Design and Synthesis of Bio-Based Benzoxazines

Polybenzoxazine (PBz) resins are a new type of high-performance synthetic resins that are attractive alternatives to traditional resins. Their properties include near-zero shrinkage upon polymerization, fast evolution of mechanical properties with the conversion, glass transition temperatures much higher than curing temperatures, low water absorption, and excellent dielectrical and mechanical properties. The development of polybenzoxazines has always been linked to petro-based feedstocks, but for the last 5 years, the number of studies related to bio-based benzoxazines is exploding as a consequence of the versatility of the design of the chemical structure of their monomers. Benzoxazine (Bz) monomers are subjected to cationic ring-opening polymerization (ROP), activated by a thermal treatment in the range of 160–250°C. In addition, Bz synthesis promotes the use of naturally occurring phenolic compounds instead of petroleum-based ones to develop high-performance materials from renewable resources and to fit to REACH restrictions. For this purpose, vanillin, eugenol, and cardanol are examples of bio-phenols bridged with several kinds of aromatic and aliphatic diamines. In this chapter, the synthesis and the properties of di-functional benzoxazine monomers prepared from naturally occurring phenolic compounds are reviewed. Symmetric and asymmetric monomers will be detailed. The last part of the chapter is dedicated to the use of bio-phenols to functionalize polymers and to provide benzoxazine functional groups

Factores psicosociales y de adaptación en adolescentes con enfermedad endocrina crónica y sus familias

