranial lesions can orientate towards a systemic or infectious disease. A T2 hyposignal lesion suggests granulomatosis or histiocytosis, especially if a meningeal or hypothalamic–pituitary involvement is associated. Non-tumoral lesions are generally not hyperperfused. In the absence of a definitive diagnosis, the evolution of these lesions, whether under treatment or spontaneous, is fundamental

Obesity and male breast cancer: Provocative parallels?

While rare compared to female breast cancer the incidence of male breast cancer (MBC) has increased in the last few decades. Without comprehensive epidemiological studies, the explanation for the increased incidence of MBC can only be speculated. Nevertheless, one of the most worrying global public health issues is the exponential rise in the number of overweight and obese people, especially in the developed world. Although obesity is not considered an established risk factor for MBC, studies have shown increased incidence among obese individuals. With this observation in mind, this article highlights the correlation between the increased incidence of MBC and the current trends in obesity as a growing problem in the 21st century, including how this may impact treatment. With MBC becoming more prominent we put forward the notion that, not only is obesity a risk factor for MBC, but that increasing obesity trends are a contributing factor to its increased incidence

Phase II study of mTORC1 inhibition by everolimus in neurofibromatosis type 2 patients with growing vestibular schwannomas

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a genetic disorder with bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VS) as the most frequent manifestation. Merlin, the NF2 tumor suppressor, was identified as a negative regulator of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Pre-clinical data in mice showed that mTORC1 inhibition delayed growth of NF2-schwannomas. We conducted a prospective single-institution open-label phase II study to evaluate the effects of everolimus in ten NF2 patients with progressive VS. Drug activity was monitored every 3 months. Everolimus was administered orally for 12 months and, if the decrease in tumor volume was >20 % from baseline, treatment was continued for 12 additional months. Other patients stopped when completed 12 months of everolimus but were allowed to resume treatment when VS volume was >20 % during 1 year follow-up. Nine patients were evaluable. Safety was evaluated using CTCAE 3.0 criteria. After 12 months of everolimus, no reduction in volume ≥20 % was observed. Four patients had progressive disease, and five patients had stable disease with a median annual growth rate decreasing from 67 %/year before treatment to 0.5 %/year during treatment. In these patients, tumor growth resumed within 3-6 months after treatment discontinuation. Everolimus was then reintroduced and VS decreased by a median 6.8 % at 24 months. Time to tumor progression increased threefold from 4.2 months before treatment to > 12 months. Hearing was stable under treatment. The safety of everolimus was manageable. Although the primary endpoint was not reached, further studies are required to confirm the potential for stabilization of everolimus

Germination, emergence and resumption of growth of bacterial spores after a heat treatment

Le développement des bactéries sporulées dans les aliments peut être responsable d’intoxication alimentaire ou d’altérations des produits. Trois leviers ont été identifiés pour prévenir le développement de ce microbiote : les conditions de sporulation, l’intensité du traitement appliqué pour inactiver les spores et les conditions d’incubation. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif (i) de quantifier l’impact des conditions de sporulation, de traitement et d’incubation sur la capacité des spores à former des colonies, et (ii) de quantifier l’impact des conditions de sporulation, de traitement et d’incubation sur les cinétiques de germination et de reprise de croissance. Dans un premier temps, un modèle mathématique a été développé pour décrire et quantifier l’impact des conditions d’incubation sur la capacité des spores à former des colonies après un traitement thermique. Ce modèle intègre uniquement des paramètres physiologiques, les limites de croissance des souches étudiées. La germination et la reprise de croissance est un processus complexe au cours duquel les spores passent par plusieurs stades successifs : spores dormantes, spores germées et cellules végétatives. Afin de quantifier l’impact des conditions de sporulation, de traitement thermique et d’incubation sur chacun de ces stades, une méthode par cytométrie en flux a été développée. Elle a permis de suivre l’évolution de chaque stade au cours du temps et un modèle primaire a été proposé afin de décrire l’évolution de chacun de ces stades. A partir de ce modèle il a été possible de décrire l’impact des différentes conditions de sporulation, de traitement thermique et d’incubation sur cette évolution et un modèle secondaire a été développé pour quantifier l’impact de ces facteurs sur les cinétiques de germination et de reprise de croissance. Afin de corréler les différences de comportement avec la composition protéique des spores, une analyse protéomique a été réalisée sur des spores produites dans différentes conditions. Ces travaux permettent de mieux appréhender le comportement de germination et de reprise de croissance des spores bactériennes. De plus, les résultats apportés ainsi que les modèles mathématiques développés dans cette thèse pourront permettre de mieux contrôler le développement des bactéries sporulées en industrie agro-alimentaire, connaissant l’impact des conditions de stockage et de formulation des produits, comme la température et le pH, sur le comportement des spores.The development of spore forming bacteria in foods can be responsible for food poisoning or food spoilage. Three levers allowing the development of this microbiota were identified: the conditions of sporulation, the conditions of heat treatment and the conditions of incubation. This PhD work objectives were (i) to quantify the impact of sporulation conditions, heat treatment intensity and recovery conditions of the ability of spores to form colonies, and (ii) to quantify the impact of sporulation conditions, heat treatment intensity and recovery conditions on germination and outgrowth kinetics. Firstly, a mathematical model was developed to describe and quantify the impact of recovery conditions on the spore ability to form colonies a heat treatment. This model integrated only physiological parameters, the growth limits. The germination and outgrowth is a complex process made of successive physiological stages the spores pass through: the dormant spores, the germinated spores and the vegetative cells. A flow cytometry method was developed in order to quantify the impact of sporulation conditions, the heat treatment intensity and the incubation conditions on each physiological stage. This method allowed monitoring the evolution of each stage over time and a primary model was proposed to describe these evolutions. Thanks to this model, the impact of sporulation conditions, the heat treatment intensity and the incubation conditions were quantified and a secondary model was developed to quantify the impact of these factors on germination and outgrowth kinetics. In order to correlate the differences of behavior with the proteome of spores, proteomic analysis were performed on spores produced in different conditions. This work allows a better comprehension of germination and outgrowth behavior. Moreover, the results and the mathematical models provided by this work can be applied in food industry to improve the control of spores forming bacteria development knowing the impact of storage conditions and the product formulation, like temperature and pH, on spore behavior

Germination et reprise de croissance de spores bactériennes après un traitement thermique

The development of spore forming bacteria in foods can be responsible for food poisoning or food spoilage. Three levers allowing the development of this microbiota were identified: the conditions of sporulation, the conditions of heat treatment and the conditions of incubation. This PhD work objectives were (i) to quantify the impact of sporulation conditions, heat treatment intensity and recovery conditions of the ability of spores to form colonies, and (ii) to quantify the impact of sporulation conditions, heat treatment intensity and recovery conditions on germination and outgrowth kinetics. Firstly, a mathematical model was developed to describe and quantify the impact of recovery conditions on the spore ability to form colonies a heat treatment. This model integrated only physiological parameters, the growth limits. The germination and outgrowth is a complex process made of successive physiological stages the spores pass through: the dormant spores, the germinated spores and the vegetative cells. A flow cytometry method was developed in order to quantify the impact of sporulation conditions, the heat treatment intensity and the incubation conditions on each physiological stage. This method allowed monitoring the evolution of each stage over time and a primary model was proposed to describe these evolutions. Thanks to this model, the impact of sporulation conditions, the heat treatment intensity and the incubation conditions were quantified and a secondary model was developed to quantify the impact of these factors on germination and outgrowth kinetics. In order to correlate the differences of behavior with the proteome of spores, proteomic analysis were performed on spores produced in different conditions. This work allows a better comprehension of germination and outgrowth behavior. Moreover, the results and the mathematical models provided by this work can be applied in food industry to improve the control of spores forming bacteria development knowing the impact of storage conditions and the product formulation, like temperature and pH, on spore behavior.Le développement des bactéries sporulées dans les aliments peut être responsable d’intoxication alimentaire ou d’altérations des produits. Trois leviers ont été identifiés pour prévenir le développement de ce microbiote : les conditions de sporulation, l’intensité du traitement appliqué pour inactiver les spores et les conditions d’incubation. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif (i) de quantifier l’impact des conditions de sporulation, de traitement et d’incubation sur la capacité des spores à former des colonies, et (ii) de quantifier l’impact des conditions de sporulation, de traitement et d’incubation sur les cinétiques de germination et de reprise de croissance. Dans un premier temps, un modèle mathématique a été développé pour décrire et quantifier l’impact des conditions d’incubation sur la capacité des spores à former des colonies après un traitement thermique. Ce modèle intègre uniquement des paramètres physiologiques, les limites de croissance des souches étudiées. La germination et la reprise de croissance est un processus complexe au cours duquel les spores passent par plusieurs stades successifs : spores dormantes, spores germées et cellules végétatives. Afin de quantifier l’impact des conditions de sporulation, de traitement thermique et d’incubation sur chacun de ces stades, une méthode par cytométrie en flux a été développée. Elle a permis de suivre l’évolution de chaque stade au cours du temps et un modèle primaire a été proposé afin de décrire l’évolution de chacun de ces stades. A partir de ce modèle il a été possible de décrire l’impact des différentes conditions de sporulation, de traitement thermique et d’incubation sur cette évolution et un modèle secondaire a été développé pour quantifier l’impact de ces facteurs sur les cinétiques de germination et de reprise de croissance. Afin de corréler les différences de comportement avec la composition protéique des spores, une analyse protéomique a été réalisée sur des spores produites dans différentes conditions. Ces travaux permettent de mieux appréhender le comportement de germination et de reprise de croissance des spores bactériennes. De plus, les résultats apportés ainsi que les modèles mathématiques développés dans cette thèse pourront permettre de mieux contrôler le développement des bactéries sporulées en industrie agro-alimentaire, connaissant l’impact des conditions de stockage et de formulation des produits, comme la température et le pH, sur le comportement des spores

Neuropathie optique dysthyroïdienne : facteurs prédictifs en imagerie

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF