Additional file 1 of Trajectories of negative and positive experiences of caregiving for older adults with severe dementia: application of group-based multi-trajectory modelling

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Summary of model fit indices. Supplementary Table 2. Characteristics of bereaved caregivers, n=76

Minimal difference between aerobic and progressive resistance exercise on metabolic profile and fitness in older adults with diabetes mellitus: a randomised trial

Comparison between aerobic and progressive resistance exercise on metabolic profile and fitness in older adults with diabetes mellitus: a randomised trial</p

Time trends in management of HIV-positive pregnant women in Northern Tanzania: A registry-based study - Fig 1

<p>Percentage of deliveries with known maternal HIV status (left panel). Percentage of deliveries with HIV-positive mother. Denominators are deliveries with known maternal HIV status (right panel).</p

Percentage and adjusted relative risk (ARR) of selected indicators of pregnancy care by maternal sociodemographic characteristics.

<p>Northern Tanzania (time period 4).</p

Antenatal factors and delivery characteristics among HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women in Northern Tanzania by time period₁.

<p>Forest plot shows relative risks in each time period, HIV-positive women compared with HIV-negative women. (Adjusted for maternal age, marital status, parity, current residence and education level.) P-values in plot are for trends in ARR. ₁ Time periods: 2000–2003: Pilot phase before national PMTCT guidelines; 2004–2006: WHO 2004 guidelines; 2007–2011: Revised WHO 2004 guidelines; 2012–2014: WHO Option A guidelines. ₂ Missing observations: Referred for delivery (3.8%), anemia (38.7%). Other variables <2% missing observations.</p

Characteristics of pregnant women in Northern Tanzania by HIV status and time period.

<p>Characteristics of pregnant women in Northern Tanzania by HIV status and time period.</p

Elizabeth Gaskell and the short story: an introduction

Elizabeth Gaskell was the author of over forty short stories. Despite the resurgence in Gaskell criticism over the past three decades, these stories have only recently begun to receive the attention they deserve. Following an account of how the Victorian short story has been re-evaluated by literary critics, this introductory survey illuminates Gaskell’s key contributions to the development of the genre. Our discussion is structured around several areas of critical investigation that have been at the forefront of Gaskell studies over the past few years. These include: the position of Victorian short fiction in relation to predominant accounts of the form’s development; Gaskell’s engagement with the periodical press and the Victorian literary marketplace; her response to the connection between short stories and the Christmas season; and her deployment of supernatural and sensational tropes. The image that emerges is that of a professional woman of letters who used shorter fiction as a space to experiment with new narrative methods, unusual characterisation and contentious themes. Concluding with some reflections on the two-part review in All the Year Round, newly attributed to Gaskell in July 2015, we suggest how Gaskell’s engagement with the ‘ungodly spinnings’ of French ballad and narrative tradition might have helped shape her own practice as a master of the form

Severity and duration of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) before seeking care as predictors of healing time: A retrospective cohort study

<div><p>Objectives</p><p>To investigate whether A) duration of ulcer before start of treatment in specialist health care, and B) severity of ulcer according to University of Texas classification system (UT) at start of treatment (baseline), are independent predictors of healing time.</p><p>Methods</p><p>This retrospective cohort study, based on electronic medical record data, included 105 patients from two outpatient clinics in Western Norway with a new diabetic foot ulcer during 2009–2011. The associations of duration of ulcer and ulcer severity with healing time were assessed using cumulative incidence curves and subdistribution hazard ratio estimated using competing risk regression with adjustment for potential confounders.</p><p>Results</p><p>Of the 105 participants, 45.7% achieved ulcer healing, 36.2% underwent amputations, 9.5% died before ulcer healing and 8.5% were lost to follow-up. Patients who were referred to specialist health care by a general practitioner ≥ 52 days after ulcer onset had a 58% (SHR 0.42, CI 0.18–0.98) decreased healing rate compared to patients who were referred earlier, in the adjusted model. High severity (grade 2/3, stage C/D) according to the UT classification system was associated with a decreased healing rate compared to low severity (grade1, stage A/B or grade 2, stage A) with SHR (95% CI) equal to 0.14 (0.05–0.43) after adjustment for referral time and other potential confounders.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Early detection and referral by both the patient and general practitioner are crucial for optimal foot ulcer healing. Ulcer grade and severity are also important predictors for healing time, and early screening to assess the severity and initiation of prompt treatment is important.</p></div

Flow chart.

<p>Inclusion and exclusion procedures in the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK), and study samples included in the various analyses.</p

Flowchart: Study population.

<p>Flowchart: Study population.</p