Research Methods for Non-Representational Approaches of Organizational Complexity. The Dialogical and Mediated Inquiry

This paper explores the methodological implications of non-representational approaches of organizational complexity. Representational theories focus on the syntactic complexity of systems, whereas organizing processes are predominantly characterized by semantic and pragmatic forms of complexity. After underlining the contribution of non-representational approaches to the study of organizations, the paper warns against the risk of confining the critique of representational frameworks to paradoxical dichotomies like intuition versus reflexive thought or theorizing versus experimenting. To sort out this difficulty, it is suggested to use a triadic theory of interpretation, and more particularly the concepts of semiotic mediation, inquiry and dialogism. Semiotic mediation dynamically links situated experience and generic classes of meanings. Inquiry articulates logical thinking, narrative thinking and experimenting. Dialogism conceptualizes the production of meaning through the situated interactions of actors. A methodological approach based on those concepts, “the dialogical and mediated inquiry” (DMI), is proposed and experimented in a case study about work safety in the construction industry. This interpretive view requires complicating the inquiring process rather than the mirroring models of reality. In DMI, the inquiring process is complicated by establishing pluralist communities of inquiry in which different perspectives challenge each other. Finally the paper discusses the specific contribution of this approach compared with other qualitative methods and its present limits.Activity; Dialogism; Inquiry; Interpretation; Pragmatism; Research Methods; Semiotic Mediation; Work Safety

Bourgeois casaniers et noble voyageur au miroir de leur livre de raison

This paper attempts to verify the truth of the by now common assertion which sees the merchant as a busy, always on-the-move, adventurous man, and thus opposes him to the sedate, castle-bound and never-shifting rural lord. This study relies on several family records books from the Late Middle Ages in Limousin, compiled by townspeople for all but one, this written by a nobleman from the Marche country. They show that, in this remote part of France, the townpeople, whether merchants or lawyers, do not travel unless dire necessity leads them to do so, and then only short distances, whereas the lord of Sainte-Feyre does so constantly (mostly to France and Italy), for his own and his family’s business, but also clearly for pleasure

Mise en place de circuits touristiques thématiques pour le parc du Mont-Bellevue, basés sur un inventaire des attraits naturels et anthropiques

The changing point of views on values linked to the importance now to protect, preserve and promote natural and cultural heritage influence the quality of life environment in which the man evolves. It has directly an influence on lifestyle, more specific on leisure and touristic activities.The general objective of this Master Thesis is to preserve, protect and promote the Mont- Bellevue Park, located at Sherbrooke (Quebec) by applying Sustainable Development Principles. This urban green park has a big area (197 hectares). Indeed, the ecotouristic development propositions applies values and criteria of Sustainable Development. Furthermore, this Master Thesis answers to a lack of studies on the characterization of the natural and human environment of the Mont-Bellevue Park. For Sherbrooke City, the Mont-Bellevue Park represents a green, infrastructure having an environmental, ecological, social and economic usefulness. It is on this notion of Sustainable City Development that is part of the Sustainable Development Concept, that the research hypothesis is based.The Master Thesis integrates a large range of investigations based on human, physical and biophysical data. Mainly, human data come from a research by written questionnaire and interviews to know Mont-Bellevue Park users habits. Physical and biophysical data were acquired by field investigation, photo-interpretation and thematic maps analysis.The treatment and the analysis of these data identify and localize the information that were presented, organized and synthesised by thematic maps. These data were combined with a sustainable criteria base to map potential sites that can be developed (by thematic attractions) and protected in the Park. A Sustainable Development Concept of the sites was elaborated to emphasize the natural and anthropological attractions of the area.The application of Sustainable Development Principles allows respecting the integrity of the natural environment while meeting the needs and the expectations of Mont-Bellevue Park users and visitors. To give access to these sites, we proposed varieties of thematic circuits plans that connect these sites

Bladder perivascular epithelioid cell tumors

Introduction: Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas) of the bladder are infrequent localisation of this mesenchymal cancer with uncertain malignant behavior.Case report: We report the case of a 74 years old women who was diagnosed a malignant PEComa of the bladder. She necessited radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileocaecal pouch reconstruction. Histology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of a malignant PEComa of the bladder. We evaluate the literature cases to adjust the prognosis criteria.Conclusion: Evolution and prognosis evaluation remain hard and could necessitate a radical surgery. Prognosis criteria for the bladder PEComas have to be clarified

Use of superheated liquids for the extraction of non-volatile compounds from wood: HPLC studies

A study of the extraction of oak wood compounds using superheated water-ethanol mixtures ranging from 10 to 60% ethanol is reported. Identification and characterization of the extracted compounds have been made by high performance liquid chromatography. The extraction has been performed using the static mode by single or repetitive cycles. The variables affecting the extraction process have been studied and their optimum values established (extraction time: 50 min; pressure: 40 atm; extraction temperature: 180º C). The study allows to compare the non-volatile polyphenol fractions obtained in this way with those present in commercial samples with fully agreement between them. In addition, the method allows manipulation of the extract composition by changing the working pressure, temperature and water-ethanol ratio

A macroscopic device described by a Boltzmann-like distribution

Equilibrium thermodynamic phenomena such as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities are rare in systems of macroscopic particles interacting by mechanical collisions. This paper reports a system composed of millimeter-sized polymer objects that under mechanical agitation exhibits a “discretization” of the configurations of the system, and has a distribution of the probabilities of these configurations that is analogous to a Boltzmann distribution. The system is composed of spheres and a three-link chain on a bounded horizontal surface, shaken with an aperiodic but not completely random horizontal motion. Experiments were performed at different strengths of agitation (quantified by the frequency of agitation, f, at constant amplitude) and densities of spheres (quantified by the filling ratio, FR). The chain was typically found in one of three conformations—extended, single folded, and double folded— because, under collisions with the spheres, adjacent links were stable mechanically only when fully extended or fully folded. The probabilities of the different conformations of the chain could be described by a Boltzmann distribution in which the “temperature” depended on f and the “energies” of conformations on FR. The predictions of the Boltzmann formula using empirically determined “temperatures” and “energies” agreed with measurements within two experimental standard deviations in 47 out of 48 experiments.Chemistry and Chemical Biolog

Statistical Tools for Analyzing Measurements of Charge Transport

This paper applies statistical methods to analyze the large, noisy data sets produced in measurements of tunneling current density (J) through self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in large-area junctions. It describes and compares the accuracy and precision of procedures for summarizing data for individual SAMs, for comparing two or more SAMs, and for determining the parameters of the Simmons model (β and J0). For data that contain significant numbers of outliers (i.e., most measurements of charge transport), commonly used statistical techniques—e.g., summarizing data with arithmetic mean and standard deviation and fitting data using a linear, least-squares algorithm—are prone to large errors. The paper recommends statistical methods that distinguish between real data and artifacts, subject to the assumption that real data (J) are independent and log-normally distributed. Selecting a precise and accurate (conditional on these assumptions) method yields updated values of β and J0 for charge transport across both odd and even n-alkanethiols (with 99% confidence intervals) and explains that the so-called odd–even effect (for n-alkanethiols on Ag) is largely due to a difference in J0 between odd and even n-alkanethiols. This conclusion is provisional, in that it depends to some extent on the statistical model assumed, and these assumptions must be tested by future experiments.Chemistry and Chemical BiologyEngineering and Applied Science