Remote sensing of geologic mineral occurrences for the Colorado mineral belt using LANDSAT data

The author has identified the following significant results. LANDSAT imagery was examined as a practical and productive tool for mineral exploration along the Colorado Mineral Belt. An attempt was made to identify all large, active and/or abandoned mining districts on the imagery which initially were discovered by surface manifestations. A number of strong photolinements, circular features, and color anomalies were identified. Some of these form a part of the structural and igneous volcanic framework in which mineral deposits occur. No specific mineral deposits such as veins or porphyries were identified. Promising linear and concentric features were field checked at several locations. Some proved to be fault zones and calderas; others were strictly topographic features related to stream or glacial entrenchment. The Silverton Caldera region and the Idaho Springs-Central City district were chosen and studied as case histories to evaluate the application of LANDSAT imagery to mineral exploration. Evidence of specific mineralization related to ore deposits in these two areas were observed only on low level photography

Remote sensing in mineral exploration from LANDSAT (ERTS) imagery. Test site no. 2 (Colorado)

There are no author-identified significant results in this report

Cannabinoid Withdrawal Produces Altered Somatic and Emotionality-related Behavior in Mice

Cannabis sativa is the most commonly abused illicit drug in the United States. An estimated 9 percent of those who use cannabis will develop some level of cannabinoid use disorder (CUD). Although behavioral therapy has some success in treating CUD, many users still relapse. Moreover, there are no FDA approved pharmacological treatments available to complement behavioral therapy. The need for appropriate treatments highlights the need for nonhuman animal models to test target compounds. The current study aimed to (1) evaluate the MAGL inhibitor JZL184 as a possible treatment for cannabinoid withdrawal, and (2) to develop a spontaneous model of cannabinoid withdrawal in mice. Mice were treated with the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; 50 mg/kg) or vehicle for 5.5 days. On the 6th day, withdrawal was precipitated using the cannabinoid receptor antagonist rimonabant (3 mg/kg), and behavior was scored in marble burying and somatic signs tests. THC withdrawal significantly decreased marble burying, however, JZL184 pretreatment did not attenuate withdrawal-related changes marble burying. JZL184 attenuated withdrawal-induced somatic behaviors as demonstrated in previous studies. A second set of experiments was used to evaluate spontaneous (i.e., not precipitated) THC withdrawal, as measured through marble burying and somatic signs. THC withdrawal caused significant increases in paw tremors and head twitches 24--48 h after abstinence, and JZL184 significantly attenuated these somatic signs of withdrawal. These data support the use of endocannabinoid manipulation to reduce symptoms of THC withdrawal

Acute and Repeated Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoid Agonism and Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Positive Allosteric Modulation

Recent years have seen a rise in the diversity and use of synthetic cannabinoids. Currently, there is little known about the effects of specific synthetic cannabinoid compounds. As such, little research has been done evaluating the acute and chronic effects of synthetic cannabinoid administration or the development of tolerance and withdrawal. The present study aimed, in part, to evaluate the acute and repeated effect of a third-generation synthetic cannabinoid, AB-FUBINACA. Mice were treated with AB-FUBINACA (0.1-3 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle and were tested repeatedly in the tetrad battery of assays, which included tests of catalepsy, antinociception, hypothermia, and locomotor activity. A second group of mice was injected with AB-FUBINACA (3 mg/kg, s.c.) twice daily for 6 days and were tested daily in tetrad. On the 6th day, withdrawal was precipitated using the cannabinoid receptor antagonist rimonabant (3 mg/kg), and behavior was scored in the somatic signs of withdrawal tests. AB-FUBINACA exhibited classic acute cannabinoid effects in the tetrad but showed a lack of tolerance and cross-tolerance to THC (50 mg/kg, i.p.). Further, precipitated withdrawal from AB-FUBINACA was of a much smaller magnitude than what is typical of other phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids. Another aspect of cannabinoid research that has been largely overlooked is the use of assays that are able to detect spontaneous (i.e., abstinence-induced) withdrawal. Previous research has demonstrated that spontaneous withdrawal can be detected with certain assays, like the somatic signs of withdrawal and tail suspension tests. To determine whether an anhedonia test would detect signs of spontaneous withdrawal, mice were trained to consume a sweetened condensed milk mixture over 9 days. During the final 6 days of training, mice were injected twice daily with THC (10 or 50 mg/kg, s.c.) or vehicle. On the 9th day, injections were stopped and mice were tested again at 12h and 36h abstinence. No changes were observed as a result of spontaneous withdrawal from THC. Despite recent increases in attention to cannabinoid use disorders, there remains a need for pharmacological interventions. ZCZ011 is a CB1 positive allosteric modulator that increases the effect of CB1 agonists bound at the orthosteric site. We hypothesized that ZCZ011 significantly attenuates behavioral signs of cannabinoid withdrawal. Mice were administered ∆9-THC (10 mg/kg, b.i.d., s.c.) or vehicle for six days, then withdrawal was precipitated using rimonabant (3 mg/kg, i.p.). As previously reported, ∆9-THC withdrawal induced paw tremors and head twitches. Acute ZCZ011 (≥10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly attenuated paw tremors and head twitches. ZCZ011 (≥10 mg/kg, i.p.) was also administered to mice subjected to spontaneous THC withdrawal. ZCZ011 reduced spontaneous THC withdrawal-induced head twitches and paw tremors. An additional group of mice was injected with ZCZ011 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or one of its enantiomers, ZCZ011 A or ZCZ011 B prior to precipitated THC withdrawal. Both ZCZ011 10 mg/kg or either enantiomer alone attenuated paw tremors and head twitches