La adolescencia puede ser una etapa llena de complicaciones en las que la salud mental, el bienestar y la autoestima se vean comprometidas. Si a lo anterior se le une el hecho de tener una enfermedad no transmisible y crónica como la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (T1DM), las dificultades pueden ser mayores. La presencia crónica de una enfermedad física afecta a todo el sistema familiar, por lo que el tipo y calidad de las interacciones entre las personas cuidadoras y el adolescente con DMT1 pueden afectar (facilitando o dificultando) el ajuste a la enfermedad de toda la familia. Existen pocos trabajos que aborden las relaciones entre la díada cuidador/a familiar principal-adolescente. El objetivo general del presente trabajo ha sido analizar las principales características psicológicas, familiares y de la enfermedad en adolescentes con DMT1 y en sus cuidadores/as familiares principales. Participaron 228 adolescentes, de los cuales 76 tenían DMT1. El 56,10 % fueron hombres y sus edades estuvieron comprendidas entre los 12 y los 16 años (M = 13,57; D.T. = 1.09). En cuanto a los/ las cuidadores/as familiares principales el 83,30 % fueron madres (el resto padres), con edades entre los 31 y los 57 años (M = 45,01; DT = 5,14). La evaluación fue transversal,se realizó entre ju- nio del 2015 y febrero de 2020, y tuvo en cuenta las siguientes variables: autoestima, bienestar, psicopatología, respuesta adaptativa a la DMT1, hemoglobina glicosilada (hbA1c), percepción de amenaza de la enfermedad y estilos familiares (en el caso de los adolescentes), funcionamiento famil- iar, estrés ante el cuidado, malestar emocional y apego adulto (en el caso de los/las cuidadores/as familiares principales). Los principales resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que las variables más relevantes para explicar el ajuste psicológico durante la adolescencia, son: la autoestima, los vínculos con los iguales y los estilos familiares, sin tener un papel estadísticamente significativo la presencia o no de DMT1. Estas variables junto a la percepción de amenaza de la enfermedad fueron importantes para entender respuesta adaptativa a la DMT1 encontrada en nuestra muestra. Los niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) fueron mejores cuando se daba una mejor respuesta adaptativa a la DMT1, una mejor autoestima y una percepción menor de amenaza de la enfermedad. Por otra parte, observamos que la afectación emocional y de estrés de las personas cuidadoras es mayor que la de los adolescentes. En la predicción de los síntomas ansiosos, depresivos y del estrés de los/as cuidadores/as familiares principales fueron fundamentales: las vinculaciones afectivas inseguras, la presencia de otro hijo con una enfermedad crónica no transmisible y las rentas económicas bajas. Por último, en cuanto al ajuste en la díada, observamos que la presencia de malestar emocional y de apego inseguro en el cuidador/a familiar principal, predijeron un peor ajuste emocional, una peor respuesta adaptativa a la DMT1 y un peor nivel de HbA1c en los adolescentes. Por su parte, los niveles inadecuados de HbA1c y la presencia de psicopatología en el adolescente, predijeron más síntomas emocionales y estrés en el/la cuidador/a familiar principal. En conclusión, señalamos como fundamental la consideración de múltiples variables tanto del adolescente con DMT1 como de su cuidador/a familiar principal para comprender mejor el ajuste a la enfermedad en esta etapa tanto en el conjunto del sistema familiar y sus integrantes. Es importante favorecer la autoestima y los vínculos emocionales de los adolescentes (con o sin DMT1), así como los estilos familiares positivos, dado que estos factores son muy importantes para el ajuste físico y emocio- nal de la díada adolescente-cuidador durante esta etapa del ciclo vital y ante la enfermedad.Adolescence may be a complicated stage where mental health, well-being and self-esteem can be compromised. These difficulties could increase when coupled with a chronic, non-communicable disease such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The presence of a chronic physical illness affects the whole family system, so the nature and quality of the interactions between caregivers and the adolescent with T1DM1 may impact (facilitating or hindering) the adjustment to the illness of the whole family. Few studies have examined the relationships between the primary family caregiver-adolescent dyad. The overall aim of the present study was to analyse the main psychological, family and disease characteristics of adolescents with T1DM and their primary family caregivers. A total of 228 adolescents participated, 76 of whom had T1DM. Of these, 56.10 % were male and their ages ranged between 12 and 16 years (M = 13.57; T.D. = 1.09). As for primary family caregivers, 83.30 % were their mothers (the remaining were the fathers), aged between 31 and 57 (M = 45.01; SD = 5.14). The evaluation was cross-sectional, conducted between June 2015 and February 2020, and considered the following variables: self-esteem, well-being, psychopathology, adaptive response to T1DM, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), perceived threat of the disease and family lifestyles (for adolescents), family functioning, caregiving stress, emotional distress and adult attachment (for primary family caregivers). The main results showed that the most relevant variables for explaining psychological adjustment during adolescence are: self-esteem, peer bonds and family lifestyles, with no statistically significant role for the presence or absence of T1DM. These variables, together with the perceived threat of the disease, were important in understanding the adaptive response to T1DM found in the sample. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels improved when there was a better adaptive response to T1DM, better self-esteem and a lower perceived threat of the disease. On the other hand, caregivers were found to be more stressed and emotionally affected than adolescents. Key predictors of anxious, depressive and stress symptoms in primary family caregivers were: insecure attachments, the presence of another child with a chronic non-communicable disease, and low income.Finally, in terms of dyad adjustment, the presence of emotional distress and insecure attachment in primary caregivers predicted worse emotional adjustment, a worse adaptive response to T1DM and worse HbA1c levels in adolescents. Inadequate HbA1c levels and the presence of psychopathology in adolescents predicted more emotional symptoms and stress in the primary family caregiver. In conclusion, it is essential to consider multiple variables in both adolescents with T1DM and their primary family caregivers to better understand the adjustment to the disease at this stage in both the family system and its members. It is important to promote self-esteem and emotional bonds in adolescents (with or without T1DMD), as well as positive family lifestyles, since these are fundamental aspects for the physical and emotional adjustment of the adolescent-caregiver dyad during this stage of the life cycle and in the face of the disease

Presencia y nidificación del Lechuzón de Campo (Asio flammeus) en el bosque Andino-Patagónico: muchas lauchas por aquí, mucha ceniza por allá

Fil: Ojeda, Valeria Susana. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Reg.universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Chazarreta, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Reg.universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones En Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Giménez, José.Fil: Trejo, Ana. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche; Argentin

Is acceptance and commitment therapy helpful in reducing anxiety symptomatology in people aged 65 or over? A systematic review

Anxiety-related mental health problems constitute a health challenge, especially in the elderly population. At present, there are few psychological treatments to reduce anxiety adapted to this group. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine the therapeutic effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on anxiety in older adults, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Two blinded reviewers participated in the search, selection and methodological quality assessment processes; reaching satisfactory levels of agreement between reviewers (κ > 0.70). The search was performed in PubMed, Proquest Central, Scopus and Web of Science; making use of standardized terms for the construction of the algorithm. In the general search 348 studies were found. After applying the eligibility criteria and excluding duplicates, seven articles were extracted for qualitative analysis. The total number of subjects was 633, with an average age of 68.89 years (68.94% women). The analysis of methodological rigor showed moderate indices on average. The publications focused primarily on samples with a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder, proposing a variety of assessment tests for related dependent variables, especially depressive symptoms and psychological flexibility. Critical analysis of the findings provides evidence for the efficacy of ACT in reducing anxious and depressive symptoms in older adults. This study proposes the use of this procedure as a non-pharmacological alternative for a group usually underrepresented in the scientific literature on this topic

La gestión de calidad y su efecto en el nivel competitivo de la empresa agronegocios orgánicos Andrea en el Distrito de Nuevo Chimbote - 2013

La presente investigación de la tesis titulada: “La Gestión de Calidad y su efecto en el Nivel Competitivo de la empresa Agronegocios Orgánicos Andrea en el distrito de Nuevo Chimbóte - 2013”. El problema que se ha investigado es ¿Cuál es el efecto de la Gestión de Calidad en el Nivel Competitivo de la empresa Agronegocios Orgánicos Andrea en el Distrito de Nuevo Chimbóte- 2013? En el desarrollo de la investigación lo que se persigue es determinar el efecto la Gestión de Calidad e el Nivel Competitivo, para lo que se ha requerido del sustento teórico. Entre los objetivos planteados en la presente investigación se ha incluido el evaluar la Gestión de Calidad, además determinar el nivel competitivo, también determinar la participación del mercado y compararla con la competencia y explicar el efecto de la gestión de calidad. La población estuvo constituida por 25 clientes existentes, considerándose que la población es la muestra, Para el análisis estadístico según la investigación de tipo no experimental, se utilizó la prueba estadística del Chi Cuadrado, sabiendo que la investigación es de tipo no experimental (no experimental- transversal), por lo que con estas pruebas contrastamos la hipótesis planteada. Luego de realizar el proceso de la investigación se han logrado las conclusiones, dentro de las cuales se ha considerado que el 76% de los clientes consideran que la Gestión de Calidad de la empresa es Buena , mientras que el 16% de los clientes consideran que es Regular y un 8% consideran que es Mala, además se ha establecido el Nivel Competitivo, donde el 64% consideran que el nivel competitivo de la empresa es Buena, mientras que el 32% de los colaboradores consideran el nivel competitivo de la empresa es regular y un 4% considera que el nivel competitivo es Malo. Finalmente se logró relacionar ambas variables de estudio, a través de la prueba de Chi Cuadrado, teniendo como resultado 24.10 del valor calculado, este resultado es mayor al valor crítico, que es 9,48 por tanto se rechaza la Hipótesis Nula, además nos reveló que ambas variables se relacionan positivamente, es decir que si en la organización existe una buena Gestión de Calidad, por ende el Nivel Competitivo es bueno. Consecuentemente se realizó las recomendaciones pertinente

La jerarquía de operaciones básicas como medio de acercamiento al razonamiento algebraico en la primaria.

