Liebe Schwester \u27Dear Sister\u27: Luise Rinser\u27s Unique Relationship with Her Readers

The life of German author Luise Rinser (1911-2002) spanned almost an entire century. During this time, she witnessed and chronicled two world wars as well as many political and cultural changes in her novels, short stories, essays, and biographical writings. Rinser is a problematic figure as she has retrospectively cleansed and embellished her life story when writing her autobiographical texts. However, the focus of this article is Rinser’s unique relationship to her readers in her autobiographical writing. I argue readers perceived their relationship with the author as a friendship and, even if Rinser did not return that friendship directly, there is a reciprocity between this author and her readers that is rare in the literary world

Verantwortung durch Erinnerung: Luise Rinsers autobiographisches Schreiben als Medium für die Nähe zu den Lesern

This dissertation (,,Responsibility through Memory: Luise Rinser's Autobiographical Writing as a Medium for Connecting with Readers") examines how Luise Rinser used her autobiographical work to communicate with her readers and to inform and educate them. Analyzing the autobiographies and diaries as a form to connect with the readers provides new insights into Rinser's autobiographical works. Rinser demonstrated with these autobiographical works that she had the goal to inform, educate, and maybe even manipulate her readers through a very personal medium. She also acquired the role of a contemporary witness, especially as a credible contemporary witness. This brought to light Rinser's position as a Christian and Socialist, an apparent contradiction which Rinser, however, united within herself her entire life. In view of Rinser's focus on a personal genre, such as the diary and the autobiography, and her strong connection with the audience, such an analysis is long overdue. The study focuses on Rinser's autobiographical works between 1946 and 1997, encompassing nine diaries and two parts of an autobiography (1981 and 1994). The dissertation shows how Rinser informs her readers regarding different topics and which methods she uses to reach her goal. An initial analysis of Rinser's first diary Gefängnistagebuch (1946) sheds light on the author's writing process and the meaning of writing for her as well as its role as a model for the later diaries (1970 until 1997). The following chapter demonstrates how Rinser uses her autobiographical work to educate and inform her readers about certain topics. Given Rinser's position as a Socialist and a Christian, this study focuses on a selection of political topics as well as topics related to religion, Catholicism, and faith. Subsequently this dissertation shows how Rinser influenced her readers' perception of current events and situations by making these more personal and showing them from a different angle than the media. The readers' connection with the author is shown in the following chapter. By analyzing letters from readers to Rinser it becomes clear that she did influence them and that, in fact, communication from both sides took place and is represented in Rinser's correspondence with her readers. Finally, the analysis reveals Rinser's way of telling her own truth. This often did not match the factual truth, and caused her to be strongly criticized. This dissertation demonstrates that Rinser was closely connected to her readers, and how the writing initially helped her, while it later became helpful to readers in mastering problems they faced. It also sheds light on how Rinser's way of writing autobiographies and diaries results in an approximation of the two genres to each other, which means the way she wrote diaries is closer to the way of composing an autobiography than it is to the usual way of writing diaries. Furthermore, the study shows how Rinser used the autobiographical genre to educate and inform her readers. It becomes apparent that Rinser's plan to educate her readers is successful, while her second goal, to communicate truth, succeeds only partially. The contribution of this dissertation to Rinser research is important, because this is the first time that the letters from the readers were considered and analyzed. Additionally, the role of her autobiographical work has not been looked at in this manner before

Grundlagenwissen Logos : klassische Logoregeln auf dem Prüfstand

Die hier vorliegende Bachelorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Logogestaltung und einhergehend mit der gesamten Corporate Identity, die einer Institution eine Einzigartigkeit verleiht. Um den Stellenwert der Logos in unserer Gesellschaft einschätzen zu können, werden Geschichte und Wirkung der wichtigsten Symbole der westlichen Welt vorgestellt. Anschließend werden die Regeln der Logogestaltung aufgezeigt und untersucht, inwieweit sie an Gültigkeit eingebüßt haben

Real-time queue estimator for signalised intersections - based on detector data

With the real-time queue estimator (EQ) it is possible to easily estimate a queue length at a traffic light (TL) in real time. The queue length could be estimated very precisely up to the most distant sensor with the aid of real-time information about TL sensors (e.g. induction loops, infrared detectors) and TL signal state. The queue length information can be used to calculate a leading time (green) required to reduce the queue length for e.g. approaching public transport or emergency vehicles. This in turn enables precise intervention in the TL control to give priority to vehicles while at the same time minimising the disruption this causes to the general traffic flow. Using the queue length for a GLOSA (Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory) service is another interesting possible area of application, as this additional information can be used to improve the GLOSA advice. The EQ can also be used to determine the number of vehicles in a road section. The EQ contains a simple traffic model based on a cellular automaton. In these automate, the movements of the vehicles (approaching the junction) are simulated. The vehicles are then either removed (if green light) or added to a virtual queue (if red light or the queue has not yet been removed). The concept of EQ is developed in python code and prototypically tested with Traffic Control Interface in conjunction with a SUMO-simulation. SUMO served as a source of input data for the detector data and signal state and offers the possibility of validation through the SUMO-GUI. It is possible to map all different infrastructure conditions, such as lane widening or lane addition or subtraction and the different availability as well as position of detectors and whether a traffic light status is available plus such as different traffic demands. False detections (no detection or double detection) of vehicles could also be caused in the SUMO-simulation and thus mechanisms could be implemented and tested to correct/intercept these. In a next step, this approach will also be tested at a real intersection with real input data