Models of brain injury vocational rehabilitation: The evidence for resource facilitation from efficacy to effectiveness

BACKGROUND: Resource Facilitation (RF) is an intervention developed to improve return to work (RTW) following brain injury. RF is an individualized treatment specializing in connecting patients and caregivers with community-based resources and services to mitigate barriers to return to work. OBJECTIVES: Examine the effectiveness of the RHI RF program for a clinical prospective cohort of participants referred to this program from the State Vocational Rehabilitation agency. METHODS: Participants were 243 participants with data drawn from the two sources: 33 from previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) control groups who did not receive RF and 210 from clinical patients discharged from the RHI RF program. RESULTS: At discharge from RF, a greater proportion of the treatment group obtained employment than the control group [X2 (1)  = 5.39, p = 0.018]. When controlling for baseline level of disability, treatment group significantly predicted employment outcome (Wald = 4.52, p = 0.033) and participants in the treatment group were 2.3 times more likely to return to work than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Previous RCTs have studied the RHI RF model and demonstrated significant efficacy. The findings from the present study are consistent with the employment rates found in the previous RCT's following RF, and also provide initial support for the clinical effectiveness of RF

Lunar navigation study, volume 2 Final report, Jan. - Dec. 1966

Performance data utilization in mission phase, lunar exploration phase, and navigational phase of lunar roving vehicle mission

The Aquatic Heteroptera (Hemiptera) of Marshes in the Florida Everglades

The Everglades is a large subtropical wetland that has been modified heavily by humans and now is undergoing restoration. Aquatic and semiaquatic Heteroptera (Hemiptera) in the infraorders Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha were collected in the Florida Everglades using standardized 1-m2throw-traps. Sampling efforts were conducted in marshes distributed from southern Everglades National Park, north throughout the Water Conservation Areas to Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. In total, 12,833 individuals were identified representing 17 species in 13 genera and 8 families (Belostomatidae, Corixidae, Gerridae, Mesoveliidae, Naucoridae, Nepidae, Veliidae). The naucorid Pelocoris femoratus (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Naucoridae) was by far the most abundant species, whereas 2 other species, Belostoma lutarium (Stål) (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) and Neogerris hesione Kirkaldy (Hemiptera: Gerridae), were widespread but less abundant. Two species, Abedus immaculatus (Say) (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) and Pelocoris balius La Rivers (Hemiptera: Naucoridae) had localized distributions, whereas all other species were collected rarely. We discuss the abundance and distribution of species recorded, along with unique traits and the biology of the aquatic Heteroptera in the Everglades and implications for the restoration of the Everglades

Migration Strategies Vary in Space, Time, and Among Species in the Smallfish Metacommunity of the Everglades

Spatial ecology and movement strategies of aquatic organisms may limit their response to human-caused drying of wetland habitats. We characterized the movement strategies of the most abundant species of fish in the wetlands of the Everglades (USA) to better understand how they cope with annual fluctuations in aquatic habitat size. Over a six-year period, we used a sampling method designed to measure the density, activity levels, and movement direction of small fishes. We estimated changes in displacement speed and directional bias to identify patterns of movement that different fishes use to disperse over the gradient of disturbance in this environment. Movement of fishes ranged from highly active and directed to passive and random, and varied with hydrological condition (water rising, stable, or dropping). Six of the eight species studied displayed directed movement (possibly displaying taxis along environmental gradients) that varied in both speed and directional bias in response to hydrological cues. The remaining two species did not adjust the direction that they moved in response to hydrological cues, but their activity levels increased. Moving with directional bias may improve a fish\u27s chance of early arrival in a newly available habitat or of escaping the risk of desiccation in drying wetlands. Fishes that change activity levels may improve their likelihood of reaching favorable environments by increasing diffusion rates and greater sampling of the environment. Interspecific variation in movement strategies is predicted to play a large role in community structure and may be a primary driver of the dynamics of the Everglades fish metacommunity