Vaccine hesitancy among Ukrainian refugees

Background On February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine so several refugees went to Poland, Romania, Russia, but also to Italy. Several factors contributed to low vaccination coverage in Ukraine and the occurrence of epidemic outbreaks. The purpose of our study was to analyze the main characteristics of refugees who accessed the Rozzano Vaccination Center (Italy), and the attitude towards proposed vaccinations. Methods In March-July 2022, we conducted a cross sectional study on Ukrainian refugees under the age of 18. On the basis of their vaccination certificates or antibody dosages, the doctor proposed to the parents (or legal guardians) any vaccinations to be carried out on the basis of the Italian Vaccinal Calendar. Refused or accepted vaccinations were registered and the data exported for statistical analysis. COVID-19 vaccination was excluded from our analysis. Results 27 refugees missed the appointment, so 79 Ukrainian refugees have been included in the study. Females represented the 51.90% of patients; the average age was 7.11 (sd 4.92) years. The most refused vaccinations were: HPV, MMR and men C. Significant differences due to age were found for Men C and Chickenpox. Conclusions The efforts made to ensure complete care and promote vaccination among refugees, offering them a complete evaluation of the vaccination status and the possibility of being vaccinated for free, seem to be insufficient to convince most refugees to get vaccinated

Syringa vulgaris is a new host for Cucumber mosaic virus

Virus-like symptoms consisting of light mosaic, chlorotic spots and oak chlorotic line patterns were observed on lilac plants (Syringa vulgaris L.) growing in a public garden in Imola (Emilia Romagna region, Italy). The causal agent was identified as cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) on the basis of biological, serological and nucleotide sequence properties of partial coat protein and movement protein genes, and the isolate was designated SYV. The CMV-SYV isolate caused mosaic symptoms on indicator plants of Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc, N. rustica and Cucumis sativus, while symptoms of local necrotic spots or pin points were observed on inoculated leaves of Vigna unguiculata and Vicia faba. To assess genetic differences between CMV-SYV and other known CMV isolates, phylogenetic analyses were carried out using 16 nucleotide sequences of coat protein and movement protein genes, including for SYV. The CMV-SYV isolate was most related to CMV subgroup IA isolates, and had 85.1-100% nucleotide sequence similarity to subgroup I isolates. This is the first report of CMV infecting S. vulgaris

Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus Found Associated with Eggplant Yellowing Disease in Italy

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV), a bipartite begomovirus (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae), was originally described in tomato in India in 1995 (Padidam et al. 1995). The virus apparently remained confined to the Asian continent for about 20 years and has only recently been discovered in Europe. In Italy, ToLCNDV was detected for the first time in 2015 in zucchini squash in Sicily (Panno et al. 2016) and later on in other regions of continental Italy (Panno et al. 2019). Recently, epiphytotics of ToLCNDV were reported in central and south Italy, associated with yellowing and leaf curling symptoms in pepper crops (Luigi et al. 2019). In 2016, a large-scale survey was conducted to assess the distribution and the genetic diversity of the viral isolates spreading in Italy. Samples collected at that time included cucurbits and solanaceous plants, including five leaf samples from five distinct eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) plants of cultivar Violetta di Napoli that showed yellowing and light curling of the apical leaves and noticed in a cultivation located in Campania region (Castel Volturno municipality). A few Bemisia tabaci individuals were noticed associated to the cultivation. All five leaf samples tested positive for ToLCNDV with ImmunoStrip (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). These results were confirmed by PCR using ToLCNDV-specific primers TLCNDVCP1/TLCNDVCP2 (Parrella et al. 2018) on the total DNA extracted from each sample using an E.Z.N.A. Plant DNA kit (Omega Bio-tek, Norcross, GA). Amplicons of the expected size (∼1.0 kb) were obtained only from the five symptomatic plants, and the nucleotide sequences of these isolates were identical. One representative sample (Som-166/16) was selected for full-length amplification of the genome (DNA-A and DNA-B-like sequences) using the rolling circle amplification (RCA) method with an Illustra TempliPhi amplification kit (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ), in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. RCA products were digested with different restriction endonucleases to obtain a 2.8-kb linear DNA fragment. Among the different enzymes tested, BamHI resulted in a maximum DNA fragment length of 2.8 kb, which was cloned into a BamHI-linearized pUC19 plasmid. The ligated products were transformed into a competent DH5α strain of Escherichia coli, and the positive clones were sequenced in both orientations at Microsynth Seqlab (Gottingen, Germany). The obtained full-length DNA-A (2,738 nt; GenBank MN782303) and DNA-B (2,686 nt; GenBank MN782304) sequences showed the highest percentage of nucleotide identity with the ToLCNDV Italian isolates Caa-164/16 (GenBank MK732932) for the DNA-A (99.82%) and Cum-45/16 (GenBank MF688671) for the DNA-B (99.48%). Eggplant leaf yellowing caused by a ToLCNDV variant has been previously described in India (HQ264185 for DNA-A and HQ264186 for DNA-B) (Pratap et al. 2011), but the Italian and the Indian isolates exhibited only 90.20 and 79.00% nucleotide identity with respect to the nucleotide sequences of DNA-A and DNA-B. The Som-166/16 isolate was very similar at the molecular level to previously reported isolates from Mediterranean countries and belonged to the European strain ToLCNDV-ES, because the percentage of nucleotide identity was 98.83% for DNA-A with the ToLCNDV-ES strain A-MU.13.ME/4.3 (GenBank MH577751) and 97.88% for DNA-B with the ToLCNDV-ES strain B-AL.15.ZU/2.1 (GenBank MH577658) (Moriones et al. 2017; Panno et al. 2019). The ToLCNDV-ES strain evolved from ToLCNDV isolates of Asian origin and adapted to infect cucurbits (Moriones et al. 2017). Nevertheless, this report presents further evidence, in addition to a previous report (Luigi et al. 2019), that ToLCNDV-ES isolates can potentially pose a threat not only to cucurbits but also to solanaceous crops as well, because this is the first finding of ToLCNDV in eggplant in Italy. Control measures against ToLCNDV are limited and mainly based on vector control, cultivation in protected environments, and the prompt elimination of infected materials