Wegweiser für Ansiedler im Territorium Kansas Selections: Guide for Settlers in Kansas Territory

This is the published version, made available with permission of the editor

MAVEN Deliverable 7.2: Impact Assessment - Technical Report

This deliverable focuses on an important topic within the MAVEN project - evaluation of the project impact. This is an important step that will allow us to say what the results and impact of the different technologies, functionalities as well as assumptions are. It covers different dimensions of the impact assessment as stated in the Deliverable D7.1 - Impact assessment plan [10]. The field tests proved that the technology in the vehicle works together with the infrastructure and the solution is technically feasible. This was demonstrated also during particular events and is reported in the attached test protocols. At the same time, the emulation and simulation in Dominion software proved the functionality, for example with respect to the cooperative perception or safety indicators. The tests also proved that the key performance indicator "minimum time to the collision" decreases when applying the cooperative sensing. Also, the number of human interventions needed was zero in all the tests. This deliverable also discussed selected results of a detailed user survey aiming at understanding the expected impacts and transition of automated vehicles. The overall number of respondents reached 209. The responses have revealed some interesting facts. For example, over 80% of the respondents believe that CAVs will decrease the number of traffic accidents. Similarly, about 70% of the respondents expect improvements in traffic congestions. Over 82% of respondents declared that they would accept some detour when driving if it helps the overall traffic situation. The literature review, however, indicated that autonomous vehicles will have either a positive or a negative effect on the environment, depending on the policies. For example, opening cars as a mode of transport to new user groups (seniors, children etc.) together with improvements of the traffic, flow parameters can increase the traffic volume on roads. Policy makers shall focus on the integration of the CAVs into a broader policy concept including car or ride-sharing, electromobility and others. In order to evaluate the transition, for example, the influence of different penetration rates of CAVs on the performance, a microscopic traffic simulation was performed. Here the particular MAVEN use cases, as well as their combination, was addressed. The results of the simulation are rather promising. The potential for improvements in traffic performance is clearly there. It was demonstrated that a proper integration of CAVs into city traffic management can, for example, help with respect to the environmental goals (Climate Action of the European Commission) and reduce CO2 emissions by up to 12 % (a combination of GLOSA and signal optimization). On corridors with a green wave, a capacity increase of up to 34% was achieved. The conclusions from this project can be used not only by other researchers but mainly by traffic managers and decision-makers in cities. The findings can get a better idea about the real impacts of particular use cases (such as green wave, GLOSA and others) in the cities. An important added value is also the focus on the transition phase. It was demonstrated that already for lower penetration rates (even 20% penetration of automated vehicles), there are significant improvements in traffic performance. For example, the platooning leads to a decrease of CO2 emissions of 2,6% or the impact indicator by 17,7%

Efficient Intersection Management Based on an Adaptive Fuzzy-Logic Traffic Signal

Traffic signals may generate bottlenecks due to an unfair timing balance. Facing this problem, adaptive traffic signal controllers have been proposed to compute the phase durations according to conditions monitored from on-road sensors. However, high hardware requirements, as well as complex setups, make the majority of these approaches infeasible for most cities. This paper proposes an adaptive traffic signal fuzzy-logic controller which uses the flow rate, retrieved from simple traffic counters, as a unique input requirement. The controller dynamically computes the cycle duration according to the arrival flow rates, executing a fuzzy inference system guided by the reasoning: the higher the traffic flow, the longer the cycle length. The computed cycle is split into different phases proportionally to the arrival flow rates according to Webster’s method for signalization. Consequently, the controller only requires determining minimum/maximum flow rates and cycle lengths to establish if–then mappings, allowing the reduction of technical requirements and computational overhead. The controller was tested through a microsimulation model of a real isolated intersection, which was calibrated with data collected from a six-month traffic study. Results revealed that the proposed controller with fewer input requirements and lower computational costs has a competitive performance compared to the best and most used approaches, being a feasible solution for many cities

LiSuM: Design and Development of a Middleware to couple Virtual LISA+ TLS Controller and SUMO Simulation

Traffic signal control logic programs are analyzed and tested in traffic fow simulators before being put into operation in real traffic road intersections. LISA+ is a proprietary software tool used to plan and evaluate complex intersections and the control logic programs created with it can be directly uploaded to real controllers or tested with VISSIM, a proprietary microscopic 3D traffic simulator. On the other hand, Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) is a free and open traffic simulation toolsuite that facilitates simulation of traffic and the evaluation of infrastructure changes as well as policy changes before implementing them on the road. As mentioned above, LISA+ control logic programs can be currently tested only with proprietary software and a free and open alternative, like SUMO, is desirable. To close this gap this paper presents the design and development of a Middleware called LiSuM that enables the communication and interaction between the virtual LISA+ traffic light signal (TLS) controller and SUMO. Furthermore LiSuM provides also a friendly graphical user interface (GUI), which allows managing all aspects related to the interaction between LISA+ and SUMO. The main features of the LiSuM Middleware as well as the provided interfaces are also described. The usage of LiSuM is demonstrated for a single intersection simulated with SUMO and controlled by LISA+