Investigating biogeographic patterns of Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar viciae within the tribe Fabeae

Presentación en diapositivasNodulation is the symbiotic association of plants and diazotrophic bacteria that results in the formation of specialized organs (nodules) and allows fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. Rhizobial nodulation is widespread in Fabaceae with both promiscuous or exclusive hosts and/or rhizobia existing. An ideal group to explore these patterns is tribe Fabeae. Fabeae includes four genera: Ervilia Link, Ervum L., Vicia L., and Lathyrus L., and around 380 species distributed almost globally. They largely nodulate with Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar viciae. With the aim of evaluating the biogeographic patterns of rhizobia that colonize Fabeae species using a broader sampling, the genome of 68 strains of R. leguminosarum symbiovar viciae was sequenced. The nodules were collected from Lathyrus and Vicia hosts growing in Argentina, Canada, Chile, Greece (Crete), Japan, Spain, United Kingdom and United States and cultured to single strains. The DNA was extracted and then sent to MicrobesNG for library preparation and sequencing. Reads were trimmed and draft genomes were assembled. From the contigs, three sets of genes were extracted: (1) 120 non-mobile core genes from the chromosome (2) the 16S rRNA sequence, and (3) the nodulation genes nodA, nodC and nodD. The 16S was highly conserved across the accessions and was not informative to distinguish strains or geographical patterns. However, the set of 120 core genes gave a much more resolved picture allowing genospecies identification and revealing geographical patterns. The preliminary results using the core genes indicate a trend for geographical grouping over large areas. Our analysis consistently retrieved a Japanese clade and a South American clade with the remainder (over 50 accessions) belonging to a very widespread group from Europe and North America. Host plants were generally promiscuous and there was no apparent correlation with the evolutionary phylogeny of the hosts and their choice of rhizobial partners.Instituto de Recursos BiológicosFil: Trad, Rafaela. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgo, EscociaFil: Roberts, Sarah. University of California at San Francisco; Estados UnidosFil: Morales, Matias. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Morón. Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias; ArgentinaFil: James , Euan. Hutton Institute; Reino UnidoFil: Kenicer, Gregory. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh; Escoci

Microsatellite markers isolated from Cabomba Aquatica S.l. (cabombaceae) from an enriched genomic library

Microsatellite primers were designed for the submersed aquatic plant Cabomba aquatica s.l. (Cabombaceae) and characterized to estimate genetic diversity parameters. Using a selective hybridization method, we designed and tested 30 simple sequence repeat loci using two natural populations of C. aquatica s.l., resulting in 13 amplifiable loci. Twelve loci were polymorphic, and alleles per locus ranged from two to four across the 49 C. aquatica s.l. individuals. Observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and fixation index varied from 0.0 to 1.0, 0.0 to 0.5, and -1.0 to -0.0667, respectively, for the Manaus population and from 0.0 to 1.0, 0.0 to 0.6, and -1.0 to 0.4643 for the Viruá population. The developed markers will be used in further taxonomic and population studies within Cabomba. This set of microsatellite primers represents the first report on rapid molecular markers in the genus.Microsatellite primers were designed for the submersed aquatic plant Cabomba aquatica s.l. (Cabombaceae) and characterized to estimate genetic diversity parameters. Using a selective hybridization method, we designed and tested 30 simple sequence repeat l31113CNQP - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORSEM INFORMAÇÃO457/2010The authors thank S. M. Costa for help during fieldwork, the staff of the Parque Nacional do Viruá and Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA) for field support, and A. P. Souza for technical support for the laboratory infrastructure. T.D.M.B.

Taxonomic and biosystematics studies in the complex Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. & Zucc. (Caloplyllaceae)

Orientador: Maria do Carmo Estanislau do AmaralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade EStadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: O cerrado, uma formacao vegetal tipica do Brasil central, e um dos biomas com maior biodiversidade de especies, sendo classificado como um "hotspot". Atualmente, a acao antropogenica no cerrado tem causado muito desmatamento, ameacando a existencia de muitas especies. Kielmeyera Mart. & Zucc. (Clusiaceae s.l./Calophyllaceae) e um genero com aproximadamente 50 especies, das quais varias ocorrem no cerrado. Morfologicamente o genero e caracterizado por apresentar flores vistosas com corola contorta e numerosos estames, ovario trilocular e capsulas lenhosas com numerosas sementes aladas. Um dos elementos mais conspicuos do cerrado e Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. & Zucc., uma especie altamente variavel morfologicamente. A especie apresenta a maior amplitude ecologica para o genero e sua distribuicao geografica coincide, em maior parte, com a distribuicao do cerrado. K. coriacea e facilmente reconhecida por apresentar suber espesso, folhas verdes caducas e aglomeradas nos apices dos ramos, padrao de venacao caracteristico e flores alvas e odoriferas. Na ultima revisao realizada para o genero Kielmeyera (Saddi 1982), a circunscricao de K. coriacea foi alterada, mas permaneceu problematica. Visando organizar a variacao, o autor propoe o reconhecimento de duas subespecies e sete variedades, formando o que e conhecido atualmente como "complexo K. coriacea". Faz parte desse complexo tambem a especie K. grandiflora (Wawra) Saddi, considerada antes uma variedade de K. coriacea. Para estudar o complexo o presente trabalho utilizou abordagens taxonomicas convencionais, a anatomica e a genetica. Foram realizadas observacoes de material de herbario e cortes das regioes marginais e medianas de folhas adultas de cinco populacoes, sendo: duas de K. coriacea subsp. coriacea, duas de K. coriacea subsp. tomentosa e uma de K. grandiflora, constituidas por dois individuos cada populacao. Para estudos de genetica populacional foram utilizados 12 pares de primers previamente desenvolvidos a partir de uma biblioteca enriquecida de microssatelites. Os marcadores foram amplificados em 27 populacoes com 20-30 individuos cada. A anatomia estrutural apresentou dois padroes claramente distintos e a genetica populacional indicou grande semelhanca entre os taxons pertencentes ao complexo. Os resultados nao corroboram a proposta de Saddi para taxonomia da espécieAbstract: The Cerrado, a savanna-like vegetation typical of Central-Brazil, is one of the most species rich biomes of the world. It was classified as a "Biodiversity Hotspot". It is suffering strong anthropogenic pressures of different sources, and quite a number of species is seriously threatened. Kielmeyera Mart. & Zucc. (Clusiaceae s.l./ Calophyllaceae) is a genus of nearly 50 spp., several of which occur in the cerrado. Morphologically, the genus is characterized by large flowers with a contorted corolla and numerous stamens, a 3- locular ovary, and septicidal woody capsules with numerous winged seeds. One of the most common elements of the cerrado is Kielmeyera coriacea Mart. & Zucc., a morphologically highly variable species. It shows the widest ecological amplitude within the genus and its geographical distribution largely coincides with the cerrado biome. This species can be easily recognized by the thick corky bark, green coriaceous caducous leaves crown-like condensed at the end the branches, a characteristic venation and odoriferous, white flowers. In the last revision of the genus Kielmeyera (Nagib Saddi, 1982), the circumscription of K. coriacea remained problematic. To cope with a high variability, Saddi proposed two subspecies and seven varieties. The species is taxonomically so problematic that it is usually referred to as the "K. coriacea complex", to which also belongs K. grandiflora (Wawra) Saddi, formerly included as a variety in K. coriacea. To help with the taxonomic study of this complex, the study was done with taxonomy work, population genetics and structural anatomy of the leaves. For anatomy, two populations from each subspecies of K. coriacea and one population of K. grandiflora, consisting of 2 plants, were sampled. For genetics studies twelve primers pairs were selected between the ones previously developed from an enriched library of K. coriacea . Two patterns were found according to the structural anatomy and taxonomy observations suggest that there are two or more species in the complex. According to genetics, the banding pattern varies from one to eight bands per individual. K. grandiflora showed a similar banding pattern. For our study we treated each subspecies of K. coriacea as one group and Kielmeyera grandiflora as a third. We sampled at least 5 populations for each group and 20-30 plants to represent each population. The results show how genetically similar individuals of K. coriacea are. They do not corroborate most of Saddi's ideas for a subdivision of the K. coriacea complex, but suggest that K. grandiflora and K. coriacea are distinct species (as proposed by Saddi) and that possibly the two subspecies of K. coriacea actually represent two distinct speciesMestradoBiologia VegetalMestre em Biologia Vegeta

Kielmeyera ferruginosa (calophyllaceae), a new species from the Atlantic Forest, Southern Bahia, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Kielmeyera ferruginosa, a new species of Calophyllaceae from the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, is here described and illustrated. The species is critically endangered and can be easily distinguished from other Kielmeyera species by the rusty coloration of the trunk and branches, orange-colored latex, and the occurrence in flooded areas. It differs from the other species of the section Prolifera by the leaves with secondary veins relatively more distant from each other and prominent on the abaxial surface. Diagnostic characters and the state of conservation of the new species are discussed, and an identification key for K. ferruginosa and related species from series Rupestres and Neglectae is provided.Kielmeyera ferruginosa, a new species of Calophyllaceae from the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, is here described and illustrated. The species is critically endangered and can be easily distinguished from other Kielmeyera species by the rusty colorati2213288294FAPESB - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DA BAHIAFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNQP - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)FAPESP [2012/51781-0]CNPq [52/2010, 562278/2010-9, 482988/2013-4]162/20072012/51781-0562278/2010-9482988/2013-4Kielmeyera ferruginosa, uma nova espécie de Calophyllaceae da Mata Atlântica do Sul da Bahia, é descrita e ilustrada. A espécie encontra-se criticamente ameaçada de extinção e pode ser facilmente distinguida das demais espécies de Kielmeyera pela coloraçãWe would like to thank the Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB: APR 162/2007), the Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP: 2012/51781-0), the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq: PR

III Livro de Resultados de Pesquisa do GRAED PUCPR: trabalhos científicos em análise econômica do direito

Trata-se de obra coletiva composta por trabalhos científicos de membros e parceiros do GRAED PUCPR, que se apresenta como mecanismo de promoção de pesquisas científicas na área de Análise Econômica do Direito. Para tanto, são consolidados comunicados científicos apresentados no III Encontro de Pesquisa do GRAED PUCPR, resultados do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC) realizados por membros do grupo e artigos científicos avaliados por pares e cujas pesquisas relacionam-se com os projetos do grupo

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora