Establishing an evoked-potential vision-tracking system

This paper presents experimental evidence to support the feasibility of an evoked-potential vision-tracking system. The topics discussed are stimulator construction, verification of the photic driving response in the electroencephalogram, a method for performing frequency separation, and a transient-analysis example. The final issue considered is that of object multiplicity (concurrent visual stimuli with different flashing rates). The paper concludes by discussing several applications currently under investigation

Post-operative cranial pressure monitoring system

System for monitoring of fluidic pressures in cranial cavity uses a miniaturized pressure sensing transducer, combined with suitable amplification means, a meter with scale calibrated in terms of pressures between minus 100 and plus 900 millimeters of water, and a miniaturized chart recorder covering similar range of pressures

What I believe about leadership and education : reflective research

In the field of education, having a great leader is very important. The principal is like a captain of a ship. He can lead that ship right down the middle so that his students and staff can see things from both sides or he can run aground and really cause some problems. Leadership is something that must come from within. You can definitely tell when you are around someone that is a natural leader and someone who is trying their hardest. A leader is someone who is well read on the new and innovative changes in education. They are caring, organized, always ready to listen, good communicators, visible in the community as well as the hallways, and they are in this profession for the students that they are working with

The Representation of God in First Corinthians 8-10: Understanding Paul in the Context of Wisdom, Philo, and Josephus

The interpretation of 1 Cor 8-10 is complicated by several factors. Scholars have noted the apparent contradictions in the text (primarily an issue within ch. 8) and also the remarkable changes in Paul\u27s tone (primarily an issue with how 10:1-22 relates to 8:1-13 and 10:23-11:1). I argue that Paul consistently prohibits Christians from eating food sacrificed to idols; by appealing first to their obligation to love other believers and then to their obligation of exclusive faithfulness to Christ. What has largely been overlooked is the way that these arguments are made on the basis on one\u27s understanding of God and idols and the varied representations of God to which Paul could appeal to make his point. The approach of this analysis has been to examine how the representation of God functions in Paul\u27s argument, especially in comparison to other Hellenistic Jewish idol polemics. While this is an argument made about the acceptability or non-acceptability of particular practices, it is an argument made on theological grounds, and these theological underpinnings have been largely unexplored. The majority of Paul\u27s argument draws on streams of interpretation already existing in Judaism. But the role of Christ radically shapes Paul\u27s theological grid and takes the polemic against idolatry in new directions. Both in terms of its communal impact and in terms of faithfulness to God, the controlling thought is the salvific role of Christ. Comparing Paul to other Hellenistic Jewish authors--especially in the way in which they represent God in their idol polemics--provides a clearer understanding of the coherence of Paul\u27s argument. Paul draws on the breadth of representations of God in order to make a persuasive argument prohibiting the Corinthians from eating food sacrificed to idols

Fluoride Thin Films: from Exchange Bias to Multferroicity

This dissertation concerns research into the growth and characterization fluoride thin films by molecular beam epitaxy. After a discussion of relevant background material and experimental procedures in the first two chapters, we study exchange bias in magnetic multilayers incorporating the uniaxial antiferromagnet FeF2, grown to varying thicknesses, sandwiched between ferromagnetic Co layers with fixed thicknesses of 5 and 20 nm. Several bilayers with only the 20 nm thick Co layer were grown for comparative study. The samples were grown on Al2O3 (112¯0) substrates at room temperature. In-situ RHEED and x-ray diffraction indicated the films were polycrystalline. The films were determined to have low surface and interlayer roughness, as determined by AFM and x-ray reflectivity. After field-cooling to below the Neel temperature of FeF2 in a magnetic field of 1 kOe, magnetic hysteresis loops were measured as a function of temperature. We found that both layers had a negative exchange bias, with the exchange bias of the thinner layer larger than that of the thicker layer. In addition, the coercivity below the blocking temperature TB of the thinner layer was significantly larger than that of the thick layer, even though the coercivity of the two layers was the same for T \u3e TB. The exchange bias effect, manifested by a shift in these hysteresis loops, showed a strong dependence on the thickness of the antiferromagnet. Anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements provided additional insight into the magnetization reversal mechanism within the ferromagnets. The thickness dependent exchange anisotropy of trilayer and bilayer samples is explained by adapting a random field model to the antiferromagnet/ferromagnet interface.;Finally, We investigate the temperature dependent growth, as well as the magnetic and ferroelectric properties of thin films of the multiferroic compounds BaMF4, where M = Fe, Co, Ni. The films were grown to thicknesses of 50 or 100 nm on single crystal Al2O3 (0001) substrates. X-ray diffraction showed that this family of films grew epitaxially in the (010) orientation, but were twinned in the plane, with three domain orientations rotated by 120 degrees relative to one another. Measurements of the remanent hysteresis via interdigitated electrodes showed that the compounds M = Co, and Ni were ferroelectric, but no switching behavior was observed in the Fe system at electric fields up to 400 kV/cm. Measurements of the field-cooled and zero-field-cooled magnetic moment confirmed low temperature antiferromagnetic behavior, and found new weak ferromagnetic phases induced by strain

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and World Health Organizations (WHO) have highlighted six species of highly drug-resistant bacteria, commonly termed the ESKAPE pathogens, that new antibacterials are urgently needed to treat). The ESKAPE pathogens account for over two-million infections and have healthcare costs upwards of $20 billion dollars annually. Over the past several decades, pharmaceutical companies have drastically reduced their research programs for developing new antibacterial agents. As well, bacteria are predisposed to rapidly generate resistance against these “me too” drugs, making this strategy a temporary stop-gap in our ability to fight these pathogens. This has left the burden to identify new antibiotics that function through fundamentally unique mechanisms of action to academia. Towards this goal, we are developing a unique antibacterial strategy that functions through targeting the bacterial GroEL chaperonin systems. GroEL is a molecular chaperone that helps fold proteins into their functional states. Being an essential protein, inhibiting GroEL activity leads to global aggregation and bacterial cell death. We previously reported a high-throughput screening effort that identified 235 GroEL inhibitors. A subsequent study with a subset of these inhibitors identified several that kill bacteria. To follow-up, we have synthesized 43 analogs of a hit-to-lead molecule, compound 1, containing systematic deletions of substituents and substructures to determine the essential parts of the scaffold for inhibiting GroEL and killing bacteria. Along with inhibiting GroEL, several compound 1 analogs exhibit >50-fold therapeutic windows between antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity to human liver and kidney cells in cell culture. Evaluation of two lead candidates (1 and 11) in a gain-of-resistance assay indicated that MRSA bacteria were not able to easily generate resistance to this compound class. Compound 1 also exhibited the ability to permeate through already established S. aureus biofilms and maintain its bactericidal effects, whereas vancomycin could not. Having established initial structure-activity relationships for the compound 1 substituents and substructures in this study, future efforts will focus on optimizing the antibacterial effects of lead candidates and reducing their off-target toxicity to human cells