Ningun

Impact of a fall prevention program in the Internal Medicine wards of a tertiary care university hospital

Objective: To determine whether a falls prevention program reduces the incidence of falls within a hospital. Materials and methods: Each patient admitted to the Internal Medicine ward was classiied into a risk category (high, medium, low) according to the scale of J.H. Downton, and then various general and speciic measures were applied by risk group. Interventions included appointments, teaching materials, and training of medical staff and family. Furthermore, a registration system was developed that allowed adverse event fe edback to the program and identiicat ion of the causes of the fall. The SPSS version 20.0 was used for the data analysis. Descriptive analysis was used for quantitative variables, and qualitative variables were expressed as proportions. To compare the rate of pre- and post-program implementation falls, x 2 was used, with a = 0.05 determining a signiicant statistical value. Results: Since the implementation of the program, the rate of falls per 1000 days/patient decreased from 1.9 in 2007 to 0.67 in the period 2008-2013, representing a decrease of the rate of falls of up to 70%, with a statistically signiicant difference (P=.02). Conclusions: The implementation of a falls prevention program is an effective tool and reduces the rate and complications associated with them

Predicting health-related quality of life in Spanish adolescents with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma

This study analyzed the predictive power of sociodemographic (age, sex) and medical variables (months since diagnosis and in treatment, immunotherapy, number of environmental allergens, food allergies or atopic dermatitistypes) on the quality of life of patients with rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma, using models based on comparative qualitative fuzzy analysis to compare them according to the pathology(s). Retrospective cross-sectional design.Sixty-four adolescents (65.60% boys) diagnosed with rhinoconjunctivitis and/or bronchial asthma aged between 12 and 16 years old (M= 14.02; SD = 1.45). The data were collected between February 2019 and January 2020 using the Brief Disease Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), the Adolescent Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (AdolRQoLQ) and the Respiratory Disease Questionnaire Self-administered and Standardized Chronicle (CRQSAS). Qualitative comparative analysis models (QCA) were used. In the QCA models, the various combinations indicated that the variables that predicted a higher quality of life for both rhinocojuntivitis symptoms and respiratory symptoms were receiving longerterm immunotherapy and a perceived lower threat of the disease. The consistencies of the models vary between 23-29%. In conclusion, the patients' QoL was explained by the presence of longerterm immunotherapy and a less threatening perception of the disease. Therefore, early multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment is importan

Facial Self-Touching and the Propagation of COVID-19: The Role of Gloves in the Dental Practice

Background: Despite facial self-touching being a possible source of transmission of SARS- Co-V-2 its role in dental practice has not been studied. Factors such as anxiety symptoms or threat perception of COVID-19 may increase the possibility of contagion. The objective was to compare the impact of control measures, such as gloves or signs in the reduction in facial self-touching. Methods: An intra-subject design was undertaken with 150 adults. The patients' movements in the waiting room were monitored with Microsoft Kinect software on three occasions: without any con- trol measures, using plastic gloves or using advisory signs against self-touching. Additionally, the participants completed the sub-scale of STAI (State-Anxiety) and the BIP-Q5 (Brief Illness Percep- tion Questionnaire); their blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Results: The lowest inci- dence of facial self-touching occurred in the experimental situation in which gloves were intro- duced. The subjects with elevated anxiety symptoms realized more facial self-touching regardless of the control measures. However, the threat perception of COVID-19 is associated negatively with facial self-touching. Conclusions: The use of gloves is a useful control measure in the reduction in facial touching. However, people with anxiety symptoms regardless of whether they have greater threat perception for COVID-19 exhibit more facial touching

Factors associated with stress when caring for a child with a short stature

Short stature (SS) is one of the main diagnoses in Pediatric Endocrinology. SS can have a negative impact on family dynamics, causing stress and psychopathology. Poor adaptation by the family caregiver negatively affects the pedi- atric patient. Our objective was therefore to study the adjustment of the main family caregivers of pediatric patients with SS, analyzing the factors influencing it. One hundred and ten primary family caregivers of pediatric SS patients from hospitals in Valencia, Spain, participated. Parental stress (Pediatric Inventory for Parents), anxious and depres- sive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), family functioning (Family Cohesion and Adaptation Scale), and adult attachment (Adult Attachment Questionnaire) were evaluated. Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was performed. The caregiver's age, anxiety, and attachment variables are significant when predicting the main family caregiver's adaptation to the stress caused by the diagnosis. These results will help improve adaptation to the diagnosis, since healthcare personnel will be able to establish that caregivers and/or families present a greater risk of mismatch more quickly and apply the necessary intervention