Quantification of voriconazole in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A convenient liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of the triazole antifungal agent voriconazole in plasma samples is described. Fenbuconazole is used as an internal standard. After protein precipitation, automated solid-phase extraction is applied. Electrospray ionization in the positive mode is used and the following mass transitions are recorded: voriconazole, 350 -> 127; and fenbuconazol, 337 -> 125. The analytical run time is 4 min. The response was linear from 78 to 5000 mu g/L. The total coefficient of variation (n=16) was 12.6% for a low-concentration pool (143 mu g/L), 4.7% for a medium-concentration pool (419 mu g/L), and 5.0% for a high-concentration pool (4304 mu g/L). The method is proposed for future investigations that should be performed to test the hypothesis that therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole is clinically useful

Desenhos e vozes no ensino de geografia: a pluralidade das favelas pelos olhares das crianças

A ciência geográfica prioriza como objeto de estudo as relações entre sociedade e natureza. No entanto, é preciso refletir sobre a possibilidade de escuta no ensino da geografia escolar, em diálogo com sua epistemologia. O recorte escolhido para ilustrar a potencialidade dessa perspectiva se deu na busca por compreender a leitura de mundo a partir da favela, considerando-se a pluralidade presente nas produções de sentidos e significados dos sujeitos que a observam. Em tais produções, existem as experiências mediadas e aquelas diretas com as/nas favelas. Quais noções, entretanto, orientam a concepção de favelas construídas pelos alunos? Compreender como os alunos percebem as favelas e criam sentidos e significados ao conceberem suas noções foi uma importante aproximação entre os saberes escolares e não escolares no processo educativo e na aprendizagem espacial. A pesquisa desenvolvida aponta a geografia humanista como uma possibilidade de compreensão do universo investigativo na contemporaneidade, ao permitir deslocar diferentes sentidos - no caso, do espaço urbano e de suas relações com o ensino - para escorar ações de formação de professores. Repensar noções como espaço e lugar propicia a reflexão sobre a apropriação de diferentes sentidos e saberes na escola e fora dela. O espaço urbano está repleto de práticas sociais que revelam diversas temporalidades e experiências espaciais. Pensá-lo no interior da escola significa dar visibilidade aos diferentes sujeitos e às suas territorialidades. Para alcançar esse objetivo, utilizou-se o desenho infantil como um instrumento de interlocução com os sujeitos.The science of geography prioritizes the relationships between society and nature as an object of study. However, one needs to reflect on the possibility of listening in the teaching of geography in schools, in dialogue with its epistemology. The outline chosen to illustrate the potential of this approach results from the quest to understand the reading of the world from the favela, considering the plurality present in the productions of senses and meanings of the subjects who observe it. In such productions, there are mediated experience and direct experience with/in favelas. What notions guide the concept of favelas constructed by students, though? Understanding how students perceive favelas and create senses and meanings when conceiving their notions was an important connection between school and non-school knowledge in the educational process and spatial learning. This study points to humanistic geography as a possibility of understanding the investigative universe in contemporaneity, by allowing to shift various meanings - in this case, of urban space and its relations with teaching - to shore up teacher education actions. Rethinking notions such as space and place provides a reflection on the appropriation of different meanings and knowledge in school and beyond. Urban space is filled with social practices that reveal different temporalities and spatial experiences. Thinking it within the school means giving visibility to different subjects and their territorialities. To achieve this goal, this study used children's drawings as a tool for dialogue with the subjects

A Formação Continuada em um Programa de Residência Docente: A Experiência da UFJF

The training of teachers has been the object of in-depth studies in the search for advances in the construction of knowledge that articulates knowledge in different areas, in defense of teacher professionalization and by the quality of training within higher education institutions.  In this direction, in 2019, UFJF created the Teacher Residency Program (TR), which is based on an institutional policy for the training of teachers in line with the Institutional Pedagogical Project for Undergraduate Courses (UFJF, RESOLUTION No. 111 / CONGRAD),  Resolution CP / CNE 2/2015 and the National Education Plan (2014-2024).  Thus, this article proposes to report the processes that underpin the implementation of the Teaching Residency Program (TR) at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF.  We understand that the consolidation of the TR Program responds to a pressing need in the IFES, aimed at the permanent improvement of the social quality of education and the valuation and professional dignity of teachers.A formação de professoras/es tem sido objeto de estudos aprofundados na busca por avanços na construção do saber que articula o conhecimento das diversas áreas, pela defesa da profissionalização docente e pela qualidade formativa no âmbito das instituições de ensino superior. Nessa direção, no ano de 2019, a UFJF cria o Programa de Residência Docente (RD), que constitui-se a partir de uma política institucional de formação de professoras/es alinhada ao Projeto Pedagógico Institucional das Licenciaturas (UFJF, Resolução nº 111/Congrad), à Resolução CP/CNE 2/2015 e ao Plano Nacional de Educação (2014-2024). Assim, este artigo se propõe a relatar os processos que alicerçam a implantação do Programa de Residência Docente (RD) na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora - UFJF. Compreendemos que a consolidação do Programa RD responde a uma necessidade premente nas IFES, direcionada à melhoria permanente da qualidade social da educação e à valorização e dignidade profissional docente

