696 research outputs found
Negative electrospray ionisation of fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOH) and FTOH-derived acrylate surfactants by liquid chromatography coupled to accurate (tandem) mass spectrometry
Universality of Electron Mobility in LaAlO/SrTiO and bulk SrTiO
Metallic LaAlO/SrTiO (LAO/STO) interfaces attract enormous attention,
but the relationship between the electron mobility and the sheet electron
density, , is poorly understood. Here we derive a simple expression for
the three-dimensional electron density near the interface, , as a
function of and find that the mobility for LAO/STO-based interfaces
depends on in the same way as it does for bulk doped STO. It is known
that undoped bulk STO is strongly compensated with background donors and acceptors. In intentionally doped
bulk STO with a concentration of electrons background impurities
determine the electron scattering. Thus, when it is natural to see
in LAO/STO the same mobility as in the bulk. On the other hand, in the bulk
samples with the mobility collapses because scattering happens on
intentionally introduced donors. For LAO/STO the polar catastrophe
which provides electrons is not supposed to provide equal number of random
donors and thus the mobility should be larger. The fact that the mobility is
still the same implies that for the LAO/STO the polar catastrophe model should
be revisited.Comment: 4 pages and 1 figur
Involving patients in patient safety programmes: A scoping review and consensus procedure by the LINNEAUS collaboration on patient safety in primary care
This is the final version of the article. Available from Taylor & Francis via the DOI in this record.BACKGROUND: Patient involvement has only recently received attention as a potentially useful approach to patient safety in primary care. OBJECTIVE: To summarize work conducted on a scoping review of interventions focussing on patient involvement for patient safety; to develop consensus-based recommendations in this area. METHODS: Scoping review of the literature 2006-2011 about methods and effects of involving patients in patient safety in primary care identified evidence for previous experiences of patient involvement in patient safety. This information was fed back to an expert panel for the development of recommendations for healthcare professionals and policy makers. RESULTS: The scoping review identified only weak evidence in support of the effectiveness of patient involvement. Identified barriers included a number of patient factors but also the healthcare workers' attitudes, abilities and lack of training. The expert panel recommended the integration of patient safety in the educational curricula for healthcare professionals, and expected a commitment from professionals to act as first movers by inviting and encouraging the patients to take an active role. The panel proposed a checklist to be used by primary care clinicians at the point of care for promoting patient involvement. CONCLUSION: There is only weak evidence on the effectiveness of patient involvement in patient safety. The recommendations of the panel can inform future policy and practice on patient involvement in safety in primary care.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2008â2012 under grant agreement no. 223424
(1)H-MRS measured ectopic fat in liver and muscle is associated with the metabolic syndrome in Danish girls but not in boys with overweight and obesity
BACKGROUND: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complication to overweight and obesity, which can be observed already in childhood. Ectopic lipid accumulation in muscle and liver has been shown to associate with the development of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Thus, the interaction between MetS and ectopic fat may offer clinical relevance. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of MetS, or components hereof, and ectopic fat accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle tissue in children, as well as interactions between these. METHODS: Twoâhundredâandâsixteen children and adolescents (95 boys) with overweight/obesity were investigated, as well as 47 controls (22 boys) with normal weight. The assessments included anthropometry, fasting blood biochemistry and blood pressure measurements. Liver and muscle lipid contents were assessed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS: We observed an odds ratio in girls with overweight/obesity of 12.2 (95% confidence interval: [3.8; 49.0]) for exhibiting MetS when hepatic steatosis was present, whereas no association was observed in boys with overweight/obesity (odds ratio 0.7 [0.2; 2.7]). The odds ratio of exhibiting MetS in the presence of muscular steatosis was 3.5 [1.4; 9.5] in girls with overweight/obesity and 1.0 [0.2; 5.6] in boys with overweight/obesity. Similar results were seen for girls with overweight/obesity exhibiting concurrent hepatic and muscular steatoses. CONCLUSION: Hepatic and muscular steatoses were associated with MetS among girls, but not among boys with overweight/obesity
Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life During Rehabilitation in Patients With Operable Lung Cancer:A Feasibility Study (PROLUCA)
Microscopic processes in global relativistic jets containing helical magnetic fields
In the study of relativistic jets one of the key open questions is their interaction with the environment on the microscopic level. Here, we study the initial evolution of both electronâproton (eââp+) and electronâpositron (e±) relativistic jets containing helical magnetic fields, focusing on their interaction with an ambient plasma. We have performed simulations of âglobalâ jets containing helical magnetic fields in order to examine how helical magnetic fields affect kinetic instabilities such as the Weibel instability, the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (kKHI) and the Mushroom instability (MI). In our initial simulation study these kinetic instabilities are suppressed and new types of instabilities can grow. In the eââp+ jet simulation a recollimation-like instability occurs and jet electrons are strongly perturbed. In the e± jet simulation a recollimation-like instability occurs at early times followed by a kinetic instability and the general structure is similar to a simulation without helical magnetic field. Simulations using much larger systems are required in order to thoroughly follow the evolution of global jets containing helical magnetic fields
