Awareness And Risk Behaviors Towards Zoonotic Disease Among Ethnic Minority In Mountainous Area Of Central Vietnam

Background: As a result of the population explosion and rapid urbanization, human activities have been causing negative impacts on the environment. The changing patterns of transmissible diseases among wild animals, livestock and human have been getting more and more complicated in the context of climate change. Ethnic community from mountainous and isolated areas undoubtedly are the most vulnerable, with the high risk of emerging and re-emerging zoonosis. Objectives: To explore the awareness and risk behaviors of the residents in Nham commune, A Luoi district towards zoonosis transmission. To determine the factors related to the risk behaviors of the residents. Methods: A sectional-cross study was conducted among 230 residents whose ages range from 18 – 85, currently living in Nham commune, A Luoi district, adjacent to the Vietnam – Laos border. All participants were interviewed directly with a questionnaire including the following categories: demographics, household wealth, awareness of zoonosis, livestock management and behaviors related to wildlife animals. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted to determine factors associated with risk behaviors. Results: The proportion of respondents who have heard about zoonotic diseases was 40%. The majority of subjects raise free-range livestock (83,4%), especially on poultry and cow. The percentage of participants who consumed culled sick and dead animals accounted for 26%, over 30% of villagers slept in forest and more than 50% consumed bushmeat. Risk behaviors related to management livestock and wildlife were statistically significantly associated with gender, age of subjects, educational background, household wealth, information approach on zoonosis, and the number of livestocks. Conclusions: The proportion of respondents who have heard about zoonotic diseases was 40%. The high-risk group falls on those who consume dead domestic animals, wildlife animals and sleep in the forest. Behaviors of human-wildlife contact and zoonosis are quite common with the Nham locals, which emphasizes the necessity for intervention programs in zoonotic disease control.

Rectal artemisinins for malaria: a review of efficacy and safety from individual patient data in clinical studies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Rectal administration of artemisinin derivatives has potential for early treatment for severe malaria in remote settings where injectable antimalarial therapy may not be feasible. Preparations available include artesunate, artemisinin, artemether and dihydroartemisinin. However each may have different pharmacokinetic properties and more information is needed to determine optimal dose and comparative efficacy with each another and with conventional parenteral treatments for severe malaria.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Individual patient data from 1167 patients in 15 clinical trials of rectal artemisinin derivative therapy (artesunate, artemisinin and artemether) were pooled in order to compare the rapidity of clearance of <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>parasitaemia and the incidence of reported adverse events with each treatment. Data from patients who received comparator treatment (parenteral artemisinin derivative or quinine) were also included. Primary endpoints included percentage reductions in parasitaemia at 12 and 24 hours. A parasite reduction of >90% at 24 hours was defined as parasitological success.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Artemisinin and artesunate treatment cleared parasites more rapidly than parenteral quinine during the first 24 hours of treatment. A single higher dose of rectal artesunate treatment was five times more likely to achieve >90% parasite reductions at 24 hours than were multiple lower doses of rectal artesunate, or a single lower dose administration of rectal artemether.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Artemisinin and artesunate suppositories rapidly eliminate parasites and appear to be safe. There are less data on artemether and dihydroartemisinin suppositories. The more rapid parasite clearance of single high-dose regimens suggests that achieving immediate high drug concentrations may be the optimal strategy.</p

Distribution in the estuary and salinity tolerance of armored catfish (Loricariidae) in Central Vietnam

In the last decade, invasive suckermouth armored catfish Pterygoplichthys spp. spread among many river systems of Vietnam. Extended distribution of armored catfish might be associated with using brackish water in estuaries for fish spread from one river system to another. The first goal of our study was to assess the occurrence of armored catfish in the estuary of the Da Rang River (Phu Yen Province, Vietnam) and their distribution depending on the horizontal salinity gradient (4–25 PSU). Fish were mainly caught by stationary bottom traps in water salinity from 4 PSU to 18 PSU. The second goal of our study was to experimentally evaluate the ability of armored catfish to move and breathe in seawater (33 PSU). Fish moved in horizontal and vertical planes after transfer into seawater during the first 15 minutes. Fish moved around less by the 13th–15th minutes in seawater. Armored catfish moved around more in seawater than in freshwater. The exposure to seawater for 6 minutes led to deterioration of fish breathing. The results of our field and experimental studies established that armored catfish are found and able to move in brackish waters but avoid high salinity water. These facts provide support for the hypothesis of armored catfish invasion through the estuaries and coastlines

An Annotated Checklist of Algae from the Order Synurales (Chrysophyceae) of Viet Nam

This paper presents an annotated list of the Mallomonas and Synura taxa (order Synurales, class Chrysophyceae) found in Viet Nam. This list is based on materials from long-term studies (from 2008 to 2020) of 371 freshwater localities in 18 provinces in the country. A total of 67 taxa (morphotypes) of the genus Mallomonas and 7 of the genus Synura were reported. For each species, the range of abiotic environmental parameters under which they were found is given, as well as comments on the distribution of these taxa within Viet Nam and the tropical region