Estrategias de trabajo en equipo y modelización en matemática para arquitectura

Este trabajo presenta una experiencia del nivel 1 de la cátedra de Elementos de Matemática y Física, en donde a través de una metodología ágil y flexible se desarrolla la modelización de una planta, simulando la aplicación de Scrum para potenciar el trabajo en equipo, todo mediado por tecnologías. Se fundamenta conceptualmente elementos que convergen en el aprendizaje activo centrado en el estudiante, en el trabajo colaborativo, en la modelización matemática y en la metodología eduScrum. El objetivo del presente trabajo es evidenciar los distintos tópicos que se consideran a la hora de modelizar en equipo y los beneficios que ofrece la misma. Los resultados de esta experiencia permiten apreciar el potencial para trasladar esta modalidad de aprendizaje a otras situaciones con objetivos diferentes, pero con igual necesidad de interacción grupal y contexto distribuido, al mismo tiempo que percibir el potencial de Scrum para ser incorporado dentro de una estrategia didáctica de aprendizaje, por su simplicidad y sus importantes efectos.Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanism

Hospital use of systemic antifungal drugs

BACKGROUND: Sales data indicate a major increase in the prescription of antifungal drugs in the last two decades. Many new agents for systemic use that only recently have become available are likely to be prescribed intensively in acute care hospitals. Sales data do not adequately describe the developments of drug use density. Given the concerns about the potential emergence of antifungal drug resistance, data on drug use density, however, may be valuable and are needed for analyses of the relationship between drug use and antifungal resistance. METHODS: Hospital pharmacy records for the years 2001 to 2003 were evaluated, and the number of prescribed daily doses (PDD, defined according to locally used doses) per 100 patient days were calculated to compare systemic antifungal drug use density in different medical and surgical service areas between five state university hospitals. RESULTS: The 3-year averages in recent antifungal drug use for the five hospitals ranged between 8.6 and 29.3 PDD/100 patient days in the medical services (including subspecialties and intensive care), and between 1.1 and 4.0 PDD/100 patient days in the surgical services, respectively. In all five hospitals, systemic antifungal drug use was higher in the hematology-oncology service areas (mean, 48.4, range, 24 to 101 PDD/100 patient days, data for the year 2003) than in the medical intensive care units (mean, 18.3, range, 10 to 33 PDD/100) or in the surgical intensive care units (mean, 10.7, range, 6 to 18 PDD/100). Fluconazole was the most prescribed antifungal drug in all areas. In 2003, amphotericin B consumption had declined to 3 PDD/100 in the hematology-oncology areas while voriconazole use had increased to 10 PDD/100 in 2003. CONCLUSION: Hematology-oncology services are intense antifungal drug prescribing areas. Fluconazole and other azol antifungal drugs are the most prescribed drugs in all patient care areas while amphotericin B use has considerably decreased. The data may be useful as a benchmark for focused interventions to improve prescribing quality

Clostridium difficile Infections amongst Patients with Haematological Malignancies: A Data Linkage Study

OBJECTIVES: Identify risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and assess CDI outcomes among Australian patients with a haematological malignancy. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study involving all patients admitted to hospitals in Western Australia with a haematological malignancy from July 2011 to June 2012. Hospital admission data were linked with all hospital investigated CDI case data. Potential risk factors were assessed by logistic regression. The risk of death within 60 and 90 days of CDI was assessed by Cox Proportional Hazards regression. RESULTS: There were 2085 patients of whom 65 had at least one CDI. Twenty percent of CDI cases were either community-acquired, indeterminate source or had only single-day admissions in the 28 days prior to CDI. Using logistic regression, having acute lymphocytic leukaemia, neutropenia and having had bacterial pneumonia or another bacterial infection were associated with CDI. CDI was associated with an increased risk of death within 60 and 90 days post CDI, but only two deaths had CDI recorded as an antecedent factor. Ribotyping information was available for 33 of the 65 CDIs. There were 19 different ribotypes identified. CONCLUSIONS: Neutropenia was strongly associated with CDI. While having CDI is a risk factor for death, in many cases it may not be a direct contributor to death but may reflect patients having higher morbidity. A wide variety of C. difficile ribotypes were found and community-acquired infection may be under-estimated in these patients