Microscopic Processes in Global Relativistic Jets Containing Helical Magnetic Fields
In the study of relativistic jets one of the key open questions is their interaction with the environment on the microscopic level. Here, we study the initial evolution of both electronâproton ( e â â p + ) and electronâpositron ( e ± ) relativistic jets containing helical magnetic fields, focusing on their interaction with an ambient plasma. We have performed simulations of âglobalâ jets containing helical magnetic fields in order to examine how helical magnetic fields affect kinetic instabilities such as the Weibel instability, the kinetic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (kKHI) and the Mushroom instability (MI). In our initial simulation study these kinetic instabilities are suppressed and new types of instabilities can grow. In the e â â p + jet simulation a recollimation-like instability occurs and jet electrons are strongly perturbed. In the e ± jet simulation a recollimation-like instability occurs at early times followed by a kinetic instability and the general structure is similar to a simulation without helical magnetic field. Simulations using much larger systems are required in order to thoroughly follow the evolution of global jets containing helical magnetic fields.This work is supported by NSF AST-0908010, AST-0908040, NASA-NNX09AD16G,
NNX12AH06G, NNX13AP-21G, and NNX13AP14G grants. The work of J.N. and O.K. has been supported
by Narodowe Centrum Nauki through research project DEC-2013/10/E/ST9/00662. Y.M. is supported by
the ERC Synergy Grant âBlackHoleCamâImaging the Event Horizon of Black Holesâ (Grant No. 610058).
M.P. acknowledges support through grant PO 1508/1-2 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. Simulations
were performed using Pleiades and Endeavor facilities at NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS), and using
Gordon and Comet at The San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC), and Stampede at The Texas Advanced
Computing Center, which are supported by the NSF. This research was started during the program âChirps,
Mergers and Explosions: The Final Moments of Coalescing Compact Binariesâ at the Kavli Institute for Theoretical
Physics, which is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant No. PHY05-51164. The first
velocity shear results using an electron positron plasma were obtained during the Summer Aspen workshop
âAstrophysical Mechanisms of Particle Acceleration and Escape from the Acceleratorsâ held at the Aspen Center
for Physics (1â15 September 2013). We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI
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Lead exposures and biological responses in military weapons systems: Aerosol characteristics and acute lead effects among US Army artillerymen: Final report
This study was to determine the concentration and chemical nature of lead (Pb) aerosols produced during the firing of artillery and to determine the exposures and biological responses of crew members exposed to lead aerosols during such firing. The concentrations of lead-containing aerosols at crew positions depended on wind conditions, with higher concentrations when firing into a head wind. Aerosol concentrations were highest in the muzzle blast zone. Concentrations of lead in the blood of crew members rose during the first 12 days of exposure to elevated airborne lead concentrations and then leveled off. There was no rapid decrease in blood lead concentrations after completion of firing. Small decreases in hematocrit and small increases in free erythrocyte porphyrin were correlated with increasing exposure to airborne lead. These changes were reversed by seven weeks after firing. Changes in nerve conduction velocity had borderline statistical significance to airborne lead exposure. In measuring nerve conduction velocity, differences in skin temperature must be taken into account
A high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas at the heteroepitaxial spinel/perovskite complex oxide interface of {\gamma}-Al2O3/SrTiO3
The discovery of two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) at the
heterointerface between two insulating perovskite-type oxides, such as LaAlO3
and SrTiO3, provides opportunities for a new generation of all-oxide electronic
and photonic devices. However, significant improvement of the interfacial
electron mobility beyond the current value of approximately 1,000 cm2V-1s-1 (at
low temperatures), remains a key challenge for fundamental as well as applied
research of complex oxides. Here, we present a new type of 2DEG created at the
heterointerface between SrTiO3 and a spinel {\gamma}-Al2O3 epitaxial film with
excellent quality and compatible oxygen ions sublattices. This
spinel/perovskite oxide heterointerface exhibits electron mobilities more than
one order of magnitude higher than those of perovskite/perovskite oxide
interfaces, and demonstrates unambiguous two-dimensional conduction character
as revealed by the observation of quantum magnetoresistance oscillations.
Furthermore, we find that the spinel/perovskite 2DEG results from
interface-stabilized oxygen vacancies and is confined within a layer of 0.9 nm
in proximity to the heterointerface. Our findings pave the way for studies of
mesoscopic physics with complex oxides and design of high-mobility all-oxide
electronic devices.Comment: 25pages, 5 figure
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