An Annotated Checklist of the Main Representatives of Meiobenthos from Inland Water Bodies of Central and Southern Vietnam—II—Annelid Worms (Oligochaeta and Aeolosomatidae)

This work continues a series of publications on the diversity of the main groups of invertebrates found through the investigation of meiobenthic communities in various inland waterbodies in central and southern Vietnam. Here, a checklist of oligochaetes and aeolosomatids (the annelid worms) discovered for the period 2010–2021 is presented, as well as data on the structure and abundance of their populations found in the country, ecology, local and global distribution, and, where necessary, taxonomic, morphological and other comments. In total, 71 representatives of the species and supra–species ranks from 3 families and 17 genera are listed. In total, 39 representatives were identified to the species level. During the present research, 2 species new to science were discovered and described in previously published works. This paper reports 9 more forms that need further study and may belong to still undescribed species. In addition to the new and still-unidentified species, the checklist reports about 30 more members of species and supra–species ranks that were recorded in Vietnam for the first time. Based on new and previously published data, the currently known diversity of aquatic oligochaetes and aeolosomatids in Vietnam is estimated at approximately 100–113 and 8–9 representatives, respectively. It is shown that members of the family Enchytraeidae remain practically unexplored in the waterbodies of the region. The subfamily Tubificinae and the family Aeolosomatidae also continue to be relatively poorly studied here at the species level

CÁC GIAI ĐOẠN PHÁT TRIỂN CỦA QUẦN THỂ LOÀI RAU SẮNG (Melientha suavis Pierre) THEO SINH TRƯỞNG CHIỀU CAO TẠI CÙ LAO CHÀM, TỈNH QUẢNG NAM

The survey on stem height carried out on 1,887 individuals of Melientha suavis Pierre of all ages in 66 plots (200 m2), representing the topography and forest status on the island, reveals that the traditional identification, according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2006 and 2018 on the timber development stages in the forest resource inventory, does not properly reflect the biological characteristics and population structure for slow-growing and small tree species like M. suavis. Therefore, we proposed the identification criteria of the growth stages of the plant species based on the height growth. The life cycle of M. suavis can be divided into seven stages of three periods (regeneration, maturity and over-maturity). We also suggested several specific silvicultural technical and management solutions for all periods and development stages of this species.Kết quả khảo sát về chiều cao thân cây trên 1.887 cá thể Rau sắng (Melientha suavis Pierre) ở tất cả các độ tuổi trong 66 ô tiêu chuẩn ứng với diện tích 200 m2, đại diện cho các dạng địa hình và trạng thái rừng, cho thấy cách phân chia truyền thống theo Bộ Nông nghiệp và Phát triển Nông thôn năm 2006 và năm 2018 về các giai đoạn phát triển của cây gỗ rừng trong kiểm kê tài nguyên chưa phản ánh đúng bản chất sinh học và cấu trúc quần thể cho đối tượng cây gỗ nhỏ và sinh trưởng chậm như loài Rau sắng. Từ đó, chúng tôi đề xuất tiêu chí phân chia các giai đoạn phát triển của loài Rau sắng theo chỉ tiêu sinh trưởng chiều cao. Chu kỳ sống của loài Rau sắng được phân thành bảy giai đoạn thuộc ba thời kỳ: tái sinh, thành thục và quá thành thục. Trên cơ sở đó, chúng tôi đề xuất hướng quản lý và các giải pháp kỹ thuật lâm sinh cụ thể cho tất cả các thời kỳ và giai đoạn phát triển của loài

Mortality benefits of reduction fine particulate matter in Vietnam, 2019

Introduction and objectives: Studies assessing the health benefits of air pollution reduction in Vietnam are scarce. This study quantified the annual mortality burden due to PM2.5 pollution in Vietnam above the World Health Organization recommendation for community health (AQG: 5 μg/m3) and the proposed National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality (proposed QCVN: 15 μg/m3). Methodology: This study applied a health impact assessment methodology with the hazard risk function for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and lower respiratory infections (LRIs) in the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) to calculate attributable deaths, Years of Life lost, and Loss of Life expectancy at birth due to air pollution in the Vietnamese population above 25 years of age in 11 provinces. We obtained annual average PM2.5 concentrations for Vietnam in 2019 at a 3x3 km grid modeled using Mixed Linear regression and multi-data sources. Population and baseline mortality data were obtained from administrative data system in Vietnam. We reported the findings at both the provincial and smaller district levels. Results: Annual PM2.5 concentrations in all studied provinces exceeded both the AQG and the proposed QCVN. The maximum annual number of attributable deaths in the studied provinces if they had complied with WHO air quality guidelines was in Ha Noi City, with 5,090 (95%CI: 4,253–5,888) attributable deaths. At the district level, the highest annual rate of attributable deaths if the WHO recommendation for community health had been met was 104.6 (95%CI: 87.0–121.5) attributable deaths per 100,000 population in Ly Nhan (Ha Nam province). Conclusion: A much larger number of premature deaths in Vietnam could potentially be avoided by lowering the recommended air quality standard. These results highlight the need for effective clean air action plans by local authorities to reduce air pollution and improve community health

