Projektiranje upravljanja mehatroničkog sustava zasnovano na dinamičkom oponašanju mehaničkog tereta

The paper presents and analyses rapid prototyping methods for the dynamic emulation of mechanical loads. Approaches can be applied in design, testing and validation of the mechatronic systems propelled by electric drives. Actual system (prototype) is replaced by the torque controlled electromechanical load, for which the required torque is calculated through the closed-loop control algorithm. The active load is connected mechanically to the drive shaft, using the clutch. Also possible applications in the control design for variable speed and torque drives are described. For the illustration of the method emulation of the pump mechanism is given.U članku se opisuje i analizira brza metoda dinamičkog oponašanja mehaničkog tereta. Pristup se može primijeniti za projektiranje, testiranje i provjeru valjanosti mehatroničkog sustava upravljanog elektromotornim pogonom, te posebno za prototipna ispitivanja. Aktualni sustav (prototip) je zamijenjen elektromehaničkim teretom, koji je upravljan momentom. Potrebni moment se računa iz zatvorene regulacijske petlje. Aktivni teret je spojkom mehanički povezan s pogonskom osovinom. Prikazane su također moguće primjene u projektiranju sustava promjenjive brzine i momenta. Za ilustraciju metode oponašanja tereta prikazan je pumpni mehanizam

Projektiranje upravljanja mehatroničkog sustava zasnovano na dinamičkom oponašanju mehaničkog tereta

The paper presents and analyses rapid prototyping methods for the dynamic emulation of mechanical loads. Approaches can be applied in design, testing and validation of the mechatronic systems propelled by electric drives. Actual system (prototype) is replaced by the torque controlled electromechanical load, for which the required torque is calculated through the closed-loop control algorithm. The active load is connected mechanically to the drive shaft, using the clutch. Also possible applications in the control design for variable speed and torque drives are described. For the illustration of the method emulation of the pump mechanism is given.U članku se opisuje i analizira brza metoda dinamičkog oponašanja mehaničkog tereta. Pristup se može primijeniti za projektiranje, testiranje i provjeru valjanosti mehatroničkog sustava upravljanog elektromotornim pogonom, te posebno za prototipna ispitivanja. Aktualni sustav (prototip) je zamijenjen elektromehaničkim teretom, koji je upravljan momentom. Potrebni moment se računa iz zatvorene regulacijske petlje. Aktivni teret je spojkom mehanički povezan s pogonskom osovinom. Prikazane su također moguće primjene u projektiranju sustava promjenjive brzine i momenta. Za ilustraciju metode oponašanja tereta prikazan je pumpni mehanizam

Magnetic Fluids’ Heating Power Exposed to a High-Frequency Rotating Magnetic Field

Magnetic fluids are superparamagnetic materials that have recently been the subject of extensive research because of their unique properties. Among them is the heating effect when exposed to an alternating magnetic field, wherein the objective is to use this property in medicine as an alternative method for the treatment of tumors in the body. The heating effect characterization for the alternating magnetic field (AMF) has been studied widely, whilst for the rotational magnetic field (RMF), no systematic study has been done yet. In this article, we present the characterization of the heating power of magnetic fluids in a high-frequency rotational magnetic field. The results show similar behavior of heating power or specific absorption rate characteristics as in AMF

