Simulations of Cold Electroweak Baryogenesis: hypercharge U(1) and the creation of helical magnetic fields

We perform numerical simulations of Cold Electroweak Baryogenesis, including for the first time in the Bosonic sector the full electroweak gauge group SU(2)×U(1) and CP-violation. We find that the maximum generated baryon asymmetry is reduced by a factor of three relative to the SU(2)-only model, but that the quench time dependence is very similar. In addition, we compute the magnitude of the helical magnetic fields, and find that it is proportional to the strength of CP-violation and dependent on quench time, but is not proportional to the magnitude of the baryon asymmetry as proposed in the literature. Astrophysical signatures of primordial magnetic helicity can therefore not in general be used as evidence that electroweak baryogenesis has taken place

Comparison between interstitial laser thermotherapy and excision of an adenocarcinoma transplanted into rat liver.

The aim of this study was to compare interstitial laser thermotherapy with excision of a liver tumour. A dimethylhydrazine-induced adenocarcinoma was transplanted (implanted if not stated otherwise) into the left lateral lobe of the rat liver, and treatment was performed 8 days later. In the main experiment, rats were treated with resection of the tumour-bearing lobe or underwent interstitial laser thermotherapy, which was performed at a steady-state temperature of 46 degrees C for 30 min, 3 mm from the tumour margin. The incidence and extent of intraperitoneal spread was smaller after laser thermotherapy than after resection of the tumour-bearing lobe, with no difference in local control. Metastatic spread after resection of the median liver lobe was similar to that observed after sham procedures for thermotherapy or resection, suggesting that the advantage of thermotherapy was not due to a difference in surgical trauma. Additional studies showed that laser thermotherapy reduced intraperitoneal spread when treatment was suboptimal or in a tumour inoculation model and suggested that immunological mechanisms might be involved. It is concluded that interstitial laser thermotherapy reduces spread of liver tumour compared with resection

Real-time fermions for baryogenesis simulations

We study how to numerically simulate quantum fermions out of thermal equilibrium, in the context of electroweak baryogenesis. We find that by combining the lattice implementation of Aarts and Smit [1] with the "low cost" fermions of Borsanyi and Hindmarsh [2], we are able to describe the dynamics of a classical bosonic system coupled to quantum fermions, that correctly reproduces anomalous baryon number violation. To demonstrate the method, we apply it to the 1+1 dimensional axial U(1) model, and perform simulations of a fast symmetry breaking transition. Compared to solving all the quantum mode equations as in [1], we find that this statistical approach may lead to a significant gain in computational time, when applied to 3+1 dimensional physics

Simulations of cold electroweak baryogenesis: dependence on the source of CP-violation

We compute the baryon asymmetry created in a tachyonic electroweak symmetry breaking transition, focusing on the dependence on the source of effective CP-violation. Earlier simulations of Cold Electroweak Baryogenesis have almost exclusively considered a very specific CP-violating term explicitly biasing Chern-Simons number. We compare four different dimension six, scalar-gauge CP-violating terms, involving both the Higgs field and another dynamical scalar coupled to SU(2) or U(1) gauge fields. We find that for sensible values of parameters, all implementations can generate a baryon asymmetry consistent with observations, showing that baryogenesis is a generic outcome of a fast tachyonic electroweak transition

Liver Resections for Metastases from Intraabdominal Leiomyosarcoma

This paper discusses liver resection for intraabdominal leiomyosarcoma metastases as a therapy for carefully selected patients. Of the 83 hepatectomies performed from 1992 to 1996, five were resections for liver metastases due to intraabdominal leiomyosarcoma, in 3 patients. The surgical indication was single liver metastases, without any evidence of extrahepatic disease. No mortality occurred during surgery and the longest survival was 38 months. We concluded that liver resection for leiomyosarcoma metastases can be performed, allowing a long term survival in an occasional patient

Symptomatic Giant Cavernous Haemangioma of the Liver: Is Enucleation a Safe Method?

Twenty-three patients with symptomatic giant hemangioma of the liver were treated by surgery between 1979 and 1996 at the department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova. Twenty-three enucleations were performed in 21 patients, left lateral segmentectomy in one patient and enucleation plus left lobectomy in one patient. The tumors were enucleated along the interface between the hemangioma and normal liver tissue. The diameters of the tumors ranged from 5×5 to 25×15 cm. The mean blood loss for enucleations was 525 ml (range 500–1000 ml). There was no mortality and no postoperative bleeding. Three patients had postoperative complications. Enucleation is the best surgical technique for symptomatic giant hemangioma of the liver. It may be performed with no mortality, low morbidity and the preservation of all normal liver parenchyma

Changes in immunocompetent cells after interstitial laser thermotherapy of breast cancer

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.BACKGROUND: Local tumour destruction has been shown to give rise to changes in immunocompetent cells. The aim of this study was to describe the effect of interstitial laser thermotherapy (ILT) of breast carcinoma in the tumour and in regional lymph nodes. METHODS: Seventeen women that underwent radical surgical excision after non-radical ILT were studied. ILT was performed at a steady-state temperature of 48°C for 30 min. Surgical excision was performed 12 (6-23) days after ILT. Six patients with breast cancer not treated with ILT before surgery served as controls. Immunohistological reactions were performed on core needle biopsies prior to treatment and on the excised specimens. RESULTS: ILT resulted in more CD8 lymphocytes and CD68 macrophages within the tumour (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively) and higher counts of CD20 (P < 0.05), CD68 (P < 0.001) and CD83 (P < 0.01) at the tumour border, when compared to pre-treatment values. In the control patients not receiving ILT, CD8 cells increased within the tumour after resection (P < 0.05). With the probable exception of CD25 Foxp3 cells, the presence of cancer in a lymph node influenced the findings in lymph nodes (examined for CD1a, CD25, Foxp3 CD25, CD83 cells). Thus, comparisons between ILT and control patients were restricted to patients without lymph node metastases. In these patients, ILT and resection were followed by a decrease in CD25 Foxp3 lymphocytes (P < 0.05), when compared to surgical resection alone. CONCLUSIONS: ILT induced changes in immunocompetent cells in patients with breast cancer. The stimulation of the immune system is an added feature of ILT in treatment of patients with breast cancer

On the Transverse-Traceless Projection in Lattice Simulations of Gravitational Wave Production

It has recently been pointed out that the usual procedure employed in order to obtain the transverse-traceless (TT) part of metric perturbations in lattice simulations was inconsistent with the fact that those fields live in the lattice and not in the continuum. It was claimed that this could lead to a larger amplitude and a wrong shape for the gravitational wave (GW) spectra obtained in numerical simulations of (p)reheating. In order to address this issue, we have defined a consistent prescription in the lattice for extracting the TT part of the metric perturbations. We demonstrate explicitly that the GW spectra obtained with the old continuum-based TT projection only differ marginally in amplitude and shape with respect to the new lattice-based ones. We conclude that one can therefore trust the predictions appearing in the literature on the spectra of GW produced during (p)reheating and similar scenarios simulated on a lattice.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to JCA