Facial scanning technologies in the era of digital workflow: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

PURPOSE The aim of this network meta-analysis is to evaluate the accuracy of various face-scanning technologies in the market, with respect to the different dimensions of space (x, y, and z axes). Furthermore, attention will be paid to the type of technologies currently used and to the best practices for high-quality scan acquisition. MATERIAL AND METHODS The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and its updates. A thorough search was performed using the digital databases MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials by entering research lines or various combinations of free words. The main keywords used during the search process were "photogrammetry", "laser scanner", "optical scanner", "3D, and "face". RESULTS None of the included technologies significantly deviated from direct anthropometry. The obtained mean differences in the distances between the considered landmarks range from 1.10 to -1.74 mm. CONCLUSION Limiting the movements of the patient and scanner allows for more accurate facial scans with all the technologies involved. Active technologies such as laser scanners (LS), structured light (SL), and infrared structured light (ISL) have accuracy comparable to that of static stereophotogrammetry while being more cost-effective and less time-consuming

Complete Molecular Response due to nilotinib as III line treatment in a patient with CML and F317L point mutation of the Bcr-Abl kinase domain

In 1997, a forty-three years old woman was diagnosed with CML and treated with alfa-Interferon, achieving complete haematological response (CHR). Three years later, patient was switched to hydroxiurea due to thyroid toxicity. For logistic reasons, therapy with imatinib 400 mg/die was initiated only in 2003, obtaining complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and suboptimal molecular response in twelve months. CCyR and CHR were then lost three years later. Doubling imatinib dose to 800 mg/die gave no positive results. Mutational analysis performed in September 2007 showed F317L point mutation of the Bcr-Abl kinase domain. In October 2007 dasatinib was started and in April 2008 CCyR was reached with suboptimal molecular response. In March 2009 Bcr-Abl transcript progressively increased, and in August 2009 cytogenetic analysis showed loss of CCyR. Therapy with nilotinib 800 mg/die was started, and in October 2009 the patient obtained complete molecular response (CMR). Bcr-Abl kinase-domain point mutations, acquired during first line therapy, are a common cause of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. While several Bcr-Abl mutations have been identified, involvement of codon 317 has been reported in the literature following treatment with imatinib and dasatinib

Oral manifestations in chronic uremia patients

The incidence of chronic renal failure (CRF) is approximately 200 cases per million people in different Western countries. Recent data indicate that the incidences of these pathologies are increasing. Ninety percent of patients with CRF report oral signs and symptoms that affect both the bone and soft tissues. A broad range of lesions may be observed in chronic uratemia patients, including the following: gingival hyperplasia, enamel hypoplasia, petechiae, gingival bleeding, and others lesions. These patients require various types of treatment ranging from dietary and lifestyle changes to dialysis and kidney transplantation. CRF often leads to multiple oral manifestations that are difficult for dentists to manage. The present study examined the characteristics of this disease, the existing therapeutic options and the relevant considerations for dental professionals

Intraoperative complications and early implant failure after transcrestal sinus floor elevation with residual bone height ≤5 mm: A retrospective multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE Clinical indications for maxillary sinus floor elevation with transcrestal techniques have increased in recent years even in sites with minimal residual bone height (RBH). Nevertheless, limited information is currently available on incidence of intraoperative complications and early implant failure in these cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective multicenter study was performed on anonymized clinical and radiographic records of patients who underwent transcrestal sinus floor elevation in seven clinical centers. Influence of different factors related to patient, and sinus anatomy and surgical technique on the incidence of intraoperative complications and early implant failure rate after transcrestal sinus lift were investigated. RESULTS A total of 430 patients treated with transcrestal sinus floor elevation for single-implant insertion in sites with RBH ≤5 mm were included in the final analysis. After 1 year of loading, 418 implants of 430 were satisfactorily in function. Early implant failure was recorded in 12 cases (2.8%); results were significantly associated with the presence of large sinus cavities and with the occurrence of membrane perforation. The following adverse events were recorded: membrane perforation (7.2%), acute sinusitis (0.9%), implant displacement into the sinus cavity (0.7%), oro-antral fistula (0.2%), and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (0.5% of osteotome cases). A strong direct correlation between sinus membrane perforation and bucco-palatal sinus width (p = .000) was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Early implant failure after transcrestal sinus elevation showed significant direct correlation with bucco-palatal maxillary sinus width and the presence of membrane perforation. Sinus membrane perforation was strongly associated with bucco-palatal sinus width (extremely low perforation rate in narrow and much higher incidence in wide sinuses)