Effects of essential amino acids on food and water intake of rats

This study examined the effects of selected groups of essential amino acids (EAAs), given by gavage, on short-term food and water intake. Amino acid groups were selected on the basis of their common physiologic functions in relation to current hypotheses on the role of amino acids in food intake control, and the quantities given were based on the proportions in 1.5 g of the EAA content of albumin. The complete EAA mixture (1.5 g) suppressed food intake by an average of 60 and 37% during the 1st and 2nd h of feeding, respectively, but had no influence on feeding in the subsequent 12 h. Total daily (14 h) intake was decreased by 9%. With the exception of the aromatic amino acid (Phe + Tyr + Trp, 0.34 g) group, all groups significantly decreased food intake by a comparable magnitude (32%) during the 1st h. In this time period, rats given the EAAs, Arg + Met + Val (0.38 g), and Arg + His + Lys (0.44 g) mixtures increased their water intake, whereas intake by rats given the Phe + Tyr + Trp + Thr (0.46 g) and Ile + Leu + Val (0.45 g) mixtures was unchanged. Thus, the food intake suppression caused by EAAs was not accounted for by an equal effect of its component amino acid groups. As well, food intake suppression by amino acid groups was not explained by increased water consumption, nor was it simply related to the quantity of nitrogen provided by the treatment.published_or_final_versio

Dietary Proteins as Determinants of Metabolic and Physiologic Functions of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Dietary proteins elicit a wide range of nutritional and biological functions. Beyond their nutritional role as the source of amino acids for protein synthesis, they are instrumental in the regulation of food intake, glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, bone metabolism and immune function. The interaction of dietary proteins and their products of digestion with the regulatory functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a dominant role in determining the physiological properties of proteins. The site of interaction is widespread, from the oral cavity to the colon. The characteristics of proteins that influence their interaction with the GI tract in a source-dependent manner include their physico-chemical properties, their amino acid composition and sequence, their bioactive peptides, their digestion kinetics and also the non-protein bioactive components conjugated with them. Within the GI tract, these products affect several regulatory functions by interacting with receptors releasing hormones, affecting stomach emptying and GI transport and absorption, transmitting neural signals to the brain, and modifying the microflora. This review discusses the interaction of dietary proteins during digestion and absorption with the physiological and metabolic functions of the GI tract, and illustrates the importance of this interaction in the regulation of amino acid, glucose, lipid metabolism, and food intake

Involvement of cholecystokinin¦A receptors in protein-induced satiety in rats

grantor: University of TorontoThis study examined the hypothesis that in rats, protein-induced reduction of food intake is mediated by CCK\rm\sb{A}-receptors. The primary objectives of this study were (1) to determine the effect of the vehicle and route of administration of devazepide on food intake; (2) to determine the effect of coadministration of the CCK\rm\sb{A}-receptor antagonist devazepide on protein-, amino acid-, carbohydrate- and fat-induced reduction of food intake and (3) to provide pharmacological support for the mechanism of action of devazepide at CCK\rm\sb{A}-receptors by determining the effect of coadministration of the CCK\rm\sb{A}-receptor antagonist PD-140,548 on protein-induced suppression of food intake. Six studies involving a total of twenty-seven experiments were conducted. Rats were given treatments by intragastric (i.g.) and/or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration and food intake was measured during 0-1, 1-2 and 2-14 h. The results showed that all nutrients lowered food intake, with protein suppressing food intake to the greatest extent. The CCK\rm\sb{A}-receptor antagonists increased food intake when given alone. Because devazepide and PD-140,548, drugs that specifically block CCK\rm\sb{A}-receptors, when coadministered with the nutrients, attenuated only protein- and not amino acid-, carbohydrate- and fat-induced satiety, these results support the hypothesis that in the rat, protein-induced reduction of food intake is mediated by CCK\rm\sb{A}-receptors.Ph.D

OpenStack User Group France

A review of the current status of container deployment on the CERN cloud using OpenStack Magnum