The skill of observation of grassland flowering plants in preschool children

Observation is one of the basic natural science procedures in the preschool period. Natural objects provide numerous sensory stimulations, affecting a child’s development of observation skills due to their diversity and variety of shapes, colours, sensory stimuli and scents. In my final thesis, I studied the following question: How do the 5 to 6-year-old children observe natural objects. I was studying it on the example of observing blossoming plants. I was finding out what were the variables that children recognized as important in the process of observing and distinguishing among similar natural objects. Moreover, I was studying if the difference between the two genders existed while observing the plants. There were 61 children included in the study, 33 boys and 28 girls, aged 5 to 6 from Nursery School Trnovo in Ljubljana. Every child was tested individually and was given a task to find a pair to the given 9 test plants, among 31 plants altogether. I marked the answers with points. The results were quantitatively and qualitatively processed and presented in the form of graphs and tables. After the research, I provided activities for children which enabled them to improve their observation skills while observing blossoming plants. The results showed that 5 to 6 year-old children were good observers of blossoming plants, namely the majority of children found the correct pairs. While observing, children noticed some characteristics of plants more important and some characteristics less important. The analysis of the incorrectly chosen plants showed that the colour is the variable that was mostly focused on while observing. The results of the research also show that there exists the difference in gender while observing blossoming plants by preschool children. Namely, girls were observing more carefully than boys. The results of various researches show that observation skills develop with age and they can be improved with practice. That is why nursery school teachers should offer children plenty possibilities to observe objects that improve observation skill already in the preschool period. Blossoming plants are certainly among that objects

SHOTCRETE AND ITS USE

Brizgani beton je tisti beton katerega transportiramo po tlačnih ceveh do mesta vgraditve in ga vgradimo z brizganjem. Pri tem načinu vgrajevanja betona, nanašamo beton s pomočjo stisnjenega zraka. Brizganemu betonu lahko dodamo tudi vlakna, da izboljšamo njegove lastnosti. Ideja, da v mešanico svežega betona ali malte primešamo vlakna anorganskega ali organskega izvora, se je porodila ob želji, da bi se v betonu izboljšale njegove lastnosti kot so: upogibna trdnost, žilavost in odpornost na utrujanje. S tem dosežemo zmanjšanje razpokanosti strukture. Danes za mikroarmiranje uporabljamo vlakna, ki so obstojna v alkalni cementni osnovi in bistveno izboljšajo lastnosti tako nastalega kompozitnega materiala.Shotcrete is concrete, which is transported under pressure through pipes, do the place where is built in with shoting. Shotcrete is build in with the help of compressed air. To the concrete mixture we can also add some fibres to enhance its properties. An idea, to mix fresh concrete with organic or anorganic fibres, come of wish that properties such as: bending stiffness, stamina and resistance on fatique would improve. With that we can achieve reduction of cracks in the structure. Nowadays we use for microreinforced concrete fibres that are persistent in alkaline cement base, that essentially improve properties of so made composite material

Business environment analysis of company in food - processing industry

Globalizacija v svetu povzroča neprestane spremembe, ki vplivajo na življenje ljudi in tudi na poslovanje podjetij. Podjetja se jim iz dneva v dan poskušajo prilagajati, saj lahko le tako nemoteno poslujejo, so konkurenčna in izkoriščajo svoje prednosti. Če želijo poslovati uspešno, morajo dobro spremljati svoje zunanje in notranje okolje, navade in pričakovanja odjemalcev ter na koncu izbrati najboljšo strategijo na tržišču, kjer je konkurenca zelo velika. Prijazno okolje, podjetniška kultura, inovacije in ustvarjalnost zaposlenih, spreminjanje in prilagajanje organizacije so tisti dejavniki, ki dajejo podjetjem konkurenčno prednost pred podjetji, ki ne ravnajo uspešno. Podjetniško nepravilno ravnanje pa pomeni nespopadanje s tveganji in spremembami, pa tudi to, da se ne nadgrajuje nosilcev podjetja. Analiza okolja podjetja je eno izmed glavnih orodij za ocenjevanje zunanjih in notranjih dejavnikov podjetja. Poslovno okolje podjetja je sestavni del strateškega načrtovanja in prav slednje je ena od sestavin upravljanja, ki vključuje tudi postavitev ciljev. V diplomskem seminarju smo se odločili za podrobno analizo poslovnega okolja podjetja Perutnina Ptuj d. d., ki se s svojo dejavnostjo uvršča v mesnopredelovalno industrijo. Namen analize je preučiti vse slabosti in prednosti, ki so vplivale na uspešnost podjetja v preteklih letih.The emerging globalization brings about constant changes. These changes affect people\u27s lives and business operations. Companies are trying to adapt to these changes from day to day, becase so they can run smoothly, are competitive and take advantage of their advantages compared to competition. If a company wants to do business successfully, it has to monitor its external and internal environment, habits and customer expectations, and ultimately choose the best strategy on the market where competition is very high. The friendly environment, entrepreneurial culture, innovation and employee creativity, changing and adapting are those factors that give companies competitive advantage over companies that do not act successfull. That we do not handle the business properly, means that we do not deal with risks and changes, and that we do not upgrade the business basics. The company\u27s environmental analysis is one of the main tools for assessing the company\u27s external and internal factors. The business environment of the company is an integral part of strategic planning and strategic planning is one of the elements of governance, which also includes setting goals. In bachelor\u27s thesis we decided for a detailed analysis of the business environment of the company Perutnina Ptuj d.d., whose main activity is in the meat processing industry. The purpose of the analysis is to examine all the weaknesses and advantages that have influenced the company\u27s performance over the years

STABILITY OF TWO-WHEELED VEHICLE

Diplomsko delo se ukvarja s problematiko izdelave vozila na dveh kolesih. Delo zajema modeliranje, opis potrebnih komponent ter izdelava vozila, na koncu pa še sintezo regulatorja in implementiranje programa na mikrokrmilniškem sistemu. Ključni deli celotnega sistema sta senzorja, ki zaznavata nagib vozila in regulator, ki je potreben za uspešno vodenje.The thesis describes the construction of a two-wheeled vehicle. Work includes modeling, description of key components and vehicle construction, controller synthesis and implementation of the program on the microcontroller system. Key parts of the entire system are sensors, which can detect tilt of the vehicle and the conroller, which is required for successful control

Tax Evasion and Tax Audit

Davčne utaje so problem, s katerim se srečujejo prav vse države. Posledica takšnih dejanj je manjši priliv v proračun in posledično manj sredstev države za investicije in tudi storitve, ki smo jih deležni vsi državljani. Davčnih utaj ni mogoče odpraviti, lahko pa se jih z različnimi ukrepi omejuje in odkriva. K zmanjševanju davčnih utaj lahko najbolj pripomore jasna in nedvoumna zakonodaja. Ne samo zakonodaja v okviru posamezne države, ampak tudi zakonodaja, ki ureja določena področja poslovanja na mednarodnem nivoju. Zato želimo predstaviti nekatere ukrepe, ki so pripomogli k zmanjševanju davčnih utaj v Sloveniji in EU. Za primerjavo bomo povzeti podatke, ki prikažejo finančne učinke teh ukrepov v Sloveniji in širše. V Sloveniji opravlja dejavnost pobiranja davkov FURS, ki s svojimi nadzornimi aktivnostmi, katere se začnejo s kontrolo prejetega davčnega obračuna, s vsebinsko kontrolo prejetih dokumentov, inšpekcijskimi nadzori, finančnimi preiskavami in aktivnostmi mobilnih oddelkov, skrbi za učinkovito pobiranje davkov in odkrivanje davčnih utaj. Z zbranimi podatki želimo predstaviti obseg nadzornih aktivnosti FURS-a in finančne učinke le-teh.Tax evasions are a problem faced by all countries. The consequence of such actions is lower budget inflow and consequently less government funds for investments and services for all citizens. Tax evasions cannot be eliminated but limited and exposed by taking various measures. Clear and transparent legislation can contribute to the reduction of tax evasions the most. Not only the regulation within individual country but also the regulation that governs various segments on international level. That is why we want to present certain measures, that contributed to the reduction of tax evasions in Slovenia and in the EU. For the purpose of comparison, we will summarize the data on financial effects of these measures in Slovenia and broader. In Slovenia, tax collection is performed by the Financial Administration of the Republic of Slovenia. With its control activities, starting with control of the received tax return, control of content of the received documents, inspections, financial investigations, and activities of mobile departments it ensures the effective tax collection and detection of tax evasions. With the collected data, we wish to present the scope of control activities of the Financial Administration of the Republic of Slovenia and their financial effects