Effect of silver nanoparticles on water quality and phytoplankton communities in fresh waterbody

This study aims to investigate the potential effects of environmental variables and the toxicity of nanosilver colloids synthesized by chemical reduction method on growth and development of phytoplankton community (the Microcystis genus dominance) in the eutrophication Tien lake water, Hanoi city, Vietnam. The variables analyzed including: physical (pH and Turbidity), chemical (content of NH4 +, PO4 3- and silver metal), biological (content of Chlorophyll-a, cell density). The characteristic of nanomaterial was confirmed by using UV-visible spectrophotometer, TEM and HR-TEM methods. The obtained silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) showed that their spherical form and uniform size varied from 10 to 15 nm. The experimental results showed that the samples treated with AgNPs inhibition on growth against M. aeruginosa at concentration 1 mg/l after 8 days. The content of silver in aquarium water decreased from 1 mg/l (D0) to 0.8 mg/l (D8). The contents of chlorophyll-a of phytoplankton community, including Microcystis genus in samples exposed with AgNPs were declined from 11.27 ± 0.56μg/L (D0) to 1.98 ± 0.37 μg/L (D8) . The environmental variables such as: pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, ammonium, phosphate...in the experiment were below the limit of the Vietnam Standard 08:2015/MONRE for surface water quality.Mục đích của nghiên cứu này là khảo sát ảnh hưởng của vật liệu nano bạc tổng hợp bằng phương pháp khử hóa học đến sinh trưởng và phát triển của quần xã thực vật nổi (chủ yếu là chi Microcystis) trong nước hồ Tiền phú dưỡng, tại Hà Nội, Việt Nam. Các thông số phân tích bao gồm: thủy lý (pH và độ đục), hóa học (hàm lượng amoni, photphat và hàm lượng bạc kim loại), sinh học (hàm lượng chất diệp lục, mật độ tế bào). Đặc trưng của vật liệu được xác định bằng các phương pháp quang phổ UV-VIS, TEM và HR-TEM. Vật liệu nano bạc có dạng hình cầu, kích thước đồng nhất trong khoảng 10-15nm. Kết quả thử nghiệm sau 8 ngày cho thấy các mẫu có bổ sung vật liệu nano bạc ức chế sinh trưởng đối với vi khuẩn lam M. aeruginosa ở nồng độ 1mg/l. Hàm lượng bạc kim loại giảm từ 1 mg/l (ngày đầu tiên) xuống còn 0.8 mg/l (vào ngày cuối cùng). Sinh khối thực vật nổi trong đó có chi Microcystis trong mẫu xử lý với AgNPs đã giảm tương ứng từ 11.27 ± 0.56 μg/L (ngày đầu tiên, D0) xuống 1.98 ± 0.37 μg/L (ngày cuối cùng, D8). Các thông số môi trường của nước hồ đều nằm dưới giới hạn cho phép của QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT đối với chất lượng nước mặt

Pentacyclic triterpenes from the leaves of <i>Camellia hakodae</i> Ninh

Nine pentacyclic triterpene derivatives including new 3-O-cis-p-coumaroyl trichadenic acid B (1) and two new ursane-type triterpene derivatives, 11α,12-[1-(methyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-dioxy]-urs-12-ene-3β-ol (2) and 11α,12-[2-(methyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-dioxy]-urs-12-ene-3β-ol (3) were isolated from the leaves of Camellia hakodae Ninh., along with six known compounds (4-9). This is the first report on pentacyclic triterpenoids from this species. New compounds 1-3 and compound 7 were tested for cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines (KB; Hep-G2; Lu; MCF-7) using the MTT assay to show moderate activity.</p

Balanochalcone, a new chalcone from <i>Balanophora laxiflora</i> Hemsl.

<p>A new chalcone named as balanochalcone (<b>1</b>) together with eight known compounds, methyl caffeate (<b>2</b>), <i>β</i>-hydroxydihydrochalcone (<b>3</b>), methyl gallate (<b>4</b>), dimethyl-6,9,10-trihydroxybenzo[<i>kl</i>]xanthene-1,2-dicarboxylate (<b>5</b>), <i>p</i>-coumaric acid (<b>6</b>), quercetin (<b>7</b>), scopoletin (<b>8</b>) and pinoresinol (<b>9</b>) have been isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Vietnamese <i>Balanophora laxiflora</i> Hemsl. Their structures were characterised by IR, UV, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR and CD spectroscopies. Compounds <b>2</b> and <b>5</b> showed moderate cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines, KB (a human epidermal carcinoma), MCF7 (human breast carcinoma), SK-LU-1 (human lung carcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma). In addition, compounds <b>1</b> and <b>5</b> showed moderate antioxidant activity.</p