Histone demethylases ELF6 and JMJ13 antagonistically regulate self-fertility in Arabidopsis

The chromatin modification H3K27me3 is involved in almost every developmental stage in Arabidopsis. Much remains unknown about the dynamic regulation of this histone modification in flower development and control of self-fertility. Here we demonstrate that the H3K27me3-specific demethylases ELF6 and JMJ13 antagonistically regulate carpel and stamen growth and thus modulate self-fertility. Transcriptome and epigenome data are used to identify potential targets of ELF6 and JMJ13 responsible for these physiological functions. We find that ELF6 relieves expansin genes of epigenetic silencing to promote cell elongation in the carpel, enhancing carpel growth and therefore encouraging out-crossing. On the other hand, JMJ13 activates genes of the jasmonic acid regulatory network alongside the auxin responsive SAUR26, to inhibit carpel growth, enhance stamen growth, and overall promote self-pollination. Our evidence provides novel mechanisms of self-fertility regulation in A. thaliana demonstrating how chromatin modifying enzymes govern the equilibrium between flower self-pollination and out-crossing

Optimizing OpenStack Nova for scientific workloads

The CERN OpenStack cloud provides over 300,000 CPU cores to run data processing analyses for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments. To deliver these services, with high performance and reliable service levels, while at the same time ensuring a continuous high resource utilization has been one of the major challenges for the CERN cloud engineering team. Several optimizations like NUMA-aware scheduling and huge pages, have been deployed to improve scientific workloads performance, but the CERN Cloud team continues to explore new possibilities like preemptible instances and containers on bare-metal. In this paper we will dive into the concept and implementation challenges of preemptible instances and containers on bare-metal for scientific workloads. We will also explore how they can improve scientific workloads throughput and infrastructure resource utilization. We will present the ongoing collaboration with the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) community to develop the necessary upstream enhancement to further improve OpenStack Nova to support large-scale scientific workloads

Containers and Orchestration with Docker and Kubernetes

Abstract: Containers have taken an important role in existing IT configuration and deployment stacks. In the first part of this lecture we will go through the internals of what a container is made of, why they work well as a basic building block for complex applications, and cover cgroups and the different linux namespaces available as the key features they rely on. &nbsp; The second part will focus on orchestrating complex distributed applications using Kubernetes, which in the last few years has built a large community around it. We will start with how to define and manage the deployment of a multi-tier application and go through how Kubernetes handles replication, restarts, log collection and other key features. We will finish briefly covering more advanced features such as ingress, pod and cluster auto scaling and monitoring.</p

Container Hands-On

This session will be done in a training, hands-on&nbsp;format, covering topics related to containers. Topics include: Container basics (usage, underlying technologies) Image management and optimizations Container clusters and orchestration Containerized application lifecycle with Helm Autodevops It is recommended to bring your own laptop to follow the different&nbsp;exercises. Please make sure you have docker (&gt;17.09) installed on your laptop, you&nbsp;can login to lxplus-cloud.cern.ch and that you have enough quota on your personal OpenStack project - minimum 2 instances, 4 cores. HANDS ON:&nbsp;http://clouddocs.web.cern.ch/clouddocs/aviator/docs/index.html LIVE NOTES:&nbsp;https://hackmd.web.cern.ch/s/B1YFyMl5M UPDATE: We're providing an alternative way to get hold of the necessary clients and libraries. You can simply launch a VM in your OpenStack Personal Project, as follows: # ssh lxplus7-cloud-testing # openstack server create --image 2ddd02c9-68df-4507-b329-9dec05635543 --flavor m2.medium --key-name &lt;YOURKEYPAIR&gt; &lt;YOURUSERID&gt;-handson The last part of the training will involve some examples running on Kubernetes. Please try to create a cluster in advance, issuing the following command: # ssh lxplus7-cloud-testing # openstack coe cluster create --cluster-template kubernetes --node-count 1 --keypair &lt;YOURKEYPAIR&gt; &lt;YOURUSERID&gt;-handson-kub If you need any help prior to the session contact one of the